H8659 H8659
Tarshish — a distant maritime port symbolizing far-flung sea trade, often identified with Tartessus in Spain
Tarshish is among the most evocative place names in the Hebrew Bible, conjuring images of the farthest reaches of the known world accessible by sea. Its 28 occurrences span the Table of Nations, royal trade narratives, prophetic oracles, and one famous flight from God. In Genesis 10:4, Tarshish is a grandson of Japheth through Javan, linking it to the maritime peoples of the western Mediterranean. Solomon's fleet of 'ships of Tarshish' brought gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks on three-year voyages (1 Kgs 10:22; 2 Chr 9:21) — the phrase became shorthand for any large, ocean-going merchant vessel. Jehoshaphat's attempt to replicate this trade ended in shipwreck at Ezion-geber (1 Kgs 22:48; 2 Chr 20:36-37). Jonah famously booked passage to Tarshish to flee 'from the presence of the LORD' (Jon 1:3; 4:2) — its remoteness making it the opposite direction from Nineveh. Isaiah uses 'ships of Tarshish' as symbols of human pride that will be humbled (Isa 2:16; 23:1, 14), while Psalm 72:10 envisions the kings of Tarshish bringing tribute to the Messiah.
Senses
1. Tarshish (place name) — A distant maritime locale, most likely Tartessus in southern Spain, representing the western extremity of the ancient world's trade routes. Genealogically a descendant of Javan (Gen 10:4; 1 Chr 1:7). 'Ships of Tarshish' became a generic term for large seagoing vessels, associated with Solomon's lucrative voyages (1 Kgs 10:22) and Jehoshaphat's failed imitation (1 Kgs 22:48). Prophetically, these ships symbolize human pride destined for divine humbling (Isa 2:16; 23:1, 14), while Jonah's flight to Tarshish (Jon 1:3) exploits its remoteness as the furthest escape from God's call. Psalm 72:10 and Isaiah 60:9 transform it into a symbol of Gentile homage. 28×
AR["-إِلَى-تَرْشِيشَ", "تَرشيشَ", "تَرشِيشَ", "تَرْشيش", "تَرْشيشَ", "تَرْشِيشَ", "تَرْشِيشُ"]·ben["তরশীশে", "তর্শীশ", "তর্শীশ-এ", "তর্শীশ-এর", "তর্শীশে", "তর্শীশের"]·DE["Tarschisch", "Tarshish"]·EN["Tarshish", "to-Tarshish"]·FR["Tarshish", "Tarsis", "[תרשיש]"]·heb["תַרְשִׁישׁ", "תרשיש", "תרשישה"]·HI["तरशीश", "तरशीश-का", "तरशीश-के", "तरशीश-को", "तरशीश।", "तर्शीश", "तर्शीश-के", "तर्शीश-को", "तर्शीशके"]·ID["Tarsis", "Tarsyis", "ke-Tarsis"]·IT["Tarsis"]·jav["Tarsis", "dhateng-Tarsis", "kados"]·KO["다르시스와", "다르시시-에", "다르시시가", "다르시시의", "다시스", "다시스와", "다시스의", "다시시", "다시시-로", "다시시-의", "다시시로", "다시시의"]·PT["Tarshish", "Társiss", "a-Tarshish", "de-Társis"]·RU["Таршиш", "Таршиша", "Таршишу", "Фарсис", "Фарсиса", "в-Таршиш", "фарсисские"]·ES["Tarshish", "Tarsis", "a-Tarsis"]·SW["Meresi", "Tarshishi", "wa-Tarshishi", "ya-Tarshishi", "za-Tarshishi"]·TR["Tarshish", "Tarshish'e", "Tarshish'in", "Tarsis", "Tarşiş", "Tarşiş'a", "Tarşiş'e", "Tarşiş'in"]·urd["ترسیس", "ترسیس-تک", "ترسیس-کا", "ترسیس-کی", "ترسیس-کے"]
Gen 10:4, 1 Kgs 10:22, 1 Kgs 10:22, 1 Kgs 22:48, 1 Chr 1:7, 1 Chr 7:10, 2 Chr 9:21, 2 Chr 9:21, 2 Chr 20:36, 2 Chr 20:37, Esth 1:14, Ps 48:7 (+16 more)
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.pr. 1. loc. a distant port, site not certainly known (WklAltor. Forsch. v. 445); most Tartessus in Spain Thes (after older authorities) Ges Is i, 719 MeyGesch. d. Alt. i, § 281; other views are: Tyrseni (Etruscans) in Italy, WMMHast. DB Tarshish, Phoenicia RenoufPSBA xvi. 134 ff., Sardinia HalRÉJ xiii. 14; v. also Ency. Bib.Tarshish;— Tarshish, 𝔊 usually Θαρσ(ε)ις (Is 23:1,…