This verb describes the action of fixing or fastening something onto a surface, particularly through nailing. In classical usage it covered various acts of attachment, but in the New Testament context it specifically refers to the act of crucifixion. The multilingual glosses consistently emphasize the nailing action (Spanish 'habiendo-clavado', French 'clouer'), pointing to the grim physical reality of affixing Jesus to the cross. Acts 2:23 employs this term to describe the violent death of Christ at the hands of lawless men.