A descriptive term whose precise meaning has been debated—possibly 'genuine,' 'pure,' or even 'liquid' (from the root for 'drink'). Both occurrences describe the expensive perfume Mary used to anoint Jesus: 'pure nard' (Mark 14:3; John 12:3). The emphasis is on quality and authenticity—this was no cheap substitute but costly, genuine aromatic oil. Some suggest it means 'liquid' nard as opposed to solid form; others think it certifies authenticity ('genuine,' 'unadulterated'). The context emphasizes value: worth a year's wages, poured out in extravagant devotion.