δῐκαί-ωμα G1345
A righteous ordinance, regulation, or decree; a righteous deed; an act of judicial acquittal
Built on the root δίκη (justice), this noun spans from the concrete to the abstract. Most often in the NT it refers to God's righteous requirements or ordinances -- the regulations of worship in Hebrews 9:1, or the commandments Zechariah and Elizabeth walked blamelessly in (Luke 1:6). But in Revelation 19:8, the fine linen of the Bride represents the 'righteous deeds' of the saints, shifting from requirement to fulfillment. Paul's use in Romans 5:16-18 is the most theologically loaded: one act of righteousness leading to justification for all. Spanish helpfully differentiates, using 'justos requisitos' for ordinances but 'acto de justicia' for the deed, and 'justificacion' for acquittal.
Senses
1. regulation, ordinance — A concrete decree, statute, or regulation prescribed by divine or legal authority. This is the most frequent NT sense, covering the Mosaic ordinances (Heb 9:1, 10), the righteous requirements of the Law (Rom 2:26; 8:4), and God's righteous decree that sin deserves death (Rom 1:32). Spanish 'justos requisitos' and German 'Satzungen' both emphasize the prescriptive, binding character of these requirements. Luke 1:6 describes Zechariah and Elizabeth walking in all the Lord's ordinances blamelessly. 6×
AR["حُكمَ", "حُكْمُ", "فَرائِضَ", "فَرَائِضُ", "فَرَائِضِ"]·ben["ধার্মিক-দাবি", "ন্যায়সঙ্গত-বিধানসমূহ", "বিধান", "বিধিগুলিতে"]·DE["Satzungen", "δικαιώμασιν"]·EN["ordinances", "regulations", "righteous-decree", "righteous-requirement", "righteous-requirements"]·FR["ordonnance"]·heb["חֹק", "חֹק-צֶדֶק", "חֻקּוֹת", "מִשְׁפְּטֵי"]·HI["धार्मिक-मांग", "विधि", "विधियाँ", "विधियां", "विधियों"]·ID["ketetapan", "ketetapan-ketetapan", "peraturan-peraturan", "tuntutan"]·IT["dikaiomasin", "dikaiōmata", "ordinanza"]·jav["aturan", "kabeneran", "paugeranipun", "pranatan"]·KO["규례들-에서", "규례들을", "규례들이니", "의로운-규례", "의로운-요구가", "의로운-요구들"]·PT["decreto", "justiça", "ordenanças", "preceitos"]·RU["-закона", "постановления", "праведное-требование", "праведные-требования", "уставах"]·ES["justo-juicio", "justo-requisito", "justos-requisitos", "ordenanzas"]·SW["hukumu", "maagizo", "masharti", "matakwa", "sharti"]·TR["buyruğu", "buyruğunu", "gerekliliklerini", "kurallar", "kuralları"]·urd["احکام", "حکم", "شرائط-کو", "قوانین", "مطالبہ"]
2. righteous deed, act of righteousness — A righteous deed or act of moral uprightness performed by a person or attributed to the saints collectively. In Rev 19:8 the fine linen is the 'righteous deeds' of the saints; in Rev 15:4 God's righteous acts are revealed. Rom 5:18 uses it of Christ's one 'act of righteousness' leading to justification. Spanish 'actos justos' and 'acto de justicia' mark the shift from prescribed rule to enacted virtue. 3×
AR["أَحكامَكَ", "بِرُّ أَعْمالِ", "تَبريرٍ"]·ben["ধার্মিক-কাজের", "ধার্মিকতা"]·DE["Satzungen"]·EN["act-of-righteousness", "righteous-deeds"]·FR["ordonnance"]·heb["הַצְדָּקָה", "מִשְׁפְּטֶיךָ", "מַעֲשֵׂי-צֶדֶק"]·HI["धर्मीकरण", "धार्मिक-कार्य"]·ID["kebenaran-kebenaran", "perbuatan-kebenaran,", "perbuatan-perbuatan-benar"]·IT["dikaiōmata", "ordinanza"]·jav["kaadilan", "pambenaranipun,", "pandamel-leres"]·KO["의로운-행실들이다", "의로운-행위", "의로운-행위들이"]·PT["ato-de-justiça", "atos-justos", "juízos"]·RU["праведные-дела", "праведный-поступок"]·ES["acto-de-justicia", "actos-justos", "justicias"]·SW["haki-za", "haki-zako", "tendo-la-haki"]·TR["adaletli-hükümlerin", "adaletli-işlerini", "doğru-işin"]·urd["راست-کام", "راستی"]
3. justification, act of acquittal — The judicial act of acquittal or declaration of righteousness -- God's verdict pronouncing the sinner righteous. In Rom 5:16 the free gift following many trespasses leads to 'justification' (δικαίωμα), contrasting the condemnation from Adam's sin. Spanish 'justificacion' captures the forensic, courtroom sense that distinguishes this from both ordinance and deed. This is a distinctly Pauline theological use of the word. 1×
AR["التَّبريرِ"]·ben["ধার্মিক-গণন"]·DE["Satzungen"]·EN["justification"]·FR["ordonnance"]·heb["הַצְדָּקָה"]·HI["धर्मीकरण"]·ID["pembenaran."]·IT["ordinanza"]·jav["pambenaran."]·KO["의롭게-됨"]·PT["justificação"]·ES["justificación"]·SW["kuhesabiwa-haki"]·TR["aklanma"]·urd["راستبازی"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
δῐκαί-ωμα, ατος, τό, act of right, opposed to ἀδίκημα, Refs 4th c.BC+; duty, τὰ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους δ. Refs 1st c.AD+; properly amendment of a wrong, opposed to δικαιοπράγημα, Refs 4th c.BC+ __a judgement, penalty, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b justification, plea of right, LXX+5th c.BC+; δικαιώματα Ἑλληνίδων πόλεων, compiled by Refs 4th c.BC+ __c plural, pleadings, documents in a suit, Refs 3rd c.BC+; also, credentials, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __d act of δικαίὠσις NT __II ordinance, decree, LXX+NT