H7683 H7683
to go astray, err, sin unintentionally
This verb denotes going astray or sinning inadvertently, without deliberate intent. Central to Israel's sacrificial system, it distinguishes sins of ignorance from high-handed rebellion. The Priestly legislation provides atonement for such errors, recognizing human fallibility while maintaining moral accountability.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Expresses erring or sinning unintentionally. Leviticus 5:18 addresses one who 'sinned inadvertently' (שָׁגָג) without knowing it. Numbers 15:28 provides atonement for 'the person who errs' (הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַשֹּׁגֶגֶת, feminine participle) unintentionally. Job 12:16 declares 'with Him are the erring one and the one who leads astray' (שֹׁגֵג וּמַשְׁגֶּה)—both the deceived and deceiver. Psalm 119:67 confesses 'before I was afflicted, I went astray' (אֲנִי שֹׁגֵג). The verb is crucial for distinguishing inadvertent sins (שְׁגָגָה) from defiant sins (בְּיָד רָמָה), with only the former receiving sacrificial atonement. Multilingual glosses show this: Spanish 'involontariamente,' French 'involontairement,' German 'unintentionally'—all emphasizing the non-deliberate nature. 4×
AR["أَخْطَأْتُ", "الضّالُّ", "بِ-سَهْوٍ", "سَهَا"]·ben["আমি-ভ্রান্ত-হতাম", "ভুল-করেছে", "ভুলবশত", "ভ্রান্তকারী"]·DE["Krieg-going-astray", "[שגג]", "er-irrte", "unintentionally"]·EN["erring", "he-erred", "unintentionally", "was-going-astray"]·FR["errer", "il-erred", "involontairement", "שגג"]·heb["ב-שגג", "שגג", "שוגג"]·HI["भटकने-वाला", "भूल-से", "भूला"]·ID["ia-telah-sesat", "karena-kekeliruan", "menyimpang", "yang-tersesat"]·IT["[שגג]", "egli-erred", "erring", "involontariamente"]·jav["amargi-kelepatan", "ingkang-kliru", "kliru", "nglirwakaken"]·KO["방황하는-자-와", "방황하였나이다", "실수-로", "실수한"]·PT["andava-errado", "errou", "extraviado", "por-erro"]·RU["блуждал", "заблудился", "заблуждающийся", "по-ошибке"]·ES["el-que-yerra", "erraba", "erró", "por-error"]·SW["alikosa-kujua", "aliyedanganywa", "kwa-kutokujua", "nilipotea"]·TR["-de-yanlışlıkla", "aldanan", "sapan", "yanıldı"]·urd["بھول-کی", "بھٹکتا-تھا", "بھٹکنے-والا-ہے", "غلطی-سے"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שָׁגַג vb. go astray, commit sin or error (‖ שׁגה, שׁוג);— Qal Pf. שָׁגָג֛ Lv 5:18; Pt. שֹׁגֵג Jb 12:16 ψ 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Nu 15:28;— 1. error, mentally Jb 12:16. 2. sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Lv 5:18; Nu 15:28 (P), cf. ψ 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Gn 6:3 perhaps Inf. cstr. sf., by reason of their going astray, v. Ges§ 67 p Ew Dr al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, v. p. 4b.