Lithos is the common Greek word for stone, covering an exceptionally wide material and figurative range in the New Testament. Literally it denotes natural rocks (Matt 3:9, God can raise children from stones), hewn building blocks (Mark 13:1-2, the massive stones of Herod's temple), millstones (Luke 17:2), and precious stones (Rev 21:19). Figuratively, it becomes one of the New Testament's richest christological images: Christ as the 'stone the builders rejected' turned cornerstone (Matt 21:42, citing Ps 118:22), the 'stumbling stone' (Rom 9:33; 1 Pet 2:8), and the 'living stone' upon which believers are built (1 Pet 2:4-5). The stoning of Stephen (Acts 7:58-59) gives the word its most violent concrete usage. Spanish piedra, French pierre, and German Stein all preserve this breadth.