μάστ-ιξ G3148
affliction, disease (figurative scourge); whip, scourge (instrument of punishment)
1. affliction, disease (figurative scourge) — A disease, affliction, or plague conceived figuratively as a 'scourge' or 'lash' from God. Used of the woman healed from her flow of blood (Mark 5:29, 5:34 mastigos, 'she was healed of her affliction'), of Jesus healing many of diseases and afflictions (Mark 3:10 mastigas, Luke 7:21 mastigon). The multilingual glosses clearly distinguish this figurative medical sense: Arabic amrad/al-da' (diseases/illness), Hebrew nega/negiot/makkot (plague/affliction/blow), Korean jilbyeong/byeong (disease/sickness), Spanish enfermedad/enfermedades (disease), German Geisseln (used broadly). The semantic shift from 'whip' to 'affliction/plague' follows the common metaphorical extension of striking instruments to divine punishment or disease in Semitic and Greek thought. 4×
AR["آلامٍ","أَمْراضٌ","الدّاءِ","دائِكِ"]·ben["কষ্ট","ব্যাধি;"]·DE["Geisseln","μαστίγων"]·EN["affliction","afflictions"]·FR["fléau"]·heb["מַכּוֹת","נְגִעוֹת","נֶגַע"]·HI["कोड़े","कोड़ों"]·ID["penyakit","penyakit;","siksaan"]·IT["mastigas","mastigon","mastigos"]·jav["penyakit","penyakit.","penyakit;","sangsara"]·KO["병","병.","질병을","채찍들"]·PT["enfermidade","enfermidade.","enfermidades;","flagelos"]·RU["бичей","болезни"]·ES["azotes","enfermedad","enfermedades"]·SW["gonjwa","gonjwa.","mapigo","maradhi;"]·TR["dertlerden,","hastalıklar;","hastalıktan.","hastalığından"]·urd["اور","تکلیف","تکلیفیں"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. whip, scourge (instrument of punishment) — A whip or scourge used as an instrument of physical punishment. Used of the Roman examination by scourging in Acts 22:24 (mastixin, 'that he should be examined with whips') and of the sufferings of OT saints who endured mockings and scourgings in Heb 11:36 (mastigon, 'of scourgings'). The multilingual glosses reflect the concrete instrument: Arabic bi-l-siyat (with whips)/jaldat (lashes), Hebrew be-shotim (with whips)/malqot (beatings/lashes), Korean chaejjig-euro (with a whip)/chaejjig-deul-eui (of whips), Spanish con azotes/azotes, Hindi kodon se (with whips), German Geisseln (scourges), French fleau (scourge). 2×
AR["بِالسِّيَاطِ","جَلْدَات"]·ben["চাবুক-দিয়ে","চাবুকের"]·DE["Geisseln","μάστιξιν"]·EN["of-scourgings","with-whips"]·FR["fléau"]·heb["בְּשׁוֹטִים","מַלְקוֹת"]·HI["कोड़ों,","कोड़ों-से"]·ID["cambukan,","dengan-cambuk"]·IT["flagello","mastigōn"]·jav["gebagan","pecut"]·KO["채찍들의","채찍으로"]·PT["de-açoites"]·RU["бичами","бичеваний"]·ES["azotes","con-azotes"]·SW["kwa-mijeledi","mijeledi"]·TR["kamçılarla","kırbaçların"]·urd["کوڑوں-سے","کوڑوں-کا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
μάστ-ιξ, ῑγος, ἡ, whip, scourge, mostly for driving horses, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἵππου μ. horse-whip, Refs 5th c.BC+; λιγυρὰ μ. διπλῆ Refs 5th c.BC+; later, scourge, ὑπὸ μαστίγων διαβαίνειν to cross under the lash, of soldiers flogged on, Refs 5th c.BC+; μάστιγ᾽ ἔχων whip in hand, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, scourge, plague, μάστιξ Διός Refs 8th c.BC+; διπλῇ μ., τὴν Ἄρης φιλεῖ, i.e. fire and…