Locative Interrogatives

ὅς, ἥ, ὅ, genitive οὗ, ἧς, οὗ, etc.; dative plural οἷς, αἷς, οἷς, etc.: Epic dialect forms, genitive ὅου (probably replacing Οο) in the phrases ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτ᾽ ὀλεῖται Refs 8th c.BC+; feminine ἕης Refs 8th c.BC+; elsewhere only ἧς Refs; dative plural οἷς, οἷσι, ᾗς, ᾗσι (never αἷς or αἷσι in Refs 8th c.BC+ — _pronoun_ used, __A as demonstrative by the side of οὗτος, ὅδε, and the Article ὁ, ἡ, τό: in post-Homeric Gr. this use survived only in a few special phrases. __B as a Relat. by the side of the Article ὅ, ἥ, τό (see. ὁ, ἡ, τό, c):—this demonstrative and Relat. pronoun must not be confounded with the Possess. ὅς, ἥ, ὅν. (With Gr. Relat. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ cf. Sanskrit Relat. yas, yā, yad, Lithuanian jis, ji (he, she), Oslav. i, ja, je (he, she, it).) __A DEMONSTR. PRON., ={οὗτος},{ὅδε}, this, that; also, he, she, it: __A.I Homeric usage: this form only occurs in the nominative masculine and neuter ὅς, ὅ, and perhaps nominative feminine ἥ and nominative plural οἵ, the other cases being supplied by ὁ, ἡ, τό (ὅ, ἡ, τό); most codices have ἥ in Refs 8th c.BC+ before it, μηδ᾽ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ᾽ ὃς φύγοι Refs 8th c.BC+participle, εἰς ἕτερον γάρ τίς τε ἰδών.., ὃς σπεύδει (for ὅστις ἂν ἴδῃ, ὃς σπεύδει) Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II in later Gr. this usage remained in a few forms: __A.II.1 at the beginning of a clause, καὶ ὅς and he, Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ ἥ and she, καὶ οἵ and they, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.2 ὃς καὶ ὅς such and such a person, Refs 5th c.BC+ —here also the _Article_ supplied the oblative cases. __A.II.3 ἦ δ᾽ ὅς, ἦ δ᾽ ἥ, said he, said she, see at {ἠμί}. __A.II.4 in oppositions, where it sometimes answers to the Article, Λέριοι κακοί· οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ᾽ οὔ.. Refs 6th c.BC+; ὃ μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.. (neuter) NT+4th c.BC+: so in Doric dialect dative feminine as adverb, ᾇ μὲν.., ᾇ δὲ.. Refs 4th c.BC+: very frequently in late Prose, Refs 2nd c.AD+: also answering to other Prons., ἑτέρων.., ὧν δὲ.. Refs 4th c.BC+ __B RELAT. PRON., who, which.—By the side of the simple Relat., ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (in Refs 8th c.BC+ __A0USAGE of the Relat. pronoun (the following remarks apply to ὅς γε, ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, as well as to ὅς, and to ὁ, ἡ, τό as relative): __A0.I in respect of CONCORRefs 4th c.BC+ —Prop. it agrees in gender and number with the Noun or _pronoun_ in the antecedent clause.—But this rule admits of many exceptions: __A0.I.1 the Relat. mayagree with the gender implied, not expressed, in the antecedent, φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή Refs 8th c.BC+: so after collective Nouns, the Relat. is frequently put in plural in the gender implied in the Noun, λαόν.., οὕς.. Refs 8th c.BC+; στρατιάν.. τοιαύτην.., οἵ τινες.., τὸ ναυτικόν, οἵ.., Refs 5th c.BC+; especially after the names of countries or cities, Τηλέπυλον Λαιστρυγονίην ἀφίκανεν, οἳ.. (i. e. to Telepylos of the Laestrygonians, who.. ) Refs 8th c.BC+ adjective, Θηβαίας ἐπισκοποῦντ᾽ ἀγυιάς, τάν.. the streets of Thebes, which.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς Ἡρακλείους παῖδας, ὃς.. the children of Heracles, who.., Refs 5th c.BC+of me whom.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν ἥμισύν ἐστ᾽ ἀτελὴς τοῦ χρόνου· εἶθ᾽ ἧς πᾶσι μέτεστι.., where ἧς agrees with ἀτελείας implied in ἀτελής, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A0.I.2 when the antec. Noun in singular implies a class, the Relat. is sometimes in plural, ἦ μάλα τις θεὸς ἔνδον, οἳ.. ἔχουσιν (for τις θεῶν, οἵ..) in some places, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὗ μέν.., οὗ δέ.. in some places.., in others.., Refs 4th c.BC+ in what part of the earth, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.I.2 in pregnant phrases, μικρὸν προϊόντες..,οὗ ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο (for ἐκεῖσε οὗ) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπιὼν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, οὗ κατέφυγε (for οἷ κατέφυγε καὶ οὗ ἦν) NT+5th c.BC+: but in early writers this is falsa lectio, as in Refs 4th c.BC+ __A0.II dative feminine ᾗ, Doric dialect ᾇ, of Place, where, or Manner, as, see at {ᾗ}. __A0.III old locative οἷ, as adverb, see at {οἷ}. __A0.III.2 old ablative (?) ὧ, in Doric dialect (compare ϝοίκω), τηνῶθε καθεῖλον, ὧ (whence) μ᾽ ἐκέλευ καθελεῖν τυ Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.IV accusative singular neuter ὅ, very frequently ={ὅτι}, that, how that, λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; and so also, because, ταρβήσας ὅ οἱ ἄγχι πάγη βέλος Refs __A0.IV.2 in Attic dialect ὅ, for which reason, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.IV.3 whereas, NT+5th c.BC+ __A0.V ἀφ᾽ οὗπερ from the time that.., Refs 4th c.BC+ __A0.VI ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, see at {ἐπί} Refs 5th c.BC+

II. אַל adv. of negation (so Ph. e.g. CIS i.3,4.5.8, Bi Aramaic, Sab. (DHMZMG 1875, 596), and in the Eth. አልቦ albo, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא, οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition: a. (a) with a verb, which is then always an impf. (never an imperative), by preference in the cohort. or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gn 15:1 and often אַל־תִּירָא fear not! 22:12 אַל־תִּשְׁלַח יָֽדְךָ put not forth thy hand, 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ אַל־תְּהִי־בוֹ and let not our hand be upon him, 21:16 אַל־אֶרְאֶה let me not look upon the death of the lad! ψ 25:2 אַל־אֵבוֹשָׁה let me not be ashamed; with 1 pl. (rare) 2 S 13:25 Je 18:18 Jon 1:14. In an imprecation: Gn 49:4 אַל־תּוֹתַר have not thou the excellency! ψ 109:12 Jb 3:4, 6. Sometimes strengthened by נָא: Gn 13:8 18:3 al. (b) without a verb, (α) 2 S 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Is 62:6 ψ 83:2. (β) used absol., in deprecation Gn 19:18 2 S 13:16 (v. sub אוֹדָה) 2 K 3:13; 4:16; 6:27 (v. RVm: but possibly to be expl. by Dr§ 152 iii; so Th Ke: hardly as Ew§ 355b) Ru 1:13 אַל בְּנֹתַי Nay, my daughters, cf. Ju 19:23; (γ) after a preceding imper. Am 5:14 Jo 2:13 Pr 8:10, a juss. 27:2, an inf. abs. 17:12. (c) in poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (v. Dr§ 56–8); Is 2:9 וְאַל־תִּשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), ψ 41:3 Pr 3:25 Jb 5:22; ψ 34:6 (but 𝔊 𝔖 Ew Che here rd. וּפְנֵיכֶם, prob. rightly); 50:3a may our God come וְאַל־יֶ֫חֱרָ֥שׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene v 2, 3b–c) 121:3 (contrast v 4 לֹא) Je 46:6 +., b. once Pr 12:28 joined closely to a subst. (cf. לֹא 2b): In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway thereof אַל־מָוֶת there is no-death!; but error for אֶל־ ‘unto’ Capp 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 𝔅. c. once Jb 24:25 used poet. as a subst., And bring my words לְאַל to nought!—N.B. 1 S 27:10 אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּם הַיּוֹם, אַל with the pf. is against all analogy; and either אֶל־מִי (with 𝔊 𝔙), or better אָן whither? (with 𝔖 𝔗: v. 1 S 10:14) must be read.

ὅπου, Ionic dialect ὅκου, Relat., indirect interrogative, and indefinite adverb of Place, correlated to ποῦ: __I as a Relat., sometimes with genitive loci, τῆς πόλεως ὅπου κάλλιστον στρατοπεδεύσασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+in some places, Refs 4th c.BC+ adjective, μέλη, ὅπου (i. e. ἐν οἷς)Refs 5th c.BC+: with other Particles, ὅκου δή somewhere or other, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπου ἄν wherever, with subjunctive, Refs; in Trag. the ἄν may be omitted, as ὅπου δ᾽ Ἀπόλλων σκαιὸς ᾖ, τίνες σοφο; Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, ὅπου ἂν τύχῃ τῶν λεγομένων Refs 5th c.BC+anywheresoever, Refs; ὅπουπερ with optative, wherever, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁπουδάν, ={ὅπου δὲ ἄν}, anywhere, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ὁπουδήποτε, = ubicumque, Dosith.p.410 K.; ὁπουδηποτοῦν anywheresoever, Refs 1st c.AD+ __I.2 in indirect questions, ὄφρα πύθηαι πατρός, ὅπου κύθε γαῖα Refs 8th c.BC+: with Verbs of motion in pregnant sense, ὅκου ἐτράπετο, οὐκέτι εἶχον εἰπεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ mostly from codices; in repeating a question, ἡ Λακεδαίμων ποῦ 'στι; Answ. ὅπου 'στί; (do you ask) where it is? Refs 5th c.BC+ __II the strict local sense occasionally passes into, __II.1 a sense involving Time or Occasion, ὅ. τιν᾽ ἴδῃ Refs 6th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ. there is no case in which, i.e. in no case. Refs 5th c.BC+; so ἔστιν ὅ.; as a question, Refs __II.2 of Cause, whereas, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅκου γε, Latin quandoquidem or quippe, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B later as a demonstrative adverb, only in the phrase ὅ. μέν.., ὅ. δέ.. here.., there.., Refs 1st c.AD+

אַיֵּה45 (lengthened from אַי, cf. הֵן & הִנֵּה) interr.adv. Where? Gn 18:9; 19:5; 22:7; the most gen. term expressing this idea, used of both persons & things (but never with a verb [contrast אֵיפֹה]); often in poet. or elevated style, where the answer nowhere is expected, Is 33:18; 36:19; 51:13 Je 2:28 (cf. Dt 32:37 אֵי) 17:15; 37:19, Jb 15:23 he wandereth abroad for bread אַיֵּה (saying Where is it? 21:28 Zc 1:5 (אַיֵּה־הֵם); in the (iron.) phrase where is thy (their) God? †ψ 42:4, 11; 79:10; 115:2 (אַיֵּה־נָא) Jo 2:17; rhetorically, of an earnest inquiry Je 2:6, 8 Job 35:10, or longing Is 63:11, 15 Ju 6:13.

ποῦ, Ionic dialect κοῦ, interrogative adverb where? Refs 8th c.BC+; rarely with Verbs of motion in early authors, see που entry near the end:—with genitive loci, π. χθονό; where in the world? Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν σοφίαν.. π. χοροῦ τάξομε; in what part of the chorus? Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 so in a sense not strictly local, π. ποτ᾽ εἶ φρενῶ; Refs 5th c.BC+; π. σοι τύχης ἕστηκε; at what point of fortune stands he? Refs __II of manner, how? Refs 5th c.BC+; to express an inference very strongly, κοῦ γε δὴ.. οὐκ ἂν χωσθείη κόλπος..; how then would it not.. ? i.e. it certainly would.., Refs 5th c.BC+; in Trag., in indignant questions, how? by what right? π. σὺ στρατηγεῖς τοῦδ; Refs 5th c.BC+

אָן adv. (contracted from I. אַיִן) where? or whither? 1 S 10:14 (cf. 27:10 𝔖 𝔗, v. sub אַל ad fin.); only besides in †מֵאָן whence? 2 K 5:25 Kt (Qr מֵאַיִן); †עַד־אָן of time to what point? how long? Jb 8:2. With ה locale: אָ֫נָה (a) whither? Gn 16:8; 32:18 2 S 2:1; 13:13 2 K 6:6 ψ 139:7(×2) + 9 textual; in indirect sentence Jos 2:5 Ne 2:16; (b) pregnantly †Ru 2:19 Is 10:3; (c) in the phrase אָ֫נֶה וָאָ֫נָה any whither †1 K 2:36, 42 2 K 5:25; (d) of time, עַד־אָ֫נָה how long? †Ex 16:28 Nu 14:11(×2) (c. לֹא) Jos 18:3 Je 47:6 (sq. לֹא) Hb 1:2 ψ 13:2(×2), 3(×2); 62:4 Jb 18:2; 19:2 (less common than the syn. עַד מָתַי).

[אַי] (أَىٌّ, አይ in Syr. in cpds. as ܐܰܝܟܰܢ how? WSG 120–2; cf. As. aiu, who? what?). †1. interrog.adv. where? a. so with sf. אַיֶּ֫כָּה [a verbal form, v. Sta§ 355 b. 3] Gn 3:9; אַיּוֹ Ex 2:20, poet. where is he? = he is nowhere Jb 14:10; 20:7 (Je 37:19 rd. Qr אַיֵּה); אַיָּם Na 3:17 (in indirect qu.) and the place thereof is not known, אַיָּם where they are. Idiomatically, with the sf. anticipating the noun to which it refers (Ew§ 309 c, cf. DrSm i. 21, 14) 2 K 19:13 אַיּוֹ מֶלֶךְ־חֲמָת where is he, the king of Hamath? (‖ Is 37:13 אַיֵּה) Is 19:12 Mi 7:10. When used alone, or with other adverbs (v. infr.), it is contracted to אֵי Gn 4:9 Dt 32:37 1 S 26:16 Pr 31:4 Qr. (The more usual form is אַיֵּה.) b. strengthened by the enclitic זֶה (v. זֶה, 4) אֵי־זֶה15 where, then? (never of a person, exc. Est 7:5 (late), & only once 1 K 22:24 [but v. 2 Ch 18:23] with a verb) Is 50:1; 66:1(×2) Je 6:16, in indirect qu. 1 S 9:18; in the phrase אֵי־זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ … where is the way (that) …? †1 K 13:12 2 K 3:8 2 Ch 18:23 Jb 38:19a, 24. 2. prefixed to other adverbs or prons., אֵי imparts to them an interrog. force: thus a. אֵי־זֶה which (of two or more)? only Ec 2:3; 11:6 (late), in indirect qu. b. †אֵי־מִזֶּה whence? (מִזֶּה = hence; v. sub זֶה) Gn 16:8 אֵי־מִזֶּה בָאתְ 1 S 30:13 2 S 1:3, 13 Jb 2:2; in indirect qu. Ju 13:6 1 S 25:11; fem. subst. annexed 2 S 15:2 אֵי־מִזֶּה עִיר אַתָּה lit. whence, as regards city, art thou? Jon 1:8. c. †אֵי־לָזֹאת Je 5:7 upon what ground? (𝔙 super quo?) how? With other adverbs, אֵי coalesces into one word, v. אֵיכָה" dir="rtl" >אֵיכָה, אֵיכָ֫כָה" dir="rtl" >אֵיכָכָה, אֵיפֹה" dir="rtl" >אֵיפֹה.

πόθεν, Ionic dialect κόθεν: __I interrogative adverb whence? __I.1 of Place, εἰρώτα.., τίς εἴη καὶ π. ἔλθοι Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 of origin, π. γένος εὔχεται εἶναι from what stock he avows that he is by descent, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.3 in speaking, π. ἄρξωμα; Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.4 of the cause, whence? wherefore? π. χοὰς ἔπεμψε; ἐκ τίνος λόγο; Refs 4th c.BC+; to express surprise or negation, π. γὰρ ἔσται βιοτ; i.e. οὐδαμόθεν, NT+5th c.BC+how can it be? impossible! nonsense! Refs 5th c.BC+; π. γά; Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.5 with Verbs of finding, taking, purchasing, etc., π. ἂν πριαίμην ῥῖν; Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ποθέν, enclitic adverb from some place or other, εἴ π. Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐκ βιβλίου π. ἀκούσας from some book or other, Refs

οὗ, genitive of relative and possess. Prons. ὅς: as adverb where, see at {ὅς}, ἥ, ὅ A b. 1.

בַּאֲשֶׁר19 a. in (that) which … Is 56:4; 65:12; 66:4 (supr. 1); Ec 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Is 47:12 (v.2). b. adv. in (the place) where: supr. 4 b (γ). c. conj. in that, inasmuch as, †Gn 39:9; 23; Ec 7:2; 8:4; cf. ܒܕ d. †Jon 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: v. sub שֶׁל).

† אֵיכָה (from אַי and כָּה = כֹּה; cf. As. ekiam) adv. 1. interrog. In what manner? τίνι τρόπῳ; (rather more definite than אֵיךְ = πῶς;) Dt 1:12; 7:17; 12:30; 18:21; 32:30 Ju 20:3 (indirect sentence) 2 K 6:15 Je 8:8 ψ 73:11. 2. exclam. How! (slightly more emph. than אֵיךְ) Is 1:21 Je 48:17 La 1:1; 2:1; 4:1, 2. 3. Where? (prob. north-Isr.; cf. Aramaic אֵיכָא, ܐܰܝܟܳܐ where? Cf. DrIntr. 178, 421) only 2 K 6:13 (K3 אֵיכֹה) Kt Ct 1:7(×2),—each time in an indirect sentence.

I. [אַ֫יִן] adv. (from אַי; Ass. aina, ainu, Ara. أَيْنَ where? مِنْ أَيْنَ whence?) only in the compound מֵאַ֫יִן17 whence? Gn 29:4; 42:7 (syn. אֵי־מִזֶּה e.g. Gn 16:8 1 S 30:13) Ju 17:9; 19:17 Jb 1:7 (2:2 אֵי־מִזֶּה); used in a rhet. or poet. style (where אֵי־מִזֶּה would be too prosaic) Nu 11:13 מֵאַיִן לִי בָּשָׂר whence have I flesh etc.? 2 K 6:27 Je 30:7 Alas! for that day is great; מֵאַיִן כָּמוֹהוּ whence is its like? (see also II. אַיִן ad fin.) Na 3:7 ψ 121:1 Jb 28:12, 20; in an indirect sentence Jos 2:4 (cf. אֵי־מִזֶּה 1 S 25:11).

ὅθεν, relative adverb whence, ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ, ὅ. ῥέεν ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐξ Ἐνετῶν, ὅ. ἡμιόνων γένοςRefs; also, from whom or which, ὅθεν περ Ὁμηρίδαι ἄρχονται, Διὸς ἐκ προοιμίου Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅθεν δή Refs 8th c.BC+ __b in Attic dialect Prose, ὅθεν δή from whatever source, in what manner soever, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἄλλοθεν ὁθενοῦν from any other place whatsoever, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 for where or whither, by attraction, when the antecedent clause contains a notion of place whence, ἐκ δὲ γῆς, ὅ. προὔκειτ᾽ from the ground where it lay, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ... ἀπέλιπες, ἀποκρίνου answer [from the point] where you left off, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅθεν, ={ἐκεῖσε ὅθεν}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅθεν περ, ={ἐκεῖθεν ὅθεν περ}, Refs __II whence, for which reason, σφυρῶν.. κέντρα διαπείρας μέσον, ὅ. νιν Ἑλλὰς ὠνόμαζεν Οἰδίπουν Refs 5th c.BC+; for what reason, Refs 5th c.BC+

† אֵיפֹה (from אַי & פֹּה here) adv. 1. where? Gn 37:16 1 S 19:22 2 S 9:4 Is 49:21 Je 3:2 Jb 4:7; 38:4 Ru 2:19; in indirect sentence Je 36:19 (less common than אַיֵּה, used of persons [contrast אֵי־זֶה] and with a verb [contrast אַיֵּה]). 2. of what kind? (qualis?) only Ju 8:18.

που, Ionic dialect κου, Aeolic dialect ποι Refs 7th c.BC+:—enclitic adverb anywhere, somewhere, Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently with other Advs. of Place, οὐχ ἑκάς π. somewhere not far off, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+ in some part there of the fields, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐμβαλεῖν π. (perhaps ποι) τῆς χώρας some part of the country, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II without reference to Place, in some degree, καί πού τι Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently to qualify an expression, perhaps, I suppose, Refs 8th c.BC+; added to introductory Particles, οὕτω π... Refs 8th c.BC+; ἤν π., εἰ μή π., Refs 5th c.BC+: attached to single words to limit their significance, πάντως κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τί π. δράσει; what in the world? Refs 5th c.BC+; with numerals, ἔτεα τρία καὶ δέκα κ. μάλιστα about thirteen years, Refs 5th c.BC+ denies with indignation or wonder, surely it cannot be.., οὔ τί π. οὗτος Ἀπόλλων Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ δήπου adds a shade of suspicion, οὐ δήπου Στράτω; Refs 5th c.BC+: for δήπου, ἦπου, (see entry).—In late writers LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+ take the place of ποῖ, ποι, with Verbs of motion, as in Engl. where for whither? This idiom (condemned by Refs 2nd c.AD+ is found occasionally in early authors, ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ οἴχοντα; Refs 8th c.BC+; but in pure Attic dialect only as falsa lectio for{ποῖ},{ποι}.

† אֱהִי Ho. 13:10, 14(×2) adv. where? = אֵי, אַיֵּה. So 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 AW in Ho 13:10, & 𝔊 𝔖 (cf. 1 Cor 15:55) AW in Ho 13:14. Taken by many of the older interpreters, and even by Ges in 13:14, as 1 s. impf. apoc. of היה I would be: but this is less suited to the context, and the jussive form is an objection, being unusual with the 1 ps.

† אֵיכוֹ 2 K 6:13 Qr where? v. אֵיכָה 3.