Refers specifically to dust that has been raised or kicked up—not settled dust but an airborne cloud of fine particles. In the Gospels and Acts, shaking dust off one's feet is a symbolic act of separation and judgment when a town rejects the message (Matt 10:14; Luke 9:5; 10:11). Paul and Barnabas perform this gesture at Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13:51). In Acts 22:23, an angry mob throws dust into the air as a sign of outrage. Every translation captures the same concrete image—Spanish 'polvo,' French 'poussiere'—but the Greek compound (from κόνις 'dust' and ὄρνυμι 'to stir up') emphasizes the dynamic, unsettled quality of the particles.