Holiness and Sanctity

קֹ֫דֶשׁ469 n.m. apartness, sacredness (opp. חֹל Lv 10:10 + 4 times Ez);—abs. ק׳ Ex 3:5 +; קוֹדֶשׁ Dn 11:30; cstr. קֹדֶשׁ Ex 30:36 +; sf. קָדְשִׁי Lv 20:3 +, etc.; pl. קָֽדָשִׁים Ex 29:37 +, הַקֳּדָשִׁים 26:33 +; cstr. קָדְשֵׁי Lv 22:15 +; sf. קָֽדָשַׁי Ez 22:8 + 3 times, קֳדָשֶׁיךָ †Dt 12:26, קֳדָשָׁיו Nu 5:10; 2 K 12:19, קָֽדָשָׁיו †2 Ch 15:18, etc.;— 1. apartness, sacredness, holiness, of God: a. of divine activity, syn. majesty, בַּקֹּדֶשׁ (of victory), Ex 15:11 (song) ψ 68:18; 77:14; זְרוֹעַ ק׳ holy arm Is 52:10 ψ 98:1. b. to attest his word as inviolable נשׁבע בק׳ Am 4:2 ψ 89:36; cf. דִּבְרֵי ק׳ Je 23:9, דְּבַר ק׳ ψ 105:42. c. of his name as sacred, inviolable, separate from all defilement, etc.: שֵׁם קָדְשִׁי Lv 20:3; 22:2, 32 (P), Am 2:7 1 Ch 16:10, 35; 29:16 + 9 times Ez, 5 times ψψ; זֵכֶר ק׳ ψ 30:5 = 97:12; and so d. רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ his holy Spirit Is 63:10, 11, cf. ψ 51:13. 2. of places set apart as sacred by God’s presence: †a. heavenly abode; מעון ק׳ Dt 26:15 Je 25:30; Zc 2:17; 2 Ch 30:27 ψ 68:6; הֵיכַל ק׳ Mi 1:2; Hb 2:20; Jon 2:5, 8 ψ 11:4; מְרוֹם ק׳ ψ 102:20; זְבֻל ק׳ Is 63:15; שְׁמֵי ק׳ ψ 20:7 כסּא ק׳ 47:9; בְּקָדְשׁוֹ 150:1. †b. on earth: אַדְמַת ק׳ Ex 3:5 (E), cf. Jos 5:15 (JE) 2 Ch 8:11; הַר קם אלהים Ez 28:14 (cf. p. 249 b). c. (only P and Ch) the tabernacle and its courts Ex 40:9 Nu 3:28 +; tabernacle by itself Ex 38:24; Lv 10:4 +; court Lv 10:17, 18 + (so קדשׁ הקדשׁים †Nu 18:10); the outer room (specific designation; הַקּ׳) Ex 26:33; 28:29 +; inner room Lv 4:6; 16:2 +, but specif. design. קדשׁ הקדשׁים Ex 26:33, 34; 1 Ch 6:34; שֶׁקֶל הק׳ shekel of the sanctuary Ex 30:13 + 24 times P. d. the temple and its precincts 2 Ch 29:7; Dn 8:13 +; שָׂרֵי ק׳ Is 43:28; 1 Ch 24:5; דבּר בְּקָדְשׁוֹ ψ 60:8 = 108:8 (oracle; al. by his holiness, as נשׁבעתי בקדשׁי 89:36), temple by itself 2 Ch 29:5; †בית (ה)ק׳ Is 64:10; 1 Ch 29:3; †הֵיכַל קדשׁך ψ 5:8 = 138:2, 79:1; הַקּ׳ outer room 1 K 8:10 = 2 Ch 5:11; courts of priests Ez 42:14; 44:27(×2); †חצרות קדשׁי Is 62:9; inner room Ez 41:21, 23, specif. †דְּבִיר קדשׁך ψ 28:2; †קדשׁ הקדשׁים 1 K 6:16; 7:50; 8:6; 2 Ch 3:8, 10; 4:22; 5:7; Ez 41:4; †לִשְׁכוֹת הַקּ׳ Ez 42:13; 44:19; 46:19 (v. לִשְׁכָּה 1 c). †e. Jerus. and its hills: מקום קדשׁו Ezr 9:8, עיר הק׳ Is 48:2; 52:1; Ne 11:1, 18, ע׳ קדשׁך Dn 9:24, הר (ה)ק׳ Is 11:9 + 6 times Is 2:3; Je 31:23; Ez 20:40 Jo 2:1; 4:17; Ob 16; Zp 3:11; Zc 8:3; Dn 9:16, 20; 11:45 + 6 times ψψ; גְּבוּל ק׳ ψ 78:54, הַרֲרֵי ק׳ 87:1 prob. also 110:3, ק׳ of city and suburbs in Mess. future Je 31:40 Jo 4:17. Cf. f. (ה)קדשׁ of Zion Ob 17 ψ 20:3; 24:3; 63:3; 68:25, ק׳ קדשׁים Ez 43:12; נְוֵה ק׳ Ex 15:13 of Zion (or Shiloh). g. of holy land Zp 3:4, אדמת הק׳ Zc 2:16, עָרֵי קדשׁך Is 64:9; future portion of priests ק׳ Ez 45:1(×2) + 11 times Ez; קדשׁ קדשׁים Ez 45:3; 48:12; of Levites קדשׁ Ez 48:14. 3. things consecrated at sacred places: a. furniture of tabern. †קדשׁ (ה)קדשׁים Ex 30:10, 29; Nu 4:4, 19; altar of burnt-offering Ex 29:37; 40:10; Dn 9:24; ארון הק׳ 2 Ch 35:3. b. sacrifices of animals Nu 18:17; Ez 36:38; 2 Ch 29:33; sacrificial food Lv 21:22; Nu 5:9 +; †קדשׁ (ה)קדשׁים Lv 2:3, 10; 6:10, 18, 22; 7:1, 6; 10:12, 17; 14:13; Nu 18:9(×2) (all P), Ez 42:13(×2) 2 Ch 31:14 Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65; tithe was קדשׁ Lv 27:30 +, also first loaves of new harvest Lv 23:20; fruit of trees of 4th year Lv 19:24. c. any consecrated thing: ‖ vows Dt 12:26; Pr 20:25 +, house Lv 27:14, field Lv 27:21, 23; treasures consecrated to treasury of tabern. or temple Jos 6:19 (E) 1 K 7:51 +; consecrated things in gen. Ex 28:38 (P); Ez 20:40; 22:8 +; these may be †קדשׁ (ה)קדשׁים Ez 44:13, so חֵרֶם Lv 27:28. d. anointing oil of priest Ex 30:25(×2) + 5 times (P), ψ 89:21; incense Ex 30:35, 37, ק׳ קדשׁים v 36; shew-bread 1 S 21:5, קדשׁ (ה)ק׳ Lv 24:9 (P); foretold of common articles, ק׳ לי׳ Zc 14:20, 21. On ק׳ הקדשׁים v. also Di Ex 26:33; Lv 21:22 WeComp. 160 f. Dr Dn 9:24. 4. persons sacred by connex. with sacred places: a. priests Lv 21:6; 2 Ch 23:6; 31:18 Ezr 8:28, garments of priesthood Ex 28:2, 4 + 7 times Ex, Lv 16:4, 32 Ez 42:14, specif. of h. priest כתנת ק׳ Lv 16:4, נֵזֶר הק׳ Ex 29:6; 39:30 Lv 8:9; inscription on head piece קדשׁ ליהוה Ex 28:36; 39:30. b. of Israel, קדשׁ לי׳ Je 2:3, היתה לקדשׁו ψ 114:2, עם (ה)קדשׁ Is 62:12; Dn 12:7, עם קדשׁך Is 63:18; (ה)קדשׁ זֶרַע Is 6:13; Ezr 9:2; אַנְשֵׁי קדשׁ Ex 22:30 (R), and so spoil for their use Is 23:18; holy adornment הַדְרַת ק׳ 1 Ch 16:29; 2 Ch 20:21 ψ 29:2; 96:9; הַדְרֵי ק׳ ψ 110:3 (but read הַרְרֵי see 2 e; הָדָר 1); covt. between God and his people ברית ק׳ Dn 11:28, 30(×2). 5. times consecrated to worship: שׁבת Ex 16:23; 31:14, 15; 35:2 (P) Ne 9:14; of שׁבת also יום ק׳ Is 58:13; disting. from שׁבת Ne 10:32; יובל Lv 25:12 (P); assembly called at stated times for worship מקרא(י) ק׳ Ex 12:16(×2) + 17 times Lv 23 Nu 28 (all P). †6. of things and persons ceremonially cleansed, and so separated as sacred; things 1 S 21:6; flesh Je 11:15; Mal 2:11; priests cleanse thus, 1 Ch 23:13, 28; בין (ה)קדשׁ לחל Ez 22:26; 42:20; 44:23; בין הק׳ ובין החל Lv 10:10; דֶּרֶךְ הק׳ Is 35:8 way of the clean; שְׂאוּ יְדֵכֶם ק׳ ψ 134:2; לְבֵיתְךָ נֵאֲוָה־קּ׳ ψ 93:5.— Note. מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ Dt 33:2 is lit. from myriads of sacredness, sacred myriads; but ‖ suggests n.pr.loc., 𝔊 σὺν μυριάσιν Καδής, מִמְּרִבַת קָדֵשׁ from Meribah Kadesh Di Buhl Steuern.; or (מִן om.) to M. Kadesh WeProl. 364; 3rd ed. 359; Hist. 344; v. קָדֵשׁ²" dir="rtl" >קָדֵשׁ and Dr Dt.

ἅγιος [ᾰ], α, ον, devoted to the gods: __I in good sense, sacred, holy: __I.1 of things, especially temples, ἈΦροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅ.Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱρο᾽ν Ἡρακλέος ἅ.Refs 5th c.BC+; μητρός.. ἐστι πατρὶς ἁγιώτερονRefs 4th c.BC+; ἅ., τό, temple, LXX+NTHoly of Holies, NT __I.2 of persons, holy, pure, LXX+5th c.BC+ οἱ ἅ. the Saints, NT πνεῦμα ἅ. the Holy Spirit, NT adverb ἁγίως καὶ σεμνῶς ἔχεινRefs 5th c.BC+ __II in bad sense, accursed, execrable, Refs 8th c.BC+; rare in Attic dialect (see. above). (Possibly cognate with Sanskrit yajati 'sacrifice'.)

† קָדַשׁ vb. denom. be set apart, consecrated (Gerber238 ff.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ Ex 29:21; sf. קְדַשְׁתִּיךָ Is 65:5; 3 mpl. קָדֵ֑שׁוּ Nu 17:2; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְדַּשׁ 1 S 21:6; יִקְדָּ֑שׁ Ex 29:37 +, etc.;— 1. be set apart, consecrated, hallowed, of shew-bread 1 S 21:6 (dub. passage, but cf. especially RSSem. i. 436; 2nd ed. 455 [also DrSm. 293], who proposes יְקֻדַּשׁ); Aaron and his sons by blood Ex 29:21 (P); other persons Is 65:5 (Di; but Pi. Gei RSSem. i, 431; 2nd ed. 451 Che Du Buhl). 2. be hallowed, by contact with sacred things, and so tabooed from profane use, or forfeited to sanctuary Ex 29:37; 30:29 Lv 6:11, 20; Nu 17:2, 3 (P), Hg 2:12. 3. consecrated, tabooed (supr.) Dt 22:9 (law against mixtures). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִקְדַּשׁ Is 5:16 Ex 29:43, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקָּדֵשׁ Nu 20:13; 1 s. אֶקָּדֵשׁ Lv 10:3; Inf. cstr. sf. הִקָּֽדְשִׁי Ez 36:23; 38:16;— 1. shew oneself sacred, majestic: c. בְּ pers., + לְעֵינֵי Ez 20:41; 28:25; 36:23; 38:16; 39:27; c. בְּ Is 5:16 Ez 28:22, cf. Nu 20:13 (P). 2. be honoured or treated as sacred ‖ נכבד Lv 10:3 (P); opp. חלּל שׁם Lv 22:32 (P). 3. be consecrated, dedicated, by כבוד י׳ Ex 29:43 (P). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. קִדַּשׁ Nu 6:11 1 K 8:64, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְקַדֵּשׁ Gn 2:3 +, etc.; Imv. ms. קַדֵּשׁ Jos 7:13; קַדֶּשׁ־ Ex 13:2, etc.; Inf. cstr. קַדֵּשׁ Ex 29:1 +, etc.; Pt. מְקַדֵּשׁ Ex 37:28; sf. מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם Ex 31:13 +, etc.;— 1. set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate: a. places: Sinai Ex 19:23 (J), altar, etc., Ex 29:36, 37; 30:29 (P), tabern., etc. Ex 40:9, 10, 11 Lv 8:10, 11, 15; Nu 7:1(×2) (P); tent of meeting Ex 29:44 (P); place of sacrifice 1 K 8:64 = 2 Ch 7:7; gate Ne 3:1(×2);—Ez 7:24 v. מִקְדָּשׁ²" dir="rtl" >מִקְדָּשׁ infr. b. wave-offering Ex 29:27 (P). c. persons: priests Ex 28:3, 41; 29:1, 33, 44; 30:30; 40:13; Lv 8:12, 30; firstborn Ex 13:2 (P); keepers of ark 1 S 7:1. †d. 7th day (by God) Gn 2:3; Ex 20:11 (P). 2. observe as holy, keep sacred: feasts, Sabbath Ex 20:8 = Dt 5:12 (Decal.), Je 17:22, 24, 27; Ez 20:20; 44:24; Ne 13:22; fast Jo 1:14; 2:15; year of Jubilee Lv 25:10 (P); so עצרה לבעל 2 K 10:20. 3. honour as sacred, hallow: a. God Dt 32:51, his name Ez 36:23. b. priest Lv 21:8 (H). 4. consecrate by purification: a. places, house of י׳ 2 Ch 29:5, 17(×2), altar מִטֻּמְאֹה, Lv 16:19. b. people העם Jos 7:13 (J), Ez 44:19; 46:20; by washing Ex 19:10, 14 (E); קהל for fast Jo 2:16; Nazirite Nu 6:11 (P), sons of Job Jb 1:5; family for sacrif. 1 S 16:5. c. war, or warriors, from custom of opening campaign by sacrifice, (עַל) ק׳ מִלְחָמָה Je 6:4 Jo 4:9 Mi 3:5; Je 22:7; 51:27, 28. d. of God, keeping his people pure and sacred: אני יהוה מְקַדֵּשׁ Ex 31:13; Lv 20:8; 21:8, 15, 23; 22:9, 16, 32 (H); Ez 20:12; 37:28. Pu. Pt. מְקֻדָּשׁ Ez 48:11, etc.;—consecrated, dedicated: priests 2 Ch 26:18 Ez 48:11 (read pl.), things 2 Ch 31:6, feasts Ezr 3:5, warriors Is 13:3. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִקְדִּישׁ Zp 1:7 +, etc.; Impf. יַקְדִּישׁ Lv 27:16 + 4 times, יַקְדִּשׁ Lv 27:14, etc.; Imv. sf. הַקְדִּשֵׁם Je 12:3; Inf. abs. הַקְדֵּשׁ Ju 17:3; cstr. הַקְדִּישׁ 2 Ch 2:3 +, etc.; Pt. מַקְדִּישׁ Lv 27:15 +, etc. 1. set apart, devote, consecrate: a. places, temple 2 Ch 2:3, city Jos 20:7 (P). b. things Ex 28:38 Lv 22:2, 3 (P); 2 K 12:19; 1 Ch 23:13; 26:26, 27, 28(×2); Ne 12:47 (×2); money Ju 17:3(×2); spoil 2 S 8:11(×2) = 1 Ch 18:11; field Lv 27:16, 17, 18, 19, 22 (H); house Lv 27:14, 15 (H); firstlings Dt 15:19 (D) Lv 27:26 (H). c. of God: consecrate temple 1 K 9:3, 7 = 2 Ch 7:16; 20, 2 Ch 30:8; 36:14; prophet Je 1:5; firstborn Nu 3:18; 8:17 (P); devote wicked (as sheep) for sacrifice Je 12:3. 2. regard, or treat, as sacred, hallow: God Is 8:13; 29:23(×2); + לְעֵינֵי pers. Nu 20:12; 27:14. 3. consecrate by purification: vessels 2 Ch 29:19; persons for passover 30:17; guests for sacrif. feast Zp 1:7 (God subj.). Hithp. Pf. 1 s. הִתְקַדִּשְׁתִּי Ez 38:23, 2 mpl. (consec.) -דִּשְׁתֶּם Lv 11:44; 20:7, 3 pl. הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ 2 Ch 5:11; 30:17, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִתְקַדְּשׁוּ 2 Ch 29:34 +; יִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ Ex 19:22; Imv. mpl. הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ Nu 11:18 +; הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ Jos 3:5; Inf. cstr. הִתְקַדֵּשׁ 2 Ch 29:34; הִתְקַדֶּשׁ־ Is 30:29; Pt. fs. מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת 2 S 11:4; pl. מִתְקַדְּשִׁים Is 66:17;— 1. keep oneself apart from unclean things Lv 11:44; 20:7 (P). 2. of God, cause himself to be hallowed, לְעֵינֵי גּוֹיִם Ez 38:23. 3. be observed as holy, of feast Is 30:29. 4. consecrate oneself by purification, of priests and Levites Ex 19:22 (J); 1 Ch 15:12, 14; 2 Ch 5:11; 29:5, 15, 34(×2) 30:3, 15, 24; 31:18; 35:6; of people Nu 11:18; Jos 3:5; 7:13 (J); 1 S 16:5; 2 Ch 30:17; Is 66:17; woman 2 S 11:4 she having (just) purified herself מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ RSK. 276 Dr HPS.

† קָדוֹשׁ adj. sacred, holy;—abs. ק׳ Ex 19:6 +; קָדשׁ Ex 29:31 +; cstr. קְדוֹשׁ Is 1:4 +; קְדשׁ Is 49:7 + 2 times; sf. קְדשִׁי Hb 1:12; קְדוֹשׁוֹ Is 10:17; 49:7 קְדוֹשְׁכֶם Is 43:15; pl. קְדוֹשִׁים Ho 12:1 + 2 times, קְדשִׁים Lv 11:44 + 16 times; sf. קְדשָׁיו Dt 33:3 ψ 34:10, קְדשָׁו֯ Jb 15:15;— 1. of God, as separate, apart, and so sacred, holy: a. exalted on theophanic throne Is 6:3(×3), ψ 22:4; heavenly throne Is 57:15; in victory 5:16 1 S 2:2 ψ 99:3 (‖ נוֹרָא), v 5, 9; ק׳ וְנוֹרָא שְׁמוֹ 111:9. b. separate from human infirmity, impurity, and sin: Jos 24:19 (E), 1 S 6:20 Hb 1:12; כי קדושׁ אני Lv 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:26; 21:8 (H); קדושׁ בְּקִרְבְּךָ Ho 11:9; ק׳ בישׂראל Ez 39:7. c. קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל = divine name (originating from trisagion, Is 6:3) Is 1:4; 5:19, 24; 10:20; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19; 30:11, 12, 15; 31:1; Is 2 41:14, 16, 20; 43:3, 14; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 54:5; 55:5; 60:9, 14 elsewhere only 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23, Je 50:29; 51:5 ψ 71:22; 78:41; 89:19; ק׳ יעקב Is 29:23, קְדוֹשׁוֹ 10:17; 49:7, קְדוֹשְׁכֶם 43:15; קָדוֹשׁ 40:25 Hb 3:3; Jb 6:10, pl. intens. קד(ו)שׁים Ho 12:1; Pr 9:10; 30:3. 2. a. of place, sacred, holy, chambers of priests Ez 42:13, camp of Isr. Dt 23:15, + מָרוֹם of heaven Is 57:15 (but of י׳ Du Ry, and [reading בְּק׳ as holy, ב essent.] Klo Che Marti); in foll. (often defect.) pointing dub., read prob. קֹדֶשׁ 2: מק(ו)ם ק׳ of the court of tabernacle, Ex 29:31 Lv 6:9, 19, 20; 7:6; 10:13; 16:24; 24:9 (P), of Jerusalem Ec 8:10; ק׳ מִשְׁכְּנֵי עליון ψ 46:5; ק׳ הֵיכָלֶ֑ךָ 65:5. b. persons: priests Lv 21:7, 8; Nu 16:5, 7 (P), Aaron ψ 106:16, Levites 2 Ch 35:3, prophet 2 K 4:9, Nazirite Nu 6:5, 8 (P), Isr. גּוֹי ק׳ Ex 19:6 (E), עם ק׳ Dt 7:6; 14:2, 21; 26:19; 28:9; כָּל־הָעֵדָה Nu 16:3 (P); remnant in Jerus. Is 4:3; קדשׁים sacred Lv 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:7, 26; 21:6; Nu 15:40; קדשׁים sacred ones, saints Dt 33:3 (song), ψ 16:3; 34:10 Dn 8:24. c. angels, ψ 89:6, 8 Jb 5:1; 15:15; Zc 14:5 Dn 8:13(×2). d. מים קדשׁים Nu 5:17 holy water. e. time הַיּוֹם ק׳ (לי׳) Ne 8:9, 10, 11; קְדוֹשׁ י׳ Is 58:13, of Sabbath.—(Cf. Biblical Aramaic קַדִּישׁ).

מִקְדָּשׁ74 n.m. Am 7:9 sacred place, sanctuary;—מ׳ Ex 25:8 +; מִקְדָשׁ 15:17 (Ges§ 20 h Köii. 1, 471); cstr. מִקְּדַּשׁ Lv 16:23 +; sf. מִקְדָּשִׁי Lv 20:3 +, etc., מִקְדְּשׁוֹ Nu 18:29 (Köii 1, 97); pl. מִקְדָּשִׁים Ez 21:7, cstr. מִקְדְּשֵׁי Je 51:51 + 2 times; sf. מִקְדָּשַׁי Lv 21:23; מְקַדְשֵׁיהֶם Ez 7:24 (on anomalous pointing v. Ew§ 215 a Hi-Sm; but prob. Pi. Pt. was in mind, Ges§ 9300 Anm.; מִקְדְּשֵׁיהֶם); etc.;— 1. old Isr. sanctuaries: of י׳ at Schechem Jos 24:26 (E); prob. also Ex 15:17 (i.e. Shiloh); pl. of sanct. to be destroyed by י׳ Lv 26:31 (H); מִקְדְּשֵׁי יִשׂ׳ in N. Isr. Am 7:9; מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ v 13 (Bethel). 2. of the nations: Moab Is 16:12 pl. of Tyre Ez 28:18 (Co Toy [not Berthol Krae] read קָדְשְׁךָ thy sanctity). 3. tabernacle and its precincts Ex 25:8 (P) +; מִקְדַּשׁ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Lv 16:33, pl. 21:23. 4. temple and precincts 1 Ch 22:19 Is 63:18 ψ 74:7 +; בֵּית מִקְדָּשָׁם 2 Ch 36:17, מקדשׁ הבית Ez 48:21, מְבוֹן מ׳ Dn 8:11; pl. of many sacred places in and about the temple, מִקְדְּשֵׁי בית י׳ Je 51:51; מִקְדְּשֵׁי אֵל ψ 73:17. Doubtful are: מִמִּקְדָּשֶׁיךָ ψ 68:36 (𝔊 ἐν τοῖς ὁσίοις αὐτοῦ; 𝔙 de sanctuario; SS מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑ךָ); מִקְדָּשִׁים Ez 21:7 (𝔊 Co Berthol Buhl מִקְדָּשָׁם; Toy Krae מִקְדָּשֶׁיהָ; ‖ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ); וּמִקְדָּשׁ לַמִּקְדָּשׁ Ez 45:4b (Co, after 𝔊, מִפְקָד לְקָדְשָׁם [לְבָֽתֵּי]; Toy וּלְמִגְרָשִׁים [לְבָֽתִּים], cf. Krae לְמִגְרָשׁ). 5. י׳ will become לְמ׳ for his people Ez 11:16 (BrMP 268), so appar. Is 8:14 (but gloss Du CheHpt Marti; Lag Sem. i. 16 מִקָּשׁ i. e. stumbling-block [he cp. Syriac ܢܩܰܫ strike]). 6. of י׳’s future sanct., מ׳ בתוכם לעולם Ez 37:26, 28.—(מִמֶּנּוּ) אֶת־מִקְדְּשׁוֹ (מִכָּל־חֶלְבּוֹ) Nu 18:29 even the hallowed part thereof AV RV, but this not the meaning of מ׳; Ew§ 255 c assumes מַקְדֵּשׁ* in this sense; קָדְשׁוֹ (v. קֹדֶשׁ 3 d), מִ being dittogr.

† נֵ֫זֶר n.m. ψ 132:18 consecration, crown, Naziriteship;—נ׳ abs. 2 S 1:10 +; cstr. Ex 29:6 +; sf. נִזְרוֹ ψ 89:40 +, נִזְרֵךְ Je 7:29;— 1. crown (sign of consecration; WeSkizzen iii. 118 cp. Syriac קדשא [ܩܕܳܫܳܐ], earring; v. also GeiJüd. Zeitschr. x. 45. ff. on נֶוֶם): a. of kg. 2 S 1:10 2 K 11:12 = 2 Ch 23:11; symbol of royal power ψ 89:40; 132:18; cf. Pr 27:24; אַבְנֵי נ׳ Zc 9:16 stones of a crown, diadem (prob.; > We Now—who del., cf. GASm—stones of charming, from use of precious stones as charms. b. of high priest, נ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Ex 29:6, made of gold 39:30 Lv 8:9 (all P). 2. woman’s hair (orig. prob. of long hair as sign of consecration, as in Nazirite vow, cf. Nu 6:19 infr., and נָזִיר, also WeSkizzen iii. 117, 167; Arab. Heidenthum 2, p. 143 RSSem i. 464, 2d ed. 483), Je 7:29 (of personif. Jerus.). 3. consecration a. of h. p. נ׳ שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת א׳ עליו Lv 21:12 (P) the consecration of the oil of anointing of his God is upon him. b. in Nu 6 (P), specif. of Nazirite consecration (cf. נָזִיר): נ׳ אֱלֹהָיו עָלָיו Nu 6:7, נֶדֶר נִזְרוֹ v 5, טָמֵא נ׳ v 12, רֹאֹשׁ נ׳ (because of unshorn hair) v 9, 18(×2), יְמֵי נ׳ (כָּל־) v 4, 8, 12, 13, תּוֹרַת נ׳ v 21 b cf. עַל־נ׳ v 21 a; in v 19 נ׳ = the hair of his consecration (cf. Je 7:29 supr.).

† I. דְּבִיר n.m. (cf. Arabic دُبُرٌ back, دَبْرٌ part behind) hindmost chamber, innermost room of the temple of Solomon = קדשׁ הקדשׁים holy of holies, most holy place, the place of the ark and the cherubic images, the throne-room of Yahweh 1 K 6:5, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 31; 7:49 (= 2 Ch 4:20) 8:6, 8 (= 2 Ch 5:7, 9) 2 Ch 3:16 ψ 28:2. Prob. read דְּבִיר 2 K 10:25 also, for MT עִיר; so Klo after 𝔊L. (It is translated oracle in AV RV after Aq Sym χρηματιστήριον, 𝔙 oraculum, on the incorrect theory that it was derived from דִּבֶּר speak.)

† קַדִּישׁ adj. holy;—abs. ק׳ Dn 4:10, 20; pl. שִׁין 4:5 +, cstr. -שֵׁי 7:18 +;—gods Dn 4:5, 6, 15; 5:11; as subst., of angels 4:10, 14, 20; of Isr. (as holy ones, saints) 7:21, 22, קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין saints of the Most High v 18, 22, 25, 27.

ὅσι-ος, α, ον, also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— hallowed, i. e. sanctioned or allowed by the law of God or of nature, δίκη Refs 6th c.BC+; οὐχ ὅ. unhallowed, ὕβρις Refs 5th c.BC+ —The sense of ὅσιος often depends on its relation on the one hand to δίκαιος (sanctioned by human law), on the other to ἱερός (sacred to the gods): __1 opposed to δίκαιος, sanctioned by divine law, hallowed, holy (μόριον τοῦ δικαίου τὸ ὅ. Refs 5th c.BC+ things of human and divine ordinance, Refs 5th c.BC+; θεοὺς ὅσιόν τι δρᾶν discharge a duty men owe the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ὅσιον, ={εὐσέβεια}, Refs 5th c.BC+: in an imprecatory formula, ἀποδοῦσι μὲν αὐτοῖς ὅσια ᾖ, μὴ ἀποδοῦσι δὲ ἀνόσια Refs __2 opposed to ἱερός, permitted or not forbidden by divine law, profane, ἱερὰ καὶ ὅ. things sacred and profane, ἐς ὀλιγωρίαν ἐτράποντο καὶ ἱερῶν καὶ ὁ. ὁμοίως Refs 5th c.BC+; κοσμεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ τοῖς ὁ. with sacred and profane buildings, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὅ. χωρίον a lawful place (for giving birth to a child), Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσιόν ἐστι followed by infinitive, it is lawful, not forbidden by any law, Refs 5th c.BC+nefas est, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ὅσιον ποιεῦμαι I deem it impious, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐδὲ ὅσια (i.e. ἐστι).. μιαίνειν Refs 5th c.BC+.α; λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, pious, devout, religious, ἄνδρες Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. θιασῶται, μύσται, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀνόσιος, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐπίορκος, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσιος εἴς τινα, περὶ ξένους, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 sinless, pure, ἐξ ὁ. στομάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. ἔστω καὶ εὐαγής Legal Solonis cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ in regard to the sacred rites of his forefathers, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὅσιαι χέρες pure, clean hands, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 rarely of the gods, holy, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.4 title of five special priests at Delphi, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.5 οἱ ὅσιοι 'the saints', LXX __III adverb ὁσίως Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ. ἂν ὑμῖν ἔχοι τοῦτον θύειν.. it would be right for you that he should.., Refs 5th c.BC+participle, ὁ. ἂν ἔχοι αὐτῷ μὴ δεχομένῳ.. Refs: comparative -ώτερονRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative, ὡς -ώτατα διαβιῶναι τὸν βίον Refs 8th c.BC+

ἱερός (for ἱερὸν see. III.2), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase ἱερὸς ἀκτή Refs 8th c.BC+: Ionic dialect and poetry ἱρός, ή, όν (see. entry near the end): Doric dialect and N. Greek ἱᾰρός Refs: Aeolic dialect ἶρος Refs 7th c.BC+, but ἴαρος (correlated from ἴερ-) Refs 7th c.BC+: superlative ἱερώτατος Refs 5th c.BC+ __I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, Refs 8th c.BC+; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Refs 8th c.BC+; λιβάς, of the Spercheus, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perhaps = ἵπποι) Refs 8th c.BC+; ὕπνος, of death, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II of divine things, holy, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Refs 8th c.BC+; δόσις the gift of God, Refs; πόλεμος holy war, 'crusade', Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated, βωμοί Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena,Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ἱ. γράμματα of the “Holy Scriptures”, NT; ἱ. βύβλοι Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, Refs 1st c.BC+; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Refs 8th c.BC+; of the Roman Tribunes,= Latin sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος Refs 1st c.AD+; of Augustus, Refs; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἱ. λόγος legend, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, Refs 4th c.BC+ see entry ; opposed to βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare ὅσιος. __II.3 under divine protection, frequently of places, Ἴλιος Refs 8th c.BC+; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, Refs 8th c.BC+; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατονRefs; with genitive of a human being, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι Refs __II.3.b of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, Refs 5th c.BC+; with genitive of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.c under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων Refs 2nd c.AD+, etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), Refs 1st c.AD+: generally, worshipful, ἱ. σύνοδος Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III as substantive, __III.1 ἱερά, Ionic dialect ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέξας Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.1.b after Refs 8th c.BC+, omens afforded by sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.1.c generally, sacred objects or rites, Refs 5th c.BC+; of cult-images, IG Rom.Refs __III.2 after Refs 8th c.BC+, ἱερόν, Ionic dialect ἱρόν, τό, holy place, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to νηός, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. Refs 5th c.BC+; of the Jewish temple, LXX+2nd c.BC+ __III.3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 ἱερός, ὁ (i.e. μήν), name of month at Delos, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III.5 ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, Refs 1st c.BC+, etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, Refs __III.5.b ={ἱερόδουλος}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV special phrases, post-Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV.1 proverbial, ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV.2 ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.3 ἱ. βοτάνη, see at {βοτάνη}. __IV.4 ἱ. (i.e. γραμμή) Refs, last line of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ᾽ ἴρας.. λίθον Refs 7th c.BC+; τὴν ἀφ᾽ ἱερᾶς (variant{τὴν ἱεράν}) Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV.5 ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.6 ἱ. λόχος, see at {λόχος}. __IV.7 ἱερά (i.e. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), Refs 6th c.AD+ 'divide the honours', Refs 2nd c.BC+ __IV.8 ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, Refs 5th c.BC+ see entry ; and that from Elis to Olympia, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV.10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.11 ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.12 ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV.13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.14 frequently in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, Refs 1st c.BC+; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, Refs; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, Refs 5th c.BC+; one of the insulae Aegates, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __V adverb -ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν variant in Refs 8th c.BC+; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hexameters, Refs 3rd c.BC+; also in compounds ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: ῑ always in contraction form ἱρός which is used in Epic dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+, and some Ionic dialect inscriptions, as Refs 7th c.BC+, but is rarely found in codices of Refs 5th c.BC+; also in Trag., Refs 4th c.BC+

ἱερο-πρεπής, ές, bseeming a sacred place, person or matter, ὄνομα Refs 5th c.BC+; τέχνη, of cookery, Refs 4th c.BC+; of persons, -έστατος τῶν προγεγενημένων NT+5th c.BC+. adverb -πῶςRefs 4th c.BC+

Included with: ὅσι-ος, α, ον, also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— hallowed, i. e. sanctioned or allowed by the law of God or of nature, δίκη Refs 6th c.BC+; οὐχ ὅ. unhallowed, ὕβρις Refs 5th c.BC+ —The sense of ὅσιος often depends on its relation on the one hand to δίκαιος (sanctioned by human law), on the other to ἱερός (sacred to the gods): __1 opposed to δίκαιος, sanctioned by divine law, hallowed, holy (μόριον τοῦ δικαίου τὸ ὅ. Refs 5th c.BC+ things of human and divine ordinance, Refs 5th c.BC+; θεοὺς ὅσιόν τι δρᾶν discharge a duty men owe the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ὅσιον, ={εὐσέβεια}, Refs 5th c.BC+: in an imprecatory formula, ἀποδοῦσι μὲν αὐτοῖς ὅσια ᾖ, μὴ ἀποδοῦσι δὲ ἀνόσια Refs __2 opposed to ἱερός, permitted or not forbidden by divine law, profane, ἱερὰ καὶ ὅ. things sacred and profane, ἐς ὀλιγωρίαν ἐτράποντο καὶ ἱερῶν καὶ ὁ. ὁμοίως Refs 5th c.BC+; κοσμεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ τοῖς ὁ. with sacred and profane buildings, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὅ. χωρίον a lawful place (for giving birth to a child), Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσιόν ἐστι followed by infinitive, it is lawful, not forbidden by any law, Refs 5th c.BC+nefas est, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ὅσιον ποιεῦμαι I deem it impious, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐδὲ ὅσια (i.e. ἐστι).. μιαίνειν Refs 5th c.BC+.α; λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, pious, devout, religious, ἄνδρες Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. θιασῶται, μύσται, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀνόσιος, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐπίορκος, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσιος εἴς τινα, περὶ ξένους, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 sinless, pure, ἐξ ὁ. στομάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ. ἔστω καὶ εὐαγής Legal Solonis cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ in regard to the sacred rites of his forefathers, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὅσιαι χέρες pure, clean hands, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 rarely of the gods, holy, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.4 title of five special priests at Delphi, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.5 οἱ ὅσιοι 'the saints', LXX __III adverb ὁσίως Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ. ἂν ὑμῖν ἔχοι τοῦτον θύειν.. it would be right for you that he should.., Refs 5th c.BC+participle, ὁ. ἂν ἔχοι αὐτῷ μὴ δεχομένῳ.. Refs: comparative -ώτερονRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative, ὡς -ώτατα διαβιῶναι τὸν βίον Refs 8th c.BC+