H8080 H8080
To grow fat, become prosperous; in Hiphil, to make fat or dull
This verb captures the physical and metaphorical dimensions of fatness in Hebrew thought. In the Qal stem, it describes Israel growing fat and rebellious under God's blessing (Deut 32:15), or the wicked growing sleek and complacent (Jer 5:28). The Hiphil carries a causative sense: in Nehemiah 9:25 the people 'grew fat' through abundance, while in Isaiah 6:10 God commands the prophet to 'make fat' — that is, to render dull and unreceptive — the heart of the people. Spanish 'engordarse' and English 'grew fat' both preserve the concrete imagery behind the theological metaphor.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To grow fat, become prosperous and complacent — used of Israel under divine blessing turning to arrogance. Deuteronomy 32:15 pairs the Qal perfect and imperfect to depict Jeshurun fattening like a beast and then kicking against God. Jeremiah 5:28 extends the image to the wicked who grow sleek. Spanish 'engordaste/se engordaron' and English 'grew fat' faithfully convey the concrete-to-metaphorical movement. In the Hiphil (Isa 6:10), the sense shifts to 'make dull, make unreceptive,' where fatness of heart signals spiritual imperviousness. 5×
AR["سَمِنُوا", "سَمِنْتَ", "سَمِّنْ", "فَ-سَمِنُوا", "وَسَمِنَ"]·ben["আর-হৃষ্টপুষ্ট-হল", "এবং-মোটা-হল", "মোটা-করো", "মোটা-হয়েছে", "মোটা-হলে"]·DE["[השמן]", "[וישמינו]", "[שמנו]", "du-wuchs-fett", "und-wuchs-fett"]·EN["and-grew-fat", "and-they-grew-fat", "make-fat", "they-have-grown-fat", "you-grew-fat"]·FR["[השמן]", "[וישמינו]", "[שמנו]", "et-grew-graisse", "tu-grew-graisse"]·heb["השמן", "ו-ישמינו", "ו-ישמן", "שמנו", "שמנת"]·HI["और-मोटा-हुआ", "और-मोटे-हुए", "मोटा-कर", "मोटा-हो-गया", "वे-मोटे-हो-गए"]·ID["Buatlah-tumpul", "Dan-menjadi-gemuk", "Mereka-menjadi-gemuk", "dan-mereka-menjadi-gemuk", "engkau-menjadi-gemuk"]·IT["[וישמינו]", "[שמנו]", "e-crebbe-grasso", "l'-olio", "tu-crebbe-grasso"]·jav["Lan-lemu", "Ndadosaken-kandel", "Piyambakipun-sami-lemu", "lan-sami-lema", "panjenengan-lemu"]·KO["그리고-살찐다", "그리하여-살찐다", "네가-살찐다", "둥하게-하라", "살찐다"]·PT["E-engordou", "Engorda", "Engordaram", "e-engordaram", "engordaste"]·RU["И-разжирел", "и-разжирели", "ожесточи", "разжирел-ты", "разжирели"]·ES["Engorda", "Se-engordaron", "engordaste", "y-engordar", "y-engordaron"]·SW["Fanya-ugumu", "Na-akanenepa", "na-wakanenepa", "umenenepa", "wamenenepa"]·TR["Yaglandir", "semizledin", "ve-semirdiler", "ve-semizlendi", "şişmanladılar"]·urd["اور-موٹا-ہوا", "اور-موٹے-ہوئے", "تو-موٹا-ہوگیا", "موٹا-کر", "موٹے-ہو-گئے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [שָׁמֵן] vb. grow fat (NH Hiph. id., also שֶׁמֶן; Arabic سَمِنَ be fat; Aramaic ܫܡܶܢ, especially der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adj. fat: Assyrian šamnu, fat; Ph. (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palm. שמנא Lzb378; on relation of meanings Frä147);— Qal Pf. 2 ms. שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Dt 32:15 and Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁמַן v 15 both of Israel (propserous and arrogant) under fig. of fat beast; so Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ Je…