רִאשׁוֹן182 H7223
Primero, anterior, principal; como adjetivo ordinal, temporal o sustantivado: las cosas anteriores, los antepasados, el principio.
Derivado de la raíz r-'-sh ('cabeza'), este adjetivo va desde la simple numeración ordinal ('el primer mes,' Éx 12:15) hasta el teológicamente denso 'las cosas primeras' de la profecía isaiana (Is 41:22; 43:18). Puede mirar hacia atrás, a los antepasados y generaciones anteriores (Lv 26:45; Dt 4:32), o funcionar como adverbio con el sentido de 'al principio, en el comienzo.' La construcción comparativa con kaph — 'como al principio' — lleva una nota de restauración, un anhelo de retorno al estado original (Dt 9:18; Is 1:26). El árabe awwal y el coreano cheot-beonjjae confirman el doble alcance temporal-ordinal.
Sentidos
1. primero (ordinal) — Ordinal directo 'primero' en una secuencia: primer mes, primer día, primer hijo. Este es el uso dominante (107 de 182 apariciones), anclando listas calendáricas y genealógicas a lo largo del Pentateuco y los libros históricos (Gn 25:25; Éx 12:15). 107×
AR["-الأَوَّلَ", "الأوَّلِ", "الأَوَّلَ", "الأَوَّلِ", "الأُولَى", "الْ-أَوَّلِ", "الْأَوَّلُ", "الْأَوَّلِ", "الْـ-أَوَّلِ", "الْـأَوَّلِ"]·ben["-প্রথম", "-প্রথমকে", "-সেই-প্রথম", "প্রথম", "প্রথমের"]·DE["dem-ersten", "der-Erste", "der-erste", "der-ersten", "der-erster"]·EN["the-first"]·FR["le-premier"]·heb["ה-ראשון"]·HI["पहला", "पहले", "पहले-की", "पहले-वाले"]·ID["pertama", "yang-pertama"]·IT["il-primo"]·jav["ingkang-kapisan", "ingkang-rumiyin", "ingkang-sapisan", "kaping-sepisan", "kapisan", "sapisan", "sapisan-punika"]·KO["그-처음", "그-처음-의", "그-처음이", "그-첫-번째", "그-첫째", "첫-번째의", "첫째", "첫째에게"]·PT["a-primeira", "o-primeiro"]·RU["-первому", "первого", "первом", "первый"]·ES["el-primero", "la-primera", "primero"]·SW["kwanza", "wa-kwanza", "ya-kwanza"]·TR["-birinci", "-birinciye", "-ilk", "birinci", "birincinin", "ilki"]·urd["-پہلا", "-پہلے", "پہلی", "پہلے"]
Gen 25:25, Gen 26:1, Gen 32:17, Exod 4:8, Exod 12:15, Exod 12:15, Exod 12:16, Exod 40:2, Exod 40:17, Lev 4:21, Lev 23:5, Lev 23:7 (+38 más)
2. anterior, previo — Adjetivo que significa 'anterior' o 'previo,' contrastando un estado pasado con uno presente o posterior. Oseas 2:9 lo usa para el 'primer marido' de la esposa, y Hageo 2:3 para la 'gloria primera' del templo. El matiz temporal-comparativo queda bien captado por el español anterior. 33×
AR["الأَوَّلَ", "الأَوَّلِ", "الأَوَّلِينَ", "الأُولَى", "الْ-أُولَى", "الْأَوَّلونَ", "الْأَوَّلُونَ", "الْأَوَّلِ", "الْأَوَّلِينَ", "الْأُولَى", "كَانَتِ"]·ben["-প্রথম", "-প্রথমের", "-প্রধান", "-সেই-প্রথম", "পূর্বের", "প্রথম", "প্রথমদের", "প্রথমের", "সেই-প্রথমটির"]·DE["der-erste", "der-erster", "erster"]·EN["the-chief", "the-first", "the-former"]·FR["le-premier", "premier"]·heb["ה-ראשון", "ה-ראשונה", "ה-ראשונים", "ה-ראשנים"]·HI["-के-पहला", "-पहली", "पहला", "पहलि", "पहली", "पहली-से", "पहले", "पहले-के", "पहले-वाले", "प्रमुखों-में-से"]·ID["-pertama", "Pertama", "dahulu", "pertama", "terdahulu", "yang-dahulu", "yang-pertama", "yang-terdahulu", "yang-terutama"]·IT["il-former", "il-primo", "primo"]·jav["-ingkang-rumiyin", "ingkang-kaping-setunggal", "ingkang-kapisan", "ingkang-luhur", "ingkang-rumiyin", "kang-rumiyin", "kang-wiwitan", "kapisan", "kina", "rumiyin", "sapisan"]·KO["그-예전의", "그-이전의", "그-처음의", "그-첨째의", "그-첫째", "예전의", "으뜸가는", "이전의", "처음-의", "처음의"]·PT["a-primeira", "os-primeiros", "os-primeiros,", "primeiros"]·RU["-первое", "-прежние", "-прежних", "первое", "первой", "первый", "первым", "первых", "прежние", "прежних"]·ES["la-primera", "los-primeros", "primera", "primeros"]·SW["cha-kwanza", "la-kwanza", "vya-kwanza", "wa-awali", "wa-kwanza", "ya-kwanza", "za-kwanza"]·TR["-ilkinden", "başlıca", "birinci", "birincinin", "ilk", "onceki", "önceki", "önceki-", "öncekilerin-o", "öncelerin"]·urd["ال-پہلے", "پہلا", "پہلی", "پہلی-جیسی۔", "پہلے"]
Gen 40:13, Num 6:12, Num 21:26, Deut 10:4, Deut 24:4, Judg 20:39, Ruth 3:10, 1 Sam 14:14, 1 Sam 17:30, 2 Kgs 17:34, 2 Kgs 17:40, 1 Chr 24:7 (+21 más)
3. al principio, antes — Uso adverbial con preposiciones (ba-rishonah, ka-rishonah) con el sentido de 'al principio,' 'en el comienzo' o 'en tiempos pasados.' Génesis 13:4 señala el lugar donde Abram había construido 'al principio' un altar. Es un uso preposicional fosilizado. 15×
AR["أوَّلًا", "أَوَّلاً", "أَوَّلًا", "في-الأوَّلِ", "في-الأَوَّلِ", "فِي-الـ-بِدَايَةِ", "فِي-الْ-أَوَّلِ", "فِي-الْأَوَّلِ"]·ben["-কারণে", "প্রথমবার", "প্রথমে", "প্রাচীনকালে", "যেমন", "শুরুতে"]·DE["bei-der-erster", "bei-erster", "erster", "in-der-former-Zeit", "zuerst"]·EN["at-first", "at-the-first", "in-the-former-time"]·FR["dans-le-former-temps", "premier", "à-le-premier", "à-premier"]·heb["ב-ה-ראשונה", "ב-ה-ראשנה", "ב-ראשונה", "ל-ב-ה-מבראשונה", "ל-ה-ראשנה", "ל-ראשונה"]·HI["पहले", "पहले-कि-बार", "पहले-से", "में-पहले", "शुरू-में"]·ID["dahulu", "pada-awalnya", "pada-mulanya", "pertama-tama", "yang-pertama"]·IT["a-il-primo", "a-primo", "in-il-primo-tempo", "nel-primo", "primo"]·jav["ing-jaman-rumiyin", "ing-sak-waunipun", "ing-sapisan", "ing-wiwitan", "ing-wiwitanipun", "ingkang-rumiyin", "ingkang-wiwitan", "wiwitanipun", "wonten-ing-wiwitan"]·KO["그-처음에", "에-에-처음-에", "에-처음", "에-처음-에", "에-처음에", "옆날에", "처음-에", "처음에", "처음에-", "처음에는"]·PT["antigamente", "na-primeira-vez", "no-começo", "no-primeiro", "no-princípio", "primeiro"]·RU["в-начале", "в-первую-очередь", "в-первый-раз", "в-прежние-времена", "вначале", "прежде"]·ES["al-principio", "antes", "en-la-primera-vez", "en-lo-primero", "primero"]·SW["hapo-awali", "hapo-kwanza", "kwanza", "mara-ya-kwanza", "mwanzoni", "zamani"]·TR["başlangıçta", "ilk-başta", "ilk-defada", "ilk-seferde", "ilk-önce", "once", "önce-", "önceden", "önceki"]·urd["شروع-میں", "پہلے", "پہلے-پہل", "پہلے۔"]
Gen 13:4, Gen 28:19, Josh 8:5, Josh 8:6, Josh 8:33, Judg 18:29, 2 Sam 7:10, 2 Sam 20:18, 1 Kgs 20:9, 1 Chr 15:13, 1 Chr 17:9, Neh 7:5 (+3 más)
4. como al principio — La construcción comparativa ka-rishon/ka-rishonah — 'como al principio,' 'como el primero' — que expresa restauración o retorno a una condición original. Las segundas tablas de Moisés 'como las primeras' (Éx 34:1) y la promesa profética de jueces 'como al principio' (Is 1:26) portan matices de restauración pactual. 12×
AR["كَ-الأَوَّلِ", "كَ-الـ-أُولَى", "كَ-فِي-الْ-أَوَّلِ", "كَالْأَوَّلِ", "كَالْأُولَى", "كَالْأُولَيْنِ", "كَـ-الأولَينِ", "كَـ-الأُولَيينِ", "كَـ-الْأُولَى", "كَمَا-فِي-الأَوَّلِ"]·ben["-আগের-মতো", "-প্রথমের-মতো", "আগের-মতো", "প্রথমগুলির-মতো", "প্রথমবারের-মতো", "প্রথমের-মত", "প্রথমের-মতো", "যেমন-প্রথমে"]·DE["erster", "wie-bei-der-erster", "wie-bei-erster", "wie-der-erster"]·EN["as-at-first", "as-at-the-first", "as-the-first", "like-the-first"]·FR["comme-le-premier", "comme-à-le-premier", "comme-à-premier", "premier"]·heb["כ-ב-ה-ראשונה", "כ-ב-ראשונה", "כ-ה-כראשון", "כ-ראשונה", "כ-ראשונים"]·HI["की-तरह-पहली", "जैसी-पहले", "जैसे-पहले", "पहली-जैसी", "पहले-की-तरह", "पहलों-जैसी"]·ID["seperti-dahulu", "seperti-pada-mulanya", "seperti-pertama", "seperti-semula", "seperti-yang-pertama", "yang-dahulu"]·IT["come-a-il-primo", "come-a-primo", "come-il-primo", "primo"]·jav["kados-ingkang-kapisan", "kados-ingkang-rumiyin", "kados-ingkang-sapisan,", "kados-ingkang-sapisan;", "kados-ingkang-sepisan", "kados-rumiyin", "kados-sakawit", "kados-sapisan"]·KO["같으니라-처음에", "에-처음같이", "처음-같이", "처음-것들-같이", "처음것들처럼", "처음과-같이", "처음처럼"]·PT["como-a-primeira-vez", "como-as-primeiras", "como-na-primeira-vez", "como-no-princípio", "como-o-primeiro"]·RU["как-в-первый-раз", "как-вначале", "как-первого", "как-первое", "как-первые", "как-прежде"]·ES["como-al-principio", "como-el-primero", "como-la-primera", "como-la-primera-vez", "como-las-primeras"]·SW["kama-mwanzoni", "kama-vile-vya-kwanza", "kama-wa-kwanza", "kama-ya-kwanza", "kama-za-kwanza"]·TR["eskisi-gibi", "ilki-gibi", "ilkiler-gibi", "ka-önceki-gibi", "onceki-gibi", "önceki-gibi", "öncekiler-gibi"]·urd["جیسے-پہلی", "جیسے-پہلے", "پہلی-جیسی", "پہلی-کی-طرح", "پہلے-کی-طرح"]
5. antepasados, los primeros — Sustantivo masculino plural ha-rishonim, 'los primeros,' referido a antepasados o predecesores. Levítico 26:45 invoca el pacto de 'los primeros' sacados de Egipto. Deuteronomio 4:32 dirige la indagación hacia 'los días primeros.' El uso personaliza la historia como memoria viva de un pueblo. 7×
AR["-الْأَوَّلِينَ", "الأَوَّلِينَ", "الْأَوَّلُونَ", "الْأَوَّلِينَ", "الْأُولَى", "لِلْأَوَّلِينَ"]·ben["-প্রথমদের", "পূর্ববর্তী", "পূর্ববর্তীদের", "প্রথম", "প্রথমদের;", "প্রথমেরা", "প্রাচীনদের"]·DE["erster", "former", "former-die"]·EN["former", "former-ones", "of-the-former-ones", "the-first-ones"]·FR["anciens", "former", "premier"]·heb["ה-ראשנים", "ל-ראשונים", "ראשונים", "ראשנים"]·HI["पहले", "पहले-के", "पहलों-का", "पहलों-की", "पहलों-ने", "पहलोंको"]·ID["dahulu", "orang-orang-dahulu", "tentang-yang-dahulu", "yang-dahulu", "yang-pertama", "yang-terdahulu"]·IT["al-primo", "former", "former-quelli", "primo"]·jav["ingkang-ribèn", "ingkang-rumiyin", "ingkang-rumińyin", "rumiyin", "tumrap-ingkang-rumiyin"]·KO["그-첫째들을", "옆날-사람들이", "옛날의", "이전-의", "처음-것들-의", "처음의"]·PT["antigos", "os-primeiros", "para-os-primeiros", "passadas", "primeiros"]·RU["о-прежних", "первые", "первых", "прежние"]·ES["antepasados", "de-los-primeros", "los-primeros", "primeras", "primeros"]·SW["wa-awali", "wa-kwanza", "wa-zamani", "wakubwa", "ya-wa-kwanza", "za-zamani"]·TR["ilk", "ilk-olanların", "oncekilerin", "öncekiler", "öncekilerin"]·urd["پہلوں-نے", "پہلوں-کو", "پہلوں-کی", "پہلوں-کے", "پہلے", "پہلے-کی"]
6. cosas anteriores (profético) — Sustantivo femenino plural ha-rishonot, 'las cosas primeras' o anteriores: eventos, profecías u obras divinas previas, concentradas en los discursos de juicio de Isaías (Is 41:22; 42:9; 43:9, 18; 46:9). La capacidad de Dios de declarar 'las cosas primeras' que se cumplieron valida la nueva profecía. Un uso teológicamente distintivo de Isaías. 6×
AR["الأُولَيَاتُ", "الأُولَيَاتِ", "وَالأُولَيَاتِ"]·ben["-প্রথম-বিষয়গুলো", "এবং-প্রথমগুলি", "প্রথম", "প্রথম-বিষয়গুলো", "প্রথমগুলি", "প্রথমগুলিকে"]·DE["erster", "und-erster"]·EN["The-former-things", "and-former-things", "former-things", "what"]·FR["et-premier", "premier"]·heb["ה-ראשונות", "ו-ראשונות", "ראשונות"]·HI["और-पहलीं", "पहली", "पहली-बातें", "पहली-बातों-को", "पहलीं"]·ID["Hal-hal-yang-dahulu", "dan-hal-hal-yang-dahulu", "hal-hal-yang-dahulu"]·IT["e-primo", "primo"]·jav["Prekawis-ingkang-kapisan", "lan-prekawis-ingkang-kapisan", "prekawis-ingkang-kapisan"]·KO["그리고-처음-것들을", "처음-것들을", "처음-것들이"]·PT["As-primeiras-coisas", "as-primeiras", "as-primeiras-coisas", "coisas-anteriores", "e-primeiras-coisas"]·RU["-прежнее", "и-прежнее", "прежнее"]·ES["Las-primeras-cosas", "cosas-primeras", "las-cosas-primeras", "las-primeras-cosas", "y-las-cosas-primeras"]·SW["Mambo-ya-kwanza", "Ya-kwanza", "mambo-ya-kwanza", "na-ya-kwanza", "ya-kwanza"]·TR["Onceki-seyleri", "Oncekiler", "onceki-seyleri", "oncekiler", "oncekileri", "ve-oncekileri"]·urd["اور-پہلی-باتیں", "پہلی-باتیں"]
7. principal, preeminente — Una aparición aislada en 1 Crónicas 18:17 donde el plural parece significar 'principales' o 'destacados,' describiendo a los hijos de David. El sentido refleja una extensión de 'primero en secuencia' a 'primero en importancia,' paralelo al árabe awwal que también puede significar 'preeminente.' 1×
AR["الْأَوَائِلُ"]·ben["রাজা-এর"]·DE["erster"]·EN["the-chief"]·FR["premier"]·heb["ה-ראשנים"]·HI["प्रधान"]·ID["yang-pertama"]·IT["primo"]·jav["ingkang-kapisan"]·KO["그-첫째들"]·PT["os-principais"]·RU["·-первые"]·ES["los-primeros"]·SW["wa-kwanza"]·TR["baş"]·urd["پہلے"]
8. desde el principio — Un uso singular en Jeremías 17:12 en la frase me-rishon, 'desde el principio,' describiendo el trono de gloria como exaltado 'desde lo primero.' Este sentido temporal absoluto apunta a un origen primordial, aproximándose al significado del hebreo qedem. 1×
AR["مُنْذُ-الْبَدْءِ"]·ben["আদি-থেকে"]·DE["erster"]·EN["from-beginning"]·FR["premier"]·heb["מ-ראשון"]·HI["से-आरम्भ-से"]·ID["dari-semula"]·IT["primo"]·jav["saking-wiwitan;"]·KO["처음-부터의"]·PT["desde-o-princípio,"]·RU["от-начала"]·ES["desde-el-principio"]·SW["tangu-mwanzo"]·TR["den-başlangıç"]·urd["ابتدا-سے"]
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
רִאשׁוֹן182 adj. former, first, chief (i heightened from orig. a, v. √);—abs. ר׳ Ho 2:19 +, שֹׁן- Ex 12:15 +, רִישׁוֹן Jb 8:8, cstr. רִאשׁוֹן Jb 15:7 Qr (Kt ראישון, and so always Cod. Sam. Pent., v. Köii. 1. 225 n); f. רִאשֹׁנָה Ju 20:37 + (Jos 21:10 Kt ראישנה, v. supr.); mpl. רִאשֹׁנִים Ex 34:1 +, fpl. רִאשֹׁנוֹת Is 41:22 +, etc.;— 1. former: a. in time, former of two Gn 25:25 (J), 41:20 (E), Dt…