1. smoke, emit smoke — To smoke or emit smoke, used of mountains and natural phenomena manifesting divine presence. Mount Sinai smoked when YHWH descended upon it in fire (Exod 19:18). The mountains smoke at God's touch (Ps 104:32, 144:5). God's anger smokes against the flock of his pasture (Ps 74:1, Deut 29:20). Arabic consistently uses دَخَّنَ/يَدْخُنُ (to smoke/emit smoke), Korean 연기 나다 (smoke comes out), Spanish humear (to smoke/fume), Hindi धुआँ/धूमना (smoke/to fume). The French rendering fumée (smoke) is uniform. The apparent split between 'smoke' and 'be angry' reflects not two different lexical senses but one metaphorical extension: God's wrath is depicted as smoking fury, with Ps 80:4 'your anger smokes' using the same verb. The cross-linguistic evidence confirms this: Arabic تَغْضَبُ (be angry) in Ps 80:4 but يَدْخُنُ (smoke) elsewhere shows translators interpreting the metaphor differently, though the Hebrew verb itself is unitary. 6×
AR["تَغْضَبُ","دَخَّنَ","وَ-تُدَخِّن","وَتُدَخِّنُ","يَدْخُنُ"]·ben["এবং-ধূমায়িত-হবে।","এবং-সেগুলি-ধোঁয়া-ওঠে","জ্বলবে","তুমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-হবে","ধূমায়িত","ধোঁয়া-ওঠে"]·DE["smoked","smokes","tut-Rauch","und-sie-Rauch","wird-du-sein-angry"]·EN["and-they-smoke","does-smoke","smoked","smokes","will-You-be-angry"]·FR["et-fumée","fumée","smoked","smokes"]·heb["ו-יעשנו","יעשן","עשן","עשנת"]·HI["और-वे-धुआँएं","और-वे-धूमते-हैं","तू-क्रोधित-रहेगा","धुआं-रहा-था","धूमेगा"]·ID["Engkau-berasap","berasap","dan-berasap"]·IT["e-fumo","fumo","smoked","smokes"]·jav["Panjenengan-ngebul","kebul","lan-mugi-kebul","lan-sami-kukus","murub","ngebul"]·KO["그리고-연기-내리라-그것들-이","그리하여-연기가-나리라","연기-나리라","연기-나시나이까","연기가-났다","주께서-노하시나이까"]·PT["e-eles-fumegam","e-fumegarão","estarás-irado","fumega","fumegará","fumegava"]·RU["воздымится","дымилась","дымится","дымишься-Ты","и-дымятся","и-задымятся"]·ES["echarás-humo","humea","humeaba","humeará","y-humean","y-humeen"]·SW["inatoka-moshi","moshi","na-ifuke-moshi","na-inatoa-moshi","utakuwa-na-hasira","utawaka"]·TR["duman-çıkaracaksın","tüter","tütüdü","ve-tüter","ve-tütsünler"]·urd["اور-وہ-دھواں-دیتے-ہیں","بھڑکے","تاکہ-وہ-دھواں-دیں","دھوئیں-دیتا-ہے","دھوئیں-رہے-گا-تُو","دھواں-میں-تھا"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† עָשַׁן vb. denom. smoke, be wroth;— Qal 1. a. smoke, Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ of mt. Ex 19:18, so Impf. 3 mpl. יֶעֱשָׁ֑נוּ (at touch of י׳) ψ 104:32; 144:5. b. fig., 3 ms. יֶעְשַׁן אַף־י׳, c. ב against, Dt 29:19 ψ 74:1. Hence 2. subj. pers., fume, i.e. be wroth, Pf. 2 ms. עָשַׁנְתָּ בּ׳ ψ 80:5.