1. destroy, exterminate — Hifil causative: to actively destroy, annihilate, or exterminate a people, nation, or entity -- the agent deliberately causes total destruction. Cross-linguistic evidence uniformly supports a single causative sense: Arabic uses active forms of IV-stem roots abad (أَبَادَ) and ahlaka (أَهْلَكَ) interchangeably; Korean consistently uses 멸하다 (to destroy/exterminate); Swahili uses kuangamiza (active destruction); Hindi uses nash karna (destroy) and nasht karna. The Arabic variation between abad/ahlaka/dammara reflects translator choice, not polysemy. Includes all Hifil inflections: perfect, imperfect, imperative, infinitive construct, infinitive absolute, consecutive imperfect, and forms with pronominal suffixes and prepositional prefixes. 69×
AR["أَبادَهُم","أَبَادَهَا","أَبَادَهُمْ","أَهْلَكَ","لِ-الْإِبَادَةِ","لِ-يُبِيدَ","لِ-يُبِيدُوا","لِـ-يُهْلِكَ","لِيُبيدَ","لِيُبِيدَكُمْ","لِيُدَمِّرَ","وَ-أُبِيدُهَا","وَأُبِيدُ","وَأُهْلِكُ","يُبِيدُ","يُهْلِكُ"]·ben["-ধ্বংস-করতে","এবং-আমি-ধ্বংস-করব","ও-আমি-ধ্বংস-করব","ও-ধ্বংস-করব","তিনি-ধ্বংস-করবেন","ধ্বংস-করতে","ধ্বংস-করবেন","ধ্বংস-করল","ধ্বংস-করেছিলেন"]·DE["[השמיד]","[ישמיד]","[להשמיד]","[לשמד]","er-vernichtet","er-zerstoerte","und-vernichten","vernichten","wird-zerstoeren","zerstoerte","zu-zerstoere","zu-zerstoeren"]·EN["and-I-will-destroy","destroyed","he-destroyed","he-destroys","he-will-destroy","to-be-destroyed","to-destroy","will-destroy"]·FR["détruire","détruisit","et-exterminer","exterminer","fera-détruire","il-détruisit","pour-exterminer","à-détruire","à-détruis"]·heb["השמיד","ו-השמדתי","ישמיד","ל-השמיד"]·HI["और-नाश-करूँगा","और-नाश-करूंगा","और-मैं-नाश-करूंगा","के-नाश-करने","नाश-करने","नाश-करने-के-लिए","नाश-करने-को","नाश-करेगा","नाश-किए-जाने-को","नाश-किया","वह-नाश-करेगा"]·ID["Dia-membinasakan","Ia-membinasakan","dan-Aku-akan-membinasakan","dan-membinasakan","dibinasakan","dimusnahkan","memusnahkan","untuk-dimusnahkan","untuk-memusnahkan"]·IT["a-distruggere","a-distruggi","distruggere","distrusse","e-distruggere","egli-distrusse","fara-distruggere","per-sterminare","sterminare"]·jav["Panjenenganipun-badhe-numpes","Yéhuwah","badhé-dipunsirnakaken","dipun-sirnakaken","dipuntumpes","dosa","kangge-ngrusak","kangge-numpes","kanggé-dipun-numpes","kanggé-numpes","lan-Kawula-badhé-nglebur","lan-Kawula-numpes","numpes","supados-ngrisak","supados-numpes"]·KO["그가-멸하시리라","그리고-내가-멸망시키리라","그리고-멸하리라","멸망시켰다","멸망시키도록","멸망시키려고","멸하기-위해","멸하려고","멸하려는","멸하셨다","멸하시려고","멸하시리라","멸하신","에-멸하려고"]·PT["destruir","destruirá","destruiu","e-destruirei","para-destruir"]·RU["и-уничтожу","истребил","истребит","уничтожил","уничтожить","чтобы-истребить","чтобы-уничтожить"]·ES["destruir","destruirá","destruyó","para-destruir","para-destruiros","y-destruiré","y-lo-destruiré"]·SW["Yahwe-aliyaharibu","aliwaangamiza","atawaangamiza","hishmiyd","kuangamiza","kuangamizwa","kuharibu","kuwaangamiza","kuwaua","na-nitaangamiza","na-nitaharibu","na-nitauangamiza"]·TR["le-yok-etmek","ve-yok-edeceğim","yok-edecek","yok-edilmek-için-","yok-etmek","yok-etmek-için","yok-etmek-için-","yok-etti"]·urd["اور-مٹا-دوں-گا","اور-نابود-کروں-گا","اور-نیست-کروں-گا","برباد-کرنے-کو","برباد-کیا","تباہ-کرنا","تباہ-کرنے-کے-لیے","تباہ-کرے-گا","نابود-کرنے-کو","نابود-کرےگا","نابود-کیا","نیست-کیا-تھا","وہ-ہلاک-کرے-گا","ہلاک-کرنا","ہلاک-کرنے","ہلاک-کرنے-کے-لیے"]
Lev 26:30, Num 33:52, Deut 1:27, Deut 2:22, Deut 2:23, Deut 4:3, Deut 6:15, Deut 7:4, Deut 9:3, Deut 9:8, Deut 9:14, Deut 9:19 (+38 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. be destroyed, perish — Nifal passive: to be destroyed, perish, or be exterminated -- the entity undergoes annihilation rather than causing it. Cross-linguistic evidence clearly distinguishes this from the Hifil: Arabic uses passive forms ubida (أُبِيدَ), yubadu (يُبَادُ), yuhlaku (يُهْلَكُ); Korean uses 멸망당하다/멸망하다 (suffer destruction, perish) vs. the active 멸하다; Swahili consistently uses the passive kuangamizwa vs. the active kuangamiza; Hindi uses nash hona (be destroyed) vs. nash karna (destroy). Includes all Nifal inflections: perfect, imperfect, infinitive construct, infinitive absolute, and waw-consecutive forms. 21×
AR["أُبِيدَتِ","أُبِيدْنَا","إِبَادَةً","إِهْلَاكِهِمْ","تَهْلِكَكَ","تُبَادُونَ","لِيَهْلِكُوا","وَ-أُهْلَكُ","وَتُدَمَّرُ","وَيُبَادُ","وَيُهْلَكُ","يُبَادُ","يُهْدَمُ","يُهْلَكونَ"]·ben["আমরা-ধ্বংস-হয়েছিলাম","আর-ধ্বংস-হব","আর-ধ্বংসস্থান-হবে","এবং-ধ্বংস-হবে","তাদের-ধ্বংস-হওয়ার","তাদের-ধ্বংস-হতে","তাদের-ধ্বংস-হয়","তোমরা-ধ্বংস-হবে","তোমার-ধ্বংস","ধ্বংস","ধ্বংস-হওয়ায়-তোমার","ধ্বংস-হত","ধ্বংস-হবে","ধ্বংস-হয়েছে"]·DE["[ונשמד]","[ישמד]","destroying","du-sind-zerstoerte","du-wird-sein-zerstoerte","es-ist-für-ihr-destruction","sie-sind-zerstoerte","sind-vernichtet","und-vernichten","und-vernichtet-werde","vernichten","wir-waren-zerstoerte","zerstoerte"]·EN["and-I-will-be-destroyed","and-shall-be-destroyed","and-will-be-destroyed","are-destroyed","destroyed","destroying","it-is-for-their-destruction","they-are-destroyed","we-were-destroyed","will-be-destroyed","would-be-destroyed","you-are-destroyed","you-will-be-destroyed"]·FR["détruire","détruisant","détruisit","et-Je---être-détruisit","et-exterminer","exterminer","ils-sont-détruisit","nous-furent-détruisit","tu-fera-être-détruisit","tu-sont-détruisit","à-détruire","ישמד"]·heb["הישמדך","הישמדם","השמד","השמדך","השמדם","ו-נשמד","ו-נשמדו","ו-נשמדתי","יישמד","ישמד","ל-הישמדם","נשמדה","נשמדו","נשמדנו","תישמדון"]·HI["उसकी-भीड़","और-उजड़-जाएगा","और-नष्ट-हो-जाऊँगा","और-नष्ट-होगा","और-नाश-होंगे","नष्ट-होने-उनके","नाश-किए-जाएँगे","नाश-हुई","नाश-हों-उनका","नाश-होगा","नाश-होता","नाश-होने-के-लिए-उनका","नाश-होने-तेरे","नाश-होने-तेरे।","हम-नाश-हुए"]·ID["akan-dimusnahkan","dan-akan-dimusnahkan","dan-aku-akan-dimusnahkan","dan-dihancurkan","dibinasakan","dimusnahkan","kami-dimusnahkan","kamu-akan-dimusnahkan","membinasakan-engkau","mereka-dimusnahkan","untuk-dibinasakan"]·IT["destroying","distruggere","distrusse","e-distruggere","e-io-will-essere-distrusse","e-sterminare","essi-sono-distrusse","noi-erano-distrusse","sterminare","tu-fara-essere-distrusse","tu-sono-distrusse"]·jav["badhe-dipun-sirnakaken","binasa-piyambakipun","dipun-tumpes","dipunnumpes","dirusak","kalebur","kita-dipun-sirnakaken","lan-dipun-sirnaaken","lan-dipuntumpes","lan-kasirnakaken","lan-kawula-badhé-dipuntumpes","lan-tumpes","panjenengan-sadaya-badhé-dipunnumpes","panjenengan-sirna","piyambakipun-dipun-tumpes","supados-sami-kasirnakaken"]·KO["그들-이-멸망하기-위함이라","그리고-멸망하겠다","그리고-멸망할-것이다","그리고-멸하리라","그리고-파괴되겠다","그리하여-멸망되리라","네가-멸망할-때까지","멸망당하리라","멸망당하였도다","멸망되었다","멸망하기를","멸망하기를-그들을","멸하여졌으리라","멸함-뒤에-그들이","우리가-멸망당하도록","파멸된다"]·PT["E-destruídos-serão","E-será-destruído","destruir","e-serei-destruído","e-será-destruída","e-será-destruído","foi-destruída","fomos-destruídos","sereis-destruídos","serem-destruídas","serem-destruídos","seres-destruído","seria-destruído","será-destruída","serão-destruídos","é-para-serem-destruídos"]·RU["И-будет-уничтожен","будет-уничтожен","будете-истреблены","будут-истреблены","и-будет-уничтожена","и-истребится","и-истреблены","и-истреблюсь","истребится","истреблена","истребления-их","истребления-твоего","истребления-тебя","истребляя","уничтожения-их","чтобы-быть-истреблёнными","чтобы-мы-были-истреблены"]·ES["destruir","fue-destruida","fuimos-destruidos","para-ser-destruidos","que-sean-destruidos","que-seas-destruido","ser-destruidos","será-destruida","serán-destruidos","seréis-destruidos","sería-destruido","y-será-destruida","y-será-destruido","y-serán-destruidos","y-seré-destruido"]·SW["Na-itaangamizwa","hakika-mtaangamizwa-","haribika","itaharibiwa","kuangamizwa-kwako","kuangamizwa-kwao","mtaangamizwa","na-kukamatia","na-litaharibiwa","na-utaangamizwa","na-zitaangamizwa","tuangamizwe","wameangamizwa","wataangamizwa"]·TR["ve-helak-olacak","ve-yok-edilecek","ve-yok-edileceğim","yok-edildi","yok-edildik","yok-edilecek","yok-edilirdi","yok-edilirler","yok-edilmeleri-içindir","yok-edilmelerinden-sonra","yok-edilmene","yok-olacaksınız","yok-olmak","yok-olmalarına"]·urd["ان-کے-فنا-ہونے-کے","اور-تباہ-ہو-جائیں-گی","اور-تباہ-ہو-گا","اور-فنا-ہوںگا-میں","اور-نابود-ہو-جائے-گی","تاکہ-وہ-نیست-کِیے-جائیں","تباہ-ہو-جائے-گا","فنا-کیا-گیا","مٹایا-جائے-گا","ہلاک-","ہلاک-کرنے-تیرے","ہلاک-کرے-تجھے","ہلاک-ہوں-انہیں","ہلاک-ہوں-گے","ہم-تباہ-ہوں","ہو-جاؤ-گے"]
Gen 34:30, Deut 4:26, Deut 4:26, Deut 7:23, Deut 12:30, Deut 28:20, Deut 28:24, Deut 28:45, Deut 28:51, Deut 28:61, Judg 21:16, 2 Sam 21:5 (+9 more)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[שָׁמַד90] vb. Niph. be exterminated, destroyed (NH der. spec.; Aramaic שְׁמַד Pa. cause to apostatize (Jastr); Syriac ܫܰܡܶܕ seems disputed (in Lexx.); NöEut. Nab. 32 curse; BAES 10 cites Assyrian ašmud, I destroyed; Gerber112 thinks vb. denom.);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִשְׁמַד Ez 32:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁמֵד Is 48:19; Pr 14:11; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמֵד֑וּן Dt 4:26; Inf. abs. הִשָּׁמֵד v 26; cstr.…