H7941 H7941
Intoxicating drink other than wine; fermented beverage regulated in priestly, Nazirite, and prophetic texts
Denoting any fermented or intoxicating beverage distinct from grape wine, this noun appears almost exclusively alongside yayin (wine) in legal and prophetic warnings. Priests on duty (Lev 10:9) and Nazirites (Num 6:3) were forbidden it; prophets condemned its abuse (Isa 5:11; 28:7). Yet it was permitted at the sacrificial meal (Deut 14:26) and even commended for the despairing (Prov 31:6). The multilingual evidence is remarkably uniform: Spanish bebida fuerte, French boisson enivrante, and German Rauschtrank all point to a single, clearly bounded concept of strong alcoholic drink regulated by covenant law.
Senses
1. Strong drink, intoxicating beverage — A fermented alcoholic beverage other than grape wine, covering barley beer, date wine, and similar intoxicants. Nearly always paired with yayin in legal and prophetic formulae (Lev 10:9; Isa 5:11; Num 6:3). Spanish bebida fuerte, French boisson enivrante, and German Rauschtrank all converge on a single sense. 23×
AR["المُسكِرَ", "المُسكِرِ", "المُسْكِرِ", "الْمُسْكِرُ", "الْمُسْكِرِ", "بِـ-مُسْكِرٍ", "مُسْكِراً", "مُسْكِرًا", "مُسْكِرٌ", "مُسْكِرٍ", "وَ-فِي-الْمُسْكِرِ", "وَ-مُسكِرًا", "وَ-مُسْكِرًا", "وَ-مُسْكِرٍ", "وَمُسْكِرًا"]·ben["-মদ-এর", "এবং-মদ", "এবং-মদিরা", "এবং-মদ্য", "এবং-সুরা", "এবং-সুরায়", "মদ", "মদ-থেকে", "মদ।", "মদ্যপান", "সুরা", "সুরায়", "সুরার"]·DE["Rauschtrank", "[שכר]", "der-Rauschtrank", "stark-trinken", "und-fuer-stark-trinken", "und-stark-trinke", "und-stark-trinken"]·EN["and-for-strong-drink", "and-strong-drink", "from-strong-drink", "is", "strong-drink", "the-strong-drink"]·FR["boisson-enivrante", "boisson-forte", "et-fort-boire", "et-fort-bois", "et-pour-fort-boire", "fort-boire", "שכר"]·heb["ה-שכר", "ו-ב-ה-שכר", "ו-שכר", "שכר"]·HI["और-मदिरा", "और-मदिरा-से", "और-में-मदिरा", "मदिरा", "मदिरा-का", "मदिरा-को", "मदिरा-से", "मदिरा?"]·ID["dan-minuman-keras", "minuman-keras", "oleh-minuman-keras"]·IT["[שכר]", "bevanda-forte", "e-forte-bere", "e-forte-bevi", "e-per-forte-bere", "forte-bere", "forte-drink"]·jav["anggur-murni", "lan-ing-omben-keras", "lan-minuman-keras", "lan-unjukan-ingkang-mabok", "lan-unjukan-keras", "minuman-keras", "unjukan-keras"]·KO["그-독주", "그리고-그-독주에", "그리고-독주", "그리고-독주를", "독주-의", "독주가", "독주냐", "독주는", "독주로", "독주를", "독한-술-을", "독한-술-의"]·PT["bebida-forte", "de-bebida-forte", "e-bebida-forte", "e-pela-bebida-forte"]·RU["и-за-сикеру", "и-крепкого", "и-пива", "и-сикеру", "и-сикеры", "и-хмельного-напитка", "крепкий-напиток", "крепким-напитком", "крепкого", "опьяняющего", "от-сикеры", "сикера", "сикеру", "сикеры", "хмельного", "хмельное"]·ES["bebida-fuerte", "el-licor", "la-bebida-fuerte", "licor", "y-bebida-fuerte", "y-licor", "y-por-bebida-fuerte", "y-sidra"]·SW["Shkr", "Ushkr", "kileo", "na-kileo", "pombe", "ya-kileo"]·TR["icki", "ickiden", "içki", "içkiyi", "sarap", "sarhoş-edici-içkinin", "sert-içki", "ve-içki", "ve-içkiden", "ve-sarhoş-edici-içki"]·urd["اور-شراب", "اور-شراب-میں", "اور-شکر", "اور-نشہ", "شراب", "شراب-کا", "می-کی", "نشہ", "نشہ-سے"]
Lev 10:9, Num 6:3, Num 6:3, Num 28:7, Deut 14:26, Deut 29:6, Judg 13:4, Judg 13:7, Judg 13:14, 1 Sam 1:15, Ps 69:12, Prov 20:1 (+11 more)
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שֵׁכָר n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink (BaNB § 71);—always שׁ׳ abs.; usually ‖ יַיִן (except ψ 69:13): Is 29:9; usually condemned, Is 5:11, 22; 28:7(×3); 56:12 (נִסְבְּאָה שׁ׳), Mi 2:11; 1 S 1:15; Pr 20:1; forbidden to priests on duty Lv 10:9 (P); not for princes Pr 31:4; nor Nazirite Nu 6:3; Ju 13:4, 7, 14, cf. חֹמֶץ שׁ׳ Nu 6:3; שׁוֹתֵי שׁ׳ ψ 69:13 drunkards; but שׁ׳ as common drink Dt…