שְׁמֹנִים38 H8084
eighty — the cardinal numeral used in ages, census counts, measurements, and chronological reckonings
Shemonim is the indeclinable plural numeral for eighty, occurring 38 times across narrative, law, poetry, and chronicle. It marks patriarchal longevity — Methuselah lived 187 years, having fathered Lamech at 'one hundred and eighty-two' (Gen 5:25-26) — and the span of robust old age in Psalm 90:10: 'the days of our years are seventy, and if by strength, eighty.' It counts fighting men (2 Chr 26:17: 'eighty priests of Yahweh'), temple singers (1 Chr 25:7), and the grim toll of assassination (Jer 41:5: 'eighty men from Shechem, Shiloh, and Samaria'). In Solomon's chronology, the temple's construction began 'in the four hundred and eightieth year' after the exodus (1 Kgs 6:1), a number laden with typological significance.
Senses
1. Eighty (cardinal numeral) — The cardinal numeral 'eighty,' an indeclinable plural form used throughout the Hebrew Bible in age formulas (Gen 5:25-26, 28; 16:16; 35:28; Exod 7:7; Ps 90:10), military and census counts (2 Kgs 10:24; Jer 41:5; 2 Chr 26:17), chronological reckonings (1 Kgs 6:1; Judg 3:30), and enumerations of persons or concubines (Song 6:8; Ezra 8:8; 1 Chr 15:9). Typically modifies a singular noun (shanah, 'year') or stands alone. French 'quatre-vingts' (four-twenties) reveals that the vigesimal numeral system persists in some translation traditions, while Spanish 'ochenta' and German 'achtzig' follow decimal convention. 38×
AR["ثَمَانِينَ", "وَ-ثَمانينَ", "وَ-ثَمانِينَ", "وَ-ثَمَانُونَ", "وَ-ثَمَانِينَ", "وَثَمانونَ", "وَثَمانينَ", "وَثَمَانُونَ", "وَثَمَانِينَ", "وُ-شْمُونِيم"]·ben["আর-আশি", "আশি", "এবং-আশি", "এবং-বিরাশি", "ও-আশি"]·DE["[ושמנים]", "achtzig", "und-achtzig"]·EN["and-eighty", "eighty"]·FR["[ושמנים]", "et-quatre-vingts", "quatre-vingts"]·heb["ו-שמונים", "ו-שמנים", "וּ-שְׁמוֹנִים", "שמונים"]·HI["अस्सि", "अस्सी", "और-अस्सी", "और-बयासी"]·ID["dan-delapan-puluh", "delapan-puluh", "ribu"]·IT["e-e-eighty", "e-ottanta", "ottanta"]·jav["lan-gangsal", "lan-wolung-dasa", "lan-wolung-puluh", "lan-wolungdasa", "satus", "wolung-dasa"]·KO["그리고-팔만", "그리고-팔십", "팔십", "팔십의"]·PT["e-dois", "e-oitenta", "mil", "oitenta"]·RU["восьмидесяти", "и-восемьдесят", "и-восьмидесяти"]·ES["ochenta", "y-ochenta"]·SW["elfu", "miaka", "na-elfu-themanini", "na-themanini", "na-themanini-ya", "themanini"]·TR["seksen", "ve-seksen"]·urd["اسی", "اور-اسّی", "اور-اسی", "اور-اسیّ", "اور-اَسّی", "اور-پچیاس"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G3956 1. all (collective plural) (616×)H3967 1. cardinal numeral hundred (550×)H1419a 1. great, large (general quality) (486×)H7969 1. cardinal number three (431×)H0505 1. cardinal number thousand (427×)H7651 1. seven (cardinal number) (393×)G1520 1. cardinal number one (339×)H6240 1. ten (cardinal number) (334×)H6242 1. twenty (cardinal number) (315×)H2568 1. cardinal number five (309×)H0702 1. four (cardinal number) (277×)G3956 2. every, each (distributive) (227×)H8337 1. six (cardinal number) (215×)G3956 3. all things, everything (substantive) (211×)G3956 4. (187×)H6235 1. ten (177×)G3173 1. great in size or extent (176×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
שְׁמֹנִים38 n.pl.indecl. an eighty;—without other num.: sq. sg. שָׁנָה ψ 90:10 + 4 times, אִישׁ 2 K 10:24; Je 41:5; sq. n.pl. 2 Ch 26:17; Ezr 8:8; Ct 6:8; n. om. 2 K 6:25; 1 Ch 15:9; c. other num., card.: שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Nu 2:9 + 6 times; שׁ׳ foll. units Gn 5:25 + 4 times; precedes, Gn 16:16 + 4 times; foll. 100, etc. 1 Ch 25:7 + 6 times; precedes, Gn 5:26 + 2 times; ordin., בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְ 1 K 6:1.