H7494 H7494
Quaking, earthquake, or thunderous rumbling; from seismic events to the violent shaking of war and divine theophanies
Ra'ash captures the full spectrum of violent shaking. Amos dates his prophecy to two years before 'the earthquake' (Amos 1:1), while Elijah stood at Horeb as earthquake, wind, and fire passed by — and God was in none of them (1 Kgs 19:11-12). The word extends beyond seismology to the rattling of chariot wheels (Nah 3:2), the trembling of a besieged people (Ezek 12:18), and the terrifying thunder of divine manifestation (Ezek 3:12-13). Spanish 'terremoto' and 'estruendo,' Hindi 'भूकम्प' and 'कंपन,' and Swahili 'tetemeko' all reflect how languages distinguish the seismic from the acoustic.
3. rumbling, thunderous noise — A loud rumbling or thunderous noise, often associated with the wheels of war chariots (Nah 3:2, Jer 47:3) or the awesome sound of divine glory moving (Ezek 3:12-13). The acoustic dimension predominates here over physical motion. Spanish 'estruendo,' Arabic 'رَعْد' (thunder), and Swahili 'mshindo' (loud noise) confirm the auditory focus. 4×
AR["رَعْدٍ","رَعْدِ","مِنْ-ارْتِجَاجِ"]·ben["কম্পনের","গড়গড়ানির-","গর্জন-থেকে"]·DE["Erdbeben","[מרעש]"]·EN["earthquake","from-rumbling-of","rattling-of"]·FR["[מרעש]","tremblement"]·heb["מ-רעש","רעש"]·HI["खड़खड़ाहट","गरजना","से-गरजना"]·ID["dari-gemuruh","gemertak","gemuruh"]·IT["[מרעש]","terremoto"]·jav["gumeter","gumludhug","saking-gumeter"]·KO["떨림에서-","리듭리득","진동의"]·PT["de-estrondo","do-estrondo-de","estrondo"]·RU["грохота","от-грохота"]·ES["desde-estruendo-de","estruendo","estruendo-de"]·SW["-mshindo-wa","kwa-sababu-ya-kishindo-cha","ya-tetemeko"]·TR["-den-gürültüsünden","büyük","gürültüsü","sesini"]·urd["کھڑکھڑاہٹ","گرج-کی","گڑگڑاہٹ-سے"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. earthquake, seismic shaking — A literal earthquake — seismic shaking of the ground. The famous earthquake of Amos 1:1 and Zechariah 14:5, the theophanic quaking at Horeb (1 Kgs 19:11-12), and the eschatological trembling of Ezekiel 38:19 and Isaiah 29:6 all use this sense. Cross-linguistic evidence is remarkably consistent: 'terremoto' (Spa), 'भूकम्प' (Hin), 'زَلْزَلَة' (Ara), '지진' (Kor), 'Erdbeben' (Ger). 7×
AR["ال-زَّلْزَلَةِ","الزَّلْزَلَةِ","زَلْزَالٌ","زَلْزَلَةٌ","في-ال-زَّلْزَلَةِ","وَ-بِـ-زَلْزَلَةٍ"]·ben["ও-কম্পনে-","কম্পন","ভূমিকম্প","ভূমিকম্পে-","ভূমিকম্পের"]·DE["Erdbeben","[וברעש]","das-Erdbeben","der-earthquake","earthquake","in-der-earthquake"]·EN["and-with-earthquake","earthquake","in-the-earthquake","the-earthquake"]·FR["[וברעש]","dans-le-earthquake","earthquake","le-earthquake","tremblement"]·heb["ב-רעש","ה-רעש","ו-ב-רעש","רעש"]·HI["और-से-भूकंप","भूकंप","भूकंप-के","भूकंप-के।","भूकम्प","भूकम्प-के","भूकम्प-में"]·ID["dalam-gempa","dan-dengan-gempa","gempa","gempa-bumi","gempa-itu"]·IT["[וברעש]","il-terremoto","in-il-terremoto","terremoto"]·jav["ing-lindhu","lan-lindhu","lindhu"]·KO["그-지진","그리고-에-지진과","지진","지진-에"]·PT["e-com-terremoto","no-terremoto","o-terremoto","terremoto"]·RU["в-землетрясении","землетрясение","землетрясения","и-землетрясением"]·ES["el-terremoto","en-el-terremoto","terremoto","y-con-terremoto"]·SW["katika-tetemeko","na-kwa-tetemeko","tetemeko"]·TR["deprem","depremde","depremden","depremin","ve-depremle"]·urd["-زلزلے-سے","اور-زلزلے-سے","زلزلہ","زلزلے-میں","زلزلے-کے"]
2. shaking, trembling, commotion — Violent shaking, trembling, or commotion that is not necessarily seismic — the rattling of a quivering spear (Job 41:29), the agitation of a war-horse (Job 39:24), or the trembling of terrified people (Ezek 12:18). Spanish 'estruendo' and 'temblor,' Hindi 'कंपन,' and Arabic 'رَجَفَة' distinguish this broader physical agitation from true earthquake. Isaiah 9:5 uses it for the tumult of battle. 6×
AR["بِارْتِجَاجٍ","بِارْتِعَاشٍ","بِـ-الزَّلْزَلَةِ","رَجَفَةٌ","مِنْ-هَزِّ","وَرَجَفَةٌ"]·ben["-কম্পনের-কাছে","-কাঁপুনিতে","ও-কম্পন","কম্পন","কম্পনে"]·DE["Erdbeben","[ברעש]","[ורעש]","im-Erdbeben","in-Erdbeben","zu-Erdbeben"]·EN["and-a-commotion","at-the-rattling-of","in-shaking","rattling","with-fierceness","with-trembling"]·FR["[ברעש]","[ורעש]","dans-ברעש","tremblement","à-לרעש"]·heb["ב-רעש","ו-רעש","ל-רעש","רעש"]·HI["और-कंपकंपी","कंपन","काँपते-हुए","काँपने-पर","गरजना-में","में-कांपने"]·ID["Dengan-gemuruh","dan-kegemparan","dengan-gemetar","dengan-gemuruh","gemerincing","gemuruh"]·IT["[ברעש]","[ורעש]","in-con-fierceness","nel-terremoto","per-a-the-rattling-of","terremoto"]·jav["Kanthi-geter","dhateng-gegeripun","ing-gumontang","lan-gempa","lindhu","mawi-geter"]·KO["그리고-떨림이라","떨림-과","떨림으로","소란-가운데","진동이","흔들림-을"]·PT["Com-impeto","com-tremor","do-tremor-de-","e-tremor","em-tremído","estremecimento"]·RU["и-сотрясение","над-дрожанием","с-грохотом","с-трепетом","шум"]·ES["Con-estruendo","con-estruendo","con-temblor","de-estruendo-de","estruendo;","y-estruendo"]·SW["kwa-kelele","kwa-kutetemeka","kwa-mshtuko","kwa-msisimko","mtetemeko","na-tetemeko"]·TR["Heyecanla","sallamasına","sarsinti-ile","sarsıntı","titremeyle","ve-sarsıntı"]·urd["اور-زلزلہ","تھرتھراہٹ-میں","تھرتھراہٹ-پر","کانپتے-ہوئے","کڑکڑاہٹ-میں","کھڑکھڑاہٹ"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† רַ֫עַשׁ n.m. Je 10:22 quaking, shaking;—ר׳ abs. 1 K 19:11 +, cstr. Na 3:2; Jb 41:21;— 1. specif. earthquake, Am 1:1; Zc 14:5; 1 K 19:11(×2), 12; fig. of י׳’s judgment Is 29:6; Ez 38:19; cf. (in vision) קוֹל ר׳ גָּדוֹל 3:12, 13; prob. also 37:7 (𝔊 Thes Co Krae; > rustling, rattling, Hi-Sm Toy); hence hyperbol. of shaking of earth by tramping of warriors Is 9:4, by war-chariots Je 47:3, cf.…