ἐπιτρέπ-ω G2010
to permit, allow, give leave — to grant authorization for someone to act or proceed
Epitrepo means to permit or allow, granting someone leave to do what they request. Its 18 New Testament occurrences span a wide range of social and spiritual settings where authority is exercised through granting or withholding permission. Jesus permits the Gadarene demons to enter the swine herd (Matt 8:31; Mark 5:13; Luke 8:32) — a permission that simultaneously reveals his authority over unclean spirits. The would-be disciple asks 'permit me first to bury my father' (Matt 8:21; Luke 9:59, 61), and the cost of following Jesus is measured precisely by what he will and will not permit. Moses 'permitted' a certificate of divorce because of hardness of heart (Matt 19:8; Mark 10:4), and Jesus reframes that concession. Paul uses it for congregational order: women are 'not permitted to speak' in certain settings (1 Cor 14:34; 1 Tim 2:12). Pilate permits Joseph of Arimathea to take Jesus' body (John 19:38). Festus permits Paul to speak for himself (Acts 26:1; 27:3; 28:16). Spanish 'permitir,' French 'permettre,' and German 'erlauben' all map the single authorization sense directly.
Senses
1. permit, allow — To grant permission or authorization for an action, whether by divine, civil, or social authority. Jesus permits demons to enter swine, demonstrating sovereign power over the unclean (Matt 8:31; Mark 5:13; Luke 8:32). The discipleship dialogues hinge on what Jesus permits before following him (Matt 8:21; Luke 9:59, 61). Moses' 'permitting' divorce becomes a foil for Jesus' higher standard (Matt 19:8; Mark 10:4). Paul deploys it for church governance and gender roles in worship (1 Cor 14:34; 16:7; 1 Tim 2:12). Roman officials permit burial (John 19:38) and self-defense speeches (Acts 26:1; 27:3; 28:16). The consistent thread is that someone with recognized authority authorizes another to proceed. French 'permettre' and German 'erlauben' confirm the single permission sense. 18×
AR["آذَنُ", "أَذِنَ", "اِأْذَنْ-لِي", "اِئْذَنْ", "اِسمَحْ", "سَمَحَ", "سُمِحَ", "مَأْذُونٌ-لَكَ", "وَلَمَّا-أَذِنَ-لَهُ", "يَأذَنَ", "يُؤذَنُ"]·ben["অনুমতি-দাও", "অনুমতি-দিন", "অনুমতি-দিলে", "অনুমতি-দিলেন", "অনুমতি-দেওয়া-হইতেছে", "অনুমতি-দেওয়া-হইল", "অনুমতি-দেওয়া-হয়নি", "অনুমতি-দেন", "অনুমতি-দেন।", "আমি-অনুমতি-দিই,"]·DE["erlauben", "erlaubt"]·EN["I-permit", "It-is-permitted", "Permit", "Permitted", "having-permitted", "he-permitted", "he-would-permit", "it-is-permitted", "permit", "permits", "permitted", "was-permitted"]·FR["permettre"]·heb["הִרְשָׁה", "הַרְשֵׁה", "הַרְשֵׁה-לִי", "הֻרְשָׁה", "יַרְשֶׁה", "מַרְשֶׁה", "מֻתָּר"]·HI["अनुमति-दि", "अनुमति-दी", "अनुमति-दी-गई", "अनुमति-दे", "अनुमति-देत", "अनुमति-देने-पर", "अनुमति-है", "अनुमतिदी", "अनुमतिहै", "आज्ञा-दी", "आज्ञा-दे"]·ID["Dia-mengizinkan", "Diizinkan", "Ia-mengizinkan", "Izinkanlah", "Mengizinkan", "aku-izinkan", "diizinkan", "izinkan", "izinkanlah", "mengizinkan", "mengizinkan."]·IT["epetrepsen", "epitrepse", "epitrepson", "epitrepē", "epitrepō", "permettere"]·jav["Kaparengaken", "Lilani", "Sampun-ngidini", "dipun-parengaken", "kaparengna", "kaparingan-idini", "keparengna", "kula-ngidini,", "lilani", "marengaken", "ngidini", "sampun-ngidini"]·KO["허락되었다", "허락되지", "허락된다", "허락하라", "허락하소서", "허락하시도록", "허락하시면", "허락하였다", "허락한-후에", "허락한다,", "허락했다"]·PT["Permite", "Permitiu", "foi-permitido", "permite", "permitir", "permitisse", "permitiu", "permito", "tendo-permitido", "É-permitido", "é-permitido"]·RU["Позволил", "Позволь", "Разрешается", "было-позволено", "позволено", "позволившего", "позволил", "позволит", "позволь", "позволяю"]·ES["Habiendo-permitido", "Permitió", "Se-te-permite", "es-permitido", "les-permitiera", "les-permitió", "os-permitió", "permite", "permitiere", "permitió", "permito", "permíteme", "se-le-permitió"]·SW["Aliporuhusu", "Aliruhusu", "Niruhusu", "Unaruhusiwa", "akamruhusu", "akiruhusu", "alimruhusu", "aliruhusiwa", "aliwaruhusu", "awaruhusu", "hawaruhusiwi", "naruhusu", "ninyi", "niruhusu"]·TR["izin verilir", "izin-ver", "izin-verdi", "izin-veriliyor", "izin-verirse", "izin-veriyorum", "izin-versin", "onu", "İzin-ver", "İzin-verdi", "İzin-verince"]·urd["اجازت دی", "اجازت-دی", "اجازت-دی-گئی", "اجازت-دیتا-ہوں", "اجازت-دینے-پر", "اجازت-دے", "اجازت-ہے"]
Matt 8:21, Matt 19:8, Mark 5:13, Mark 10:4, Luke 8:32, Luke 8:32, Luke 9:59, Luke 9:61, John 19:38, Acts 21:39, Acts 21:40, Acts 26:1 (+6 more)
Related Senses
H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)H7760a 1. put, place, set physically (444×)H8064 1. heavens / sky (329×)H5439 1. around, all around (spatial) (319×)H4057b 1. wilderness, desert region (270×)H3220 1. sea, body of water (269×)H0520a 1. cubit (unit of length) (246×)H0127 1. ground, land (territory) (210×)H3383 1. Jordan River (proper noun) (183×)G1093 1. earth, the world (176×)H5800a 1. forsake, abandon (Qal active) (166×)H8121 1. sun (celestial body) (133×)H7126 1. offer, present sacrificially (122×)H6828 1. north, cardinal direction (120×)H2351 1. outside, exterior space (119×)H5104 1. river, stream (119×)H7341 1. width, breadth (101×)G1563 1. there (95×)H7126 2. draw near, approach (95×)G2281 1. sea, large body of water (91×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐπιτρέπ-ω, Ionic dialect ἐπιτράπω [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+future -τρέψ; Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural -τρέψοντιRefs 5th c.BC+; Cretan dialect infinitive -τραψῆνRefs: aorist I -έτρεψαRefs 8th c.BC+aorist 2 -έτραπονRefs: perfect -τέτρᾰφαRefs 2nd c.BC+ —middle, future -τρέψομαι (variant{-τράψ-}) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 2 -ετρᾰπόμηνRefs 8th c.BC+ —passive, future -τετράψομαι Pisistr. cited in Refs 3rd…