שָׁבַע186 H7650
Jurar o prestar juramento (Nifal); hacer jurar, conjurar o administrar un juramento (Hifil).
Enraizado en el número siete — 'hacer siete sobre sí mismo' era obligarse invocando la plenitud sagrada — este verbo gobierna todo el dominio de la prestación de juramentos en la Biblia hebrea. En su forma Nifal (reflexiva/pasiva), significa jurar, ya sea comprometiéndose a un pacto, afirmando una verdad o invocando maldiciones sobre sí mismo en caso de infidelidad. En su forma Hifil (causativa), significa hacer jurar a otra persona, administrar o imponer un juramento. El siervo de Abraham es 'hecho jurar' (Gn 24:3), y Josué conjura a Israel en Jericó (Jos 6:26). La conexión etimológica con 'siete' aflora en el pacto de Abraham en Beerseba, donde siete corderas sellan el juramento (Gn 21:28-31). El español jurar, el francés jurer y el alemán schwören mantienen esta misma flexibilidad de raíz única entre juramentos activos y administrados.
Sentidos
1. jurar, prestar juramento (Nifal) — Jurar o prestar juramento (forma Nifal). El sujeto se obliga mediante un juramento, ya sea promisorio (comprometiéndose a una acción futura, como en la celebración de pactos), asertorio (afirmando la verdad de una declaración) o imprecatorio (invocando a Dios como testigo con automaldición implícita). Es el sentido dominante con 154 apariciones. Dios jura a Abraham (Gn 24:7), David y Jonatán se juran lealtad mutua. 154×
AR["أَقْسَمَ", "حَلَفَ"]·ben["তিনি-শপথ-করেছিলেন", "তিনি-শপথ-করেছেন", "শপথ-করেছিলেন", "শপথ-করেছিলেন-", "শপথ-করেছেন"]·DE["Er-schwor", "er-geschworen-hat", "er-schwor", "geschworen-hat-", "schwor"]·EN["He-swore", "he-swore", "swore"]·FR["Il-jura", "il-jura", "jura"]·heb["נשבע"]·HI["उन्हें", "तुम्हारे-पूर्वजों-की", "शपथ-खाई", "शपथ-खाई-उसने", "शपथ-ली-थी"]·ID["Dia-bersumpah", "Ia-bersumpah", "bersumpah", "bersumpah-Nya"]·IT["Egli-giuro", "Egli-giurò", "egli-giuro", "giuro", "giurò"]·jav["Panjenenganipun-sampun-sumpah", "Panjenenganipun-supaos", "dipunsumpahaken", "sampun-sumpah", "sumpah", "sumpah-"]·KO["그가-맹세한", "맹세하셨느니라", "맹세하셨다", "맹세하신"]·PT["jurou"]·RU["-клялся", "клялся"]·ES["juró"]·SW["aliapa", "aliomwita", "alivyoapa", "kuapika"]·TR["ant-içti", "yemin-etti", "yemin-etti-"]·urd["قسم-کھائی", "قسم-کھائی-تھی", "قسم-کھائی-ہے"]
2. hacer jurar, conjurar (Hifil) — Hacer jurar, conjurar o administrar un juramento (forma Hifil). El sujeto obliga o encarga solemnemente a otra parte que jure. Abraham hace jurar a su siervo (Gn 24:3), José hace jurar a los hijos de Israel que lleven sus huesos (Gn 50:25), y el estribillo del Cantar «os conjuro, hijas de Jerusalén» (Cnt 2:7; 3:5) emplea esta forma causativa. Unas 31 apariciones llevan este sentido. 31×
AR["أقسَمتِنا", "أَحْلَفَ", "أَستَحلِفُكَ", "أُحَلِّفُكَ", "أُحَلِّفْكَ", "أُقْسِمُكُمْ", "بِـ-إِحْلافِ", "فَاسْتَحْلَفَ", "لِـ-يُحَلِّفَ", "هِشْبَعْتِي", "وَ-أقسَمَ", "وَ-أَحْلَفْتُهُمْ", "وَ-أَسْتَحْلَفَ", "وَ-يُحَلِّفُ", "وَأُحَلِّفُكَ", "وَاسْتَحْلَفْتُهُمْ"]·ben["-শপথ-করানোর-সময়", "আমি-শপথ-দিই", "আর-আমি-শপথ-করালাম-তাদের", "আর-শপথ-করাল", "আর-শপথ-করালাম-তাদের", "এবং-আমি-শপথ-করাব-তোমাকে", "এবং-শপথ-করাবে", "এবং-শপথ-করিয়েছিলেন", "এবং-সে-শপথ-নিয়েছে", "শপথ-করাচ্ছি-তোমাকে", "শপথ-করাতে", "শপথ-করিয়েছিলাম-তোমাকে", "শপথ-করিয়েছিলে-আমাদেরকে", "শপথ-করিয়েছেন", "শপথ-দিই-তোমাকে"]·DE["adjure-du", "bound-bei-oath", "du-machte-uns-schwoeren", "ich-beschwor", "ich-mache-du-schwoere", "schwoeren", "und-es-ließ-schwören", "und-ich-will-dich-schwören-lassen", "und-machte-schwoere", "und-machte-schwoeren", "und-schwor", "und-soll-setzen-unter-Eid", "wann-bound-bei-oath", "zu-mache-schwoere"]·EN["I-adjure", "I-make-you-swear", "adjure-you", "and-I-made-them-swear", "and-I-will-make-you-swear", "and-made-swear", "and-shall-put-under-oath", "bound-by-oath", "making-you-swear", "to-make-swear", "when-bound-by-oath", "you-made-us-swear"]·FR["Je-vous-adjure,", "adjure-tu", "et-Je---faire-tu-jurer", "et-devra-mettre-sous-serment", "et-fit-jure", "et-fit-jurer", "et-jurer", "je-fais-tu-jure", "jurer", "lié-par-serment", "quand-lié-par-serment", "tu-fit-nous-jurer", "à-fais-jure"]·heb["ב-השביע", "השביע", "השבעת אותנו", "השבעתי", "השבעתיך", "ו-השביע", "ו-נשבע", "ו-נשבע-ך", "ו-נשבע-ם", "ל-השביע", "משביעך", "נשבע-ך"]·HI["और-शपथ-खिलाई", "और-शपथ-दिलाई", "और-शपथ-दिलाऊँगा-तुझे", "और-शपथ-दिलाए", "और-शपथ-ली-उनसे", "कसम-खिलाता-हूँ-तुझे", "मैं-शपथ-दिलाती-हूँ", "मैंने-शपथ-दिलाई-तुझे", "शपथ-खिलाई-तूने-हमसे", "शपथ-दिलन", "शपथ-दिलवाता-हूँ-तुझे", "शपथ-दिलाई", "शपथ-दिलाते-समय", "शपथ-देती-हूँ-मैं"]·ID["Aku-bersumpahkan-kamu", "aku-menyuruhmu-bersumpah", "dan-akan-menyumpahkan", "dan-aku-menyumpahi-mereka", "dan-aku-menyuruh-mereka-bersumpah", "dan-bersumpahlah", "dan-mengambil-sumpah", "dan-menyumpahkan", "kau-mintakan-kami-bersumpah", "ketika-bersumpah", "menyumpahimu", "supaya-aku-menyumpahimu", "telah-bersumpah", "untuk-menyumpahi"]·IT["a-fa-giura", "adjure-tu", "e-dovra-porre-sotto-giuramento", "e-fece-giura", "e-fece-giurare", "e-giurare", "e-io-will-fare-tu-giurare", "giurare", "io-fa-tu-giura", "legò-da-giuramento", "quando-legò-da-giuramento", "tu-fece-noi-giurare"]·jav["Kula-nyumpahaken", "Lajeng-ndhawuhi-sumpah", "Lan-piyambakipun-sumpah", "Lan-supados-kula-sumpahaken-panjenengan", "kangge-njurung", "kula-sumpahaken-panjenengan", "lan-kula-sumpah", "lan-nyumpah", "lan-sumpah", "nalika-sumpah", "ngajengaken-panjenengan-sumpah", "nyumpahaken-panjenengan", "sampeyan-sumpahaken-kawula", "sampun-sumpah"]·KO["그리고-내가-맹세하게-했다-그들에게", "그리고-맹세시켰다", "그리고-맹세하게-하리라", "그리고-맹세하게-하리라-너를", "그리고-맹세하게-하였다", "그리고-맹세하게-했다-내가-그들을", "그리고-맹세하였다", "내-가-맹세시키노라", "내가-맹세하게-했다-너를", "맹세시킨다-너를", "맹세하게-하셨다", "맹세하게-하였다", "맹세하게-했을-때에", "부탁한다-너에게"]·PT["Conjuro-vos", "E-farei-te-jurar", "E-fará-jurar", "E-fez-jurar", "e-fez-jurar", "e-fiz-os-jurar", "e-os-fiz-jurar", "fazer-jurar", "fez-jurar", "fiz-te-jurar", "juramentando-te", "nos-fizeste-jurar", "quando-jurou", "te-conjuro"]·RU["Заклинаю-я", "И-заклял", "И-поклялся", "заклинал-я-тебя", "заклинаю-тебя", "заклял", "заставила-клясться-нас-ты", "и-заклинал", "и-закляну-тебя", "и-заставил-я-клясться-их", "и-поклянётся", "и-привёл-к-клятве-их", "клястися", "когда-заклинал"]·ES["E-hizo-jurar", "Os-conjuro", "cuando-juramentar", "e-hizo-jurar", "juramentó", "nos-hiciste-jurar", "para-hacer-jurar", "te-hago-jurar", "te-hice-jurar", "y-hará-jurar", "y-juró", "y-les-hice-jurar", "y-los-hice-jurar", "y-te-haré-jurar"]·SW["Na-nitakuapisha", "Uhshbia", "akamta", "aliwafanya-kuapa", "kumwapisha", "kwa-kuwafanya-kuapa", "na-akaapa", "na-aliuapisha", "na-kukuonya", "na-nikawaapisha", "nakuapisha", "nawaapisha", "ulituwapisha"]·TR["Ve-yemin-ettirdi", "Ve-yemin-ettireyim-seni", "ant-içirmesinde", "ve-yemin-ettirdi", "ve-yemin-ettirdim-onlara", "ve-yemin-ettirecek", "yemin-ettirdi", "yemin-ettirdim-seni", "yemin-ettirdin-bizi", "yemin-ettiririm", "yemin-ettiriyorum-sana", "yemin-ettiriyorum-seni", "yemin-ettirmeye"]·urd["اور-قسم-دلاؤں-گا-تجھے", "اور-قسم-دلائی", "اور-قسم-دلائی-میں-نے", "اور-قسم-دلائے", "اور-قسم-دلوائی", "اور-قسم-لی", "تجھے-قسم-دُوں", "جب-قسم-دلوائی", "دلوائی-تھی", "قسم-دلایا", "قسم-دیلاؤں-تجھے", "قسم-نہیں-دلوائی-تجھے", "لی-ہے-تو-نے-ہم-سے", "میں-قسم-دلواتی-ہوں"]
3. ligado por juramentos — Forma participial rara o Qal pasivo que describe a quienes están «ligados por juramentos» o vinculados bajo juramento (Ez 21:23). Esta única aparición es textualmente difícil — la Septuaginta y la Siríaca la omiten, y algunos eruditos revocalizan para relacionarla con 'semanas' en vez de 'juramentos.' El pasaje describe el juramento roto de Sedequías a Nabucodonosor, y la expresión subraya la gravedad de la violación del pacto. 1×
AR["مُحَلِّفِو"]·ben["শপথীদের"]·DE["schwoeren"]·EN["sworn-of"]·FR["jurer"]·heb["שבועי"]·HI["शपथें"]·ID["bersumpah"]·IT["giurare"]·jav["sumpah-sumpahipun"]·KO["맹세한-자들의"]·PT["juramentos-de"]·RU["им"]·ES["juramentos-de"]·SW["wanaoapa"]·TR["yemin-edenlerin"]·urd["قسمیں"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
[שָׁבַע186] vb. swear (prob., so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, cf. Thes (as altern.), Gerb 108 ff.; NH Niph. = BH; 𝔗 שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; v. also Dr Gn 21:28 KöHast.DB number, 565 RSSem. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182 We Reste ArabicHeid. 2, 186);— Qal (according to Thes Rob Ges) Pt. pass. שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה,…