H6531 H6531
Harshness, severity, ruthlessness; always in the phrase 'with harshness' describing oppressive rule or forced labor
An abstract noun appearing exclusively in the prepositional phrase be-farekh ('with harshness'), describing the cruel treatment of those under authority. Egypt worked Israel with ruthlessness (Exod 1:13-14), and the Holiness Code three times forbids ruling over fellow Israelites with severity (Lev 25:43, 46, 53). Ezekiel 34:4 extends the indictment to Israel's own shepherds who ruled the flock with harshness. The word thus functions as a moral barometer for the abuse of power — a warning that echoes from Pharaoh's brick-pits to Israel's own leadership failures.
Senses
1. harshness, severity — Harshness, severity, or ruthlessness in the exercise of power over people, always occurring in the phrase be-farekh ('with harshness'). Exod 1:13-14 describes Egyptian oppression of Israel; Lev 25:43, 46, 53 prohibit Israelites from ruling fellow countrymen this way; Ezek 34:4 condemns Israel's shepherds for the same cruelty. Spanish rigor and dureza ('rigor, hardness') and German Härte all converge on the sense of brutal, oppressive treatment. The consistent pairing with verbs of ruling (radah) and working (avad) anchors the word firmly in contexts of exploitative authority. 6×
AR["بِ-قَسَاوَةٍ", "بِ-قَسْوَةٍ", "وَبِقَسْوَةٍ"]·ben["-তে-কঠোরতায়", "-তে-কঠোরতায়;", "-তে-কঠোরতায়।", "আর-নিষ্ঠুরতায়।", "কঠোরতায়"]·DE["[ובפרך]", "mit-harshness"]·EN["and-with-severity", "with-harshness"]·FR["avec-harshness", "et-voile"]·heb["ב-פרך", "ו-ב-פרך"]·HI["कठोरता-से"]·ID["atasnya", "dan-dengan-kekejaman.", "dengan-kejam", "dengan-kekerasan"]·IT["[ובפרך]", "con-harshness"]·jav["kanthi-keras", "lan-kanthi-kebengisan", "mawi-kasar", "mawi-kasar.", "mawi-kasar;"]·KO["가혹하게", "그리고-가혹함으로", "혹독하게"]·PT["com-rigor", "e-com-rigor"]·RU["жестоко", "и-жестокостью", "тяжело"]·ES["con-dureza", "con-rigor", "y-con-dureza."]·SW["kwa-ukali", "kwa-ukatili", "na-kwa-ukatili"]·TR["-de-sertlik", "ve-sertlikle", "şiddetle"]·urd["اور-ظلم-سے", "سختی-سے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† פֶּ֫רֶךְ n.[m.] harshness, severity;—in phr. בְּפ׳ Lv 25:53, בְּפָ֑רֶךְ v 43, 46 (H P), Ez 34:4 (all c. רדה rule harshly); Ex 1:13 (c. וַיַּעֲבִדוּ), v 14 (c. עֲבֹדָה; both P).