Gazing and Looking

† [נָבַט] vb.Pi., Hiph. look (NH Pi. id.; Arabic نَبَطَ is well or issue forth (of water). Assyrian nabâṭu is shine DlHWB 443; Sab. epith. נבט protector (? lit. looking with consideration upon MordtZMG xxx. 1876, 37); n.pr. נבטאל God has seen, i.e. considered Levy-OsZMG xix. 1865, 231);— Pi. Pf. consec. וְנִבַּט Is 5:30 look (lit.), sq. לְ. Hiph. Pf. הִבִּיט Nu 21:9 + 3 times; וְהִבַּטְתָּ֫ 1 S 2:32, etc.; Impf. יַבִּיט Nu 12:8 + 4 times; וַיַּבֵּט 1 S 17:42 + 4 times, etc.; Imv. הַבֵּט 1 K 18:43 +; הַבֵּיט ψ 142:5 (or Inf. abs.), cf. La 5:1 Kt; הַבִּ֫יטָה ψ 13:4 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַבִּיט Ex 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַבִּיט ψ 104:32;—look: 1. lit., a. human subj., sq. אֶל־ Ex 3:6 (E), Nu 21:9 (JE), Is 8:22 (‖ פָּנָה לְמָ֑עְלָה v 21), cf. 51:6, Jon 2:5; sq. עַל־ Hb 2:15; sq. אַחֲרֵי Gn 19:17, 26 (J), Ex 33:8 (E), 1 S 24:9; sq. ה—ָloc., 119:6Gn 15:5 (שָׁמַ֫יְמָה), cf. Jb 35:5 (שָׁמַיִם); sq. דֶּרֶךְ־יָם 1 K 18:43; sq. acc. = look upon, behold Nu 12:8 (E), Is 38:11; abs. Jb 6:19 1 S 17:42 (‖ רָאָה), 1 K 18:43; 19:6 (sq. הִנֵּה), 1 Ch 21:21 (‖ רָאָה), so ψ 22:18. b. subj. eagle, abs. Jb 39:29 (sq. adv. לְמֵרָחוֹק). 2. fig.: sq. אֶל regard, shew regard to 1 S 16:7 (אֶל־מַרְאֵהוּ), cf. 2 K 3:14 (‖ רָאָה); pay attention to, sq. אֶל־ Is 22:8; = consider Is 51:1, 2; look unto י׳, sq. אֶל־ ψ 34:6 (read Imv. pl. 𝔊 𝔖 Che), Is 22:11 Zc 12:10; cf. ψ 119:6 sq. אֶל־כָּל־מִצְוֹת; cf. also Jb 36:25 (abs. sq. מֵרָחוֹק); sq. acc. אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ ψ 119:15, cf. v 18, Is 5:12; sq. acc. אָוֶן Nu 23:21 (‖ רָאָה); subj. עֵינִי, וַתַּבֵּט בְּשׁוּרַי בְּ׳ ψ 92:12 see its desire upon, gloat over (cf. רָאָה בְּ), diff. 1 S 2:32; sq. acc. adv. ψ 142:5 (יָמִין to the right; ‖ רָאָה); abs. Is 42:18 (sq. לִרְאוֹת of purpose); 63:5 Hb 1:5 (‖ רָאָה), so ψ 91:8 (בְּעֵינֶיךָ), cf. Pr 4:25, sq. לְנֹכַח (subj. עֵינֶיךָ; ‖ יַיְשִׁרוּ נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ). 3. subj. י׳: sq. אֶל + מִשָּׁמַיִם ψ 102:20; sq. אֶל־ = look upon, i.e. endure to see Hb 1:13 (‖ רָאָה); so sq. acc. v 13, cf. 1:3 (or causat. Ew; ‖ תַּרְאֵנִי); sq. לְ, ψ 104:32 Jb 28:24; ψ 74:20 (לַבְּרִית); sq. acc. Is 64:8 (‖ הֵן), La 3:63 ψ 10:14 (‖ רָאָה); = regard, shew regard to, Is 5:12 Am 5:22 ψ 84:10 La 4:16, cf. ψ 13:4; sq. אֶל־ id. Is 66:2; abs. ψ 94:9 i.e. have power of sight, Is 18:4; sq. מִשָּׁמַיִם ψ 33:13; 80:15 Is 63:15 (‖ רָאָה), La 1:11 (‖ רָאָה), so v 12; 2:20; 5:1.

I. [צָפָה37] vb. look out or about, spy, keep watch (NH id., Pi. hope; Ethiopic ሰፈወ: iii. 2 hope);— Qal28 Impf. 3 ms. juss. יִ֫צֶף בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ Gn 31:49 (J) may י׳ keep watch between me and thee (that the covenant be kept = א׳ עֵד וגו׳ v 50); 3 fpl. עֵינָיו בַּגּוֹיִם תִּצְפֶּי֑נָה ψ 66:7 his eyes keep watch upon the nations; Pt. act. צוֹפֶה רָשָׁע לַצַּדִּיק ψ 37:32 a wicked man spieth upon the righteous; Ct 7:5 the town which looketh toward (פְּנֵי) Damascus; f. צוֹפִיָּה Pr 31:27 she keepeth watch of (c. acc.); pl. עֵינֵי י׳ צֹפוֹת רָעִים וְטוֹבִים Pr 15:3; elsewhere as subst. watchman, abs. צֹפֶה 2 S 13:34 +; pl. צֹפִים 1 S 14:16; +, sf. צֹפָיו Is 56:10 Qr (Kt צפו), צֹפַיִךְ Is 52:8;—1 S 14:16 2 S 13:34 + 8 times SK, Ez 33:2, 6(×2); Is 52:8, so in שְׂדֵה צֹפִים Nu 23:14 (JE); fig. of prophets Ho 9:8; Je 6:17; Ez 3:17; 33:7; Is 56:10;—צוֹפִים 1 S 1:1 v. צוּפִי" dir="rtl" >צוּפִי; Pt. pass. צָפוּ (Codd. and Qr צָפוּי), Jb 15:22 spied out (and brought) to (אֱלֵי) the sword (Ew Bi PerlesAnal. 29 צָפוּן cf. Di Bu). †Pi. Pf. I pl. צִפִּינוּ La 4:17; Impf. 1 s. אֲצַפֶּה Mi 7:7 +; Imv. ms. צַפֵּה Na 2:2, fs. צַפִּי Je 48:19; Pt. מְצַפֶּה 1 S 4:13; Is 21:6; pl. sf. מְצַפֶּיךָ Mi 7:4;—watch (closely), אֶל־דֶּרֶךְ עִמְדִי וְצ׳ Je 48:19, צ׳־דֶרֶךְ Na 2:2; + אֶל of person expected La 4:17; fig. אֲצַפֶּה בְּי׳ Mi 7:7; abs. lit. 1 S 4:13; fig. Hb 2:1 I will look forth, to see (לִרְאוֹת) what he will say; ψ 5:4 I will look out (expectantly); pt. as n. = watchman Is 21:6; Mi 7:4.

† I. [שָׁקַף] vb. Niph. Hiph. overhang, look out and down (NH Niph. Hiph. = BH; cf. Aramaic שְׁקִיפָא, ܫܩܺܝܦܳܐ rocky pinnacle, rock, Arabic سَقْفٌ ceiling, roof, sky (on connex. of meanings cf. Arabic أَشْرَفَ overtop, overlook, from شَرُفَ be high; اِطَّلَعَ look down upon, from طَلَعَ rise));— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁקְפָה Ju 5:28 +, וְנִשְׁקָ֖פָח Nu 21:20 (read prob. pt. הַנִּשְׁקָפָה, cf. 23:28, GBG); 1 s. נִשְׁקָ֑פְתִּי Pr 7:6; Pt. נִשְׁקָף Nu 23:28; 1 S 13:18 ψ 85:12; f. נִשְׁקָפָה Ct 6:10;—lean over (and look), look down, c. בְּעַד of window, through Ju 5:28; 2 S 6:16 = 1 Ch 15:29; Pr 7:6; abs. look down, forth Ct 6:10; c. מִן of direction whence Je 6:1 ψ 85:12 (both fig.); of mt. lean over upon (עַל־פְּנֵי), overhang Nu 21:20; 23:28; 1 S 13:18 (read הַגֶּבַע for הגבול We Dr HPS al.). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁקִיף ψ 14:2 +; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיף La 3:50, וַיַּשְׁקֵף Gn 19:28 +, etc.; Imv. ms. cohort. הַשְׁקִ֫יפָה Dt 26:15;—look down (= Niph.): c. בְּעַד of window Gn 26:8 (J), 2 K 9:30, c. אֶל pers. v 32; look down upon, עַל־פְּנֵי, subj. pers. Gn 18:16; 19:28 (both J), abs. וַיַּשׁ׳ וַיַּרְא 2 S 24:20 (וַיַּבֵּט in ‖ 1 Ch 21:21); especially subj. י׳, c. אֶל loc. Ex 14:24 (J); c. מִן loc. Dt 26:15 ψ 102:20, + עַל pers. 14:2 = 53:3, + וְיֵ֫רֶא La 3:50.

† שָׁעָה vb. gaze (steadily, with interest, etc.) (Assyrian šeʾû, behold, look for, aim at);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 4:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁעֶה Is 17:7, 8, apoc. וַיִּ֫שַׁע Gn 4:4, 1 s. אֶשְׁעָה (Ges§ 751) ψ 119:117, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁעֵה Jb 14:6; mpl. שְׁעוּ Is 22:4;—gaze at, regard (with favour), י׳ subj., c. אֶל Gn 4:4, 5 (J); c. מִן pers. = turn gaze away Is 22:4; Jb 7:19 Thes Ew Che, + prob. 10:20 (for יָשִׁית), c. מֵעַל pers. 14:6; man subj., regard God (with trust, devotion), c. עַל Is 17:7; 31:1; c. אֶל rei 17:8; c. בְּ of words, statutes, Ex 5:9 (J) ψ 119:117; abs. 3 fpl. תִּשְׁעֶינָה Is 32:3 shall not behold makes no sense, read prob. תְּשֹׁעֶינָה (√ I. שׁעע, Ew and most); 3 mpl. יִשְׁעוּ 2 S 22:42 they look (about) for help, ψ 18:42 יְשַׁזְּעוּ. Hiph. Imv. ms. הָשַׁע מִמֶּנִּי ψ 39:14 cause thy gaze to turn away from me (see also √ I. שׁעע), Qal שְׁעֵה as Jb 14:6 (cf. 7:19; Is 22:4) Hup Bae Du Ges§ 75 gg. Hithp. Impf. 2 ms. apoc. אַל־תִּשְׁתָּע Is 41:10 gaze not about (in anxiety, ‖ אַל־תִּירָא); 1 pl. וְנִשְׁתָּ֫עָה (Ges§ 75 l) v 23 let us look at each other (in rivalry, v. ראה Hithp.).

ἀτεν-ίζω, look intently, gaze earnestly, τοῖς ὄμμασιν stare, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the eyes, ἀτενίζοντες αὐτῷNT+2nd c.BC+: absolutely, also of the eyes, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to be gazed upon, Refs __II metaphorically of the mind, ἀ. τὴν διάνοιαν πρός τιRefs 4th c.BC+; to be obstinate, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐμ-βλέπω, perfect ἐμβέβλοφα Refs 2nd c.BC+:—look in the face, look at, τινὶ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς NT+5th c.BC+ __b ἐ. εἰς consider, τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ NT; look into a matter, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 simply, look, ποῖ ἐμβλέψασα..; Refs 5th c.BC+; δεινὸν ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πῦρ ἐ. Refs 3rd c.BC+

παρα-κύπτω, poetry παρκύπτω, stoop sideways, of the attitude of a bad harp-player, Refs 5th c.BC+; lean over a railing, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II stoop for the purpose of looking, and so, __II.1 look sideways at, cast a careless glance on a thing, παρακύψαντ᾽ ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς πόλεως πόλεμον Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 peep out of a door or window, ἐκ θυρίδος Refs 5th c.BC+; of girls peeping after a lover, LXX+3rd c.BC+; π. τὸν ἐραστὴν ἰδεῖν so as to see him, Refs 1st c.AD+ a hope of safety peeped out, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀδόντων παρακυψάντων, of the first teeth, Refs 2nd c.AD+: followed by an interrogative clause, peep out and see, π. τίς ἄνεμος πνεῖ Refs 2nd c.AD+ — passive, θυρίδες παρακυπτόμεναι probably out of which people look, LXX __II.3 of persons outside a place, peep in, look in, εἰς οἰκίανLXX+NT; παρακύψας βλέπειNT+2nd c.AD+; of a thing, appear in, ἐς ἀρχόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 meddle with, πράγματι Refs 3rd c.AD+

ἐπι-βλέπω, future -ψομαι, later -ψω LXX:—look upon, look attentively, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτόν variant in LXX+4th c.BC+. __2. c.accusative, look well at, observe, Refs 6th c.BC+: c.accusative double, Refs 1st c.BC+ being taken into consideration, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3. face upwards or downwards, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II. eye with envy, Refs 5th c.BC+. __III. Astrology texts, to be in aspect with, Refs 4th c.AD+

† [שָׁגַח] vb. Hiph. gaze (NH id., Ecclus 40:29; 50:5; late Rabb. הַשְׁגָּחָה = providence (from ψ 33:14); J Aram. שְׁגַח gaze, consider);—c. אֶל־ pers.: Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁגִּיחַ ψ 33:14 (of י׳; מִן loc.); Impf. 3 mpl. רֹאֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ יַשְׁגִּיחוּ Is 14:16 they that see thee, at thee shall they gaze (‖ אֵלֶיךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ; cf. משגיח על שלחן Ecclus 40:29); abs.: Pt. מַשְׁגִּיחַ Ct 2:9 (c. מִן from (the outside of) the windows).

ἀφορ-άω, Ionic dialect ἀπορ-έω, future ἀπόψομαι: aorist ἀπεῖδον:— look away from all others at one, have in view, Refs 5th c.BC+; look at, τι Refs 4th c.BC+; of a distant object, Refs 5th c.BC+compare, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ὅθεν.. look to the point whence.., Refs; εἴς τι or τινα, NT+1st c.AD+: hence, obey,Refs 4th c.BC+:—in middle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b of Places, look towards, εἰς βόρειον ὠκεανόνRefs 2nd c.AD+ __2 to view from a place, ἀπὸ δενδρέουRefs 5th c.BC+ __II rarely, look away, have the back turned, probably in Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐπεῖδον, aorist 2, infinitive ἐπιδεῖν, with no present in use, ἐφοράω being used instead, look upon, behold, see, of evils, κακὰ πόλλ᾽ ἐπιδόντα Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, ἐπιδόμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 especially of the gods, look upon human affairs, Ζεὺς ἐπίδοι προφρόνως στόλον Refs 4th c.BC+; νιν Ζεὺς ἐπίδοι κοταίνων NT __3 remain seeing, i.e. live to see, τὰ τέκνα Refs 5th c.BC+; experience, χαλεπά Refs: with participle added, μηδ᾽ ἐπίδοιμι τάνδ᾽ ἀστυδρομουμέναν πόλιν Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸς λωβηθεὶς καὶ τοὺς αὑτοῦ ἐπιδὼν παῖδας [λωβηθέντας] Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀπο-βλέπω, future -βλέψομαιRefs 2nd c.AD+ etc., but -βλέψω Refs 2nd c.BC+: perfect -βέβλεφαRefs 5th c.AD+:—middle, present, Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+:—look away from all other objects at one, gaze steadfastly, ἐς ἐμέRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 pay attention to, regard, ἐς τὸ κακόνNT+5th c.BC+ __3 of places, etc., look, face in a particular direction, πρὸς ὁδόνRefs 1st c.BC+ __4 look upon with love, wonder or admiration, look at as a model, with accusative, οὐ χρὴ.. μέγαν ὄλβον ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; more frequently with a preposition, εἰς ἔμ᾽ Ελλὰς.. ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; so ἀ. πρός τιναRefs 5th c.BC+; of a vain person, ἀ. εἰς τὴν ἑαντῆς σκιάνRefs 5th c.BC+; of entire dependence, πάντα ἀ. εἰς τὸν ἐραστήνRefs 5th c.BC+; look longingly, ἐς τὸν ἀγρόνRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be looked up to, Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 ἐς τοιόνδ᾽ ἀποβλέψας μόνον τροαῖον αὐτοῦ στήσομαι with a single look, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II look away, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἀ. ἀπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων face both ways, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ τοῦ συμφέροντος Antip. [prev. cited] __III middle, look at each other, ταυρωπὸν ἀποβλεψάμενοιRefs 1st c.AD+

† [עִין] vb.denom. eye (enviously), look (askance) at;— Qal Pt. (or Pôʿēl, מ om., v. Dr), c. acc. עוֹיֵן 1 S 18:9 Qr (Kt עון).

† II. [צוּץ] vb. Hiph. gaze, peep (NH Hiph. gaze (rare); Aramaic צִיץ gaze);—Pt. מֵצִיץ מִן־הַחֲרַכִּים Ct 2:9 (v. ח׳, p. 355).

† II. [שָׁאָה] vb. Hithp. gaze (appar. ‖ form of שָׁעָה, q.v.);—Pt. ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Gn 24:21 (J) the man was gazing at her (Ges§ 130 a).

† [שָׁכָה, so most] vb. Hiph. Pt. as adj. in סוּסִים מוּזָנִים מַשְׁכִּים הָיוּ Je 5:8 usually, horses … roaming at large they have become (cf. Ethiopic ሰኰየ: );—but meaning lustful needed; Aq Theod ἕλκοντες, Jer trahentes (sc. genitalia), i.e. משְׁכִים; read with Arnheim Du Dr מַאֲשִׁיכִים, i.e. fed stallions (lit. growing אֲשָׁכִים, Lv 21:20; cf. מַקְרִין, מַפְרִיס).

† [שָׂקַר] vb. Pi. ogle (Aramaic סְקַר look at (𝔗 Jb 20:9; 28:7), סַקְרָנִית looking about, ogling; ܣܩܰܪ eye with envy or hatred (e.g. 1 S 18:9 𝔖); cf. De Is);—Pt. fpl. מְשַׂקְּרוֹת עֵינַיִם Is 3:16 ogling of eyes (women of Jerusalem).