The Greek noun genos carries the fundamental idea of shared origin — what people, things, or categories have in common by birth or nature. In the New Testament, its most frequent use (11 occurrences) traces family lineage and descent: Barnabas is a Levite 'by birth' (Acts 4:36), Joseph's 'family' becomes known to Pharaoh (Acts 7:13), and Paul addresses 'men of the family of Abraham' (Acts 13:26). Spanish linaje, French race, and German Geschlecht all gravitate toward the genealogical register. A second sense classifies types or categories — 'every kind of fish' (Matt 13:47), 'kinds of tongues' (1 Cor 12:10) — where Spanish shifts to genero and English to 'kind.' The third sense marks ethnic or national identity: Paul is 'of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin' (Phil 3:5), and he suffers 'danger from my own countrymen' (2 Cor 11:26). These three senses share the root idea of genos as a group defined by common origin, whether biological, categorical, or ethnic.