H5921 H5921
Aramaic preposition 'al: upon, over, to (spatial); about, concerning (topical); against (adversative).
The Aramaic preposition 'al in Daniel and Jeremiah carries the same tripartite range as its Hebrew cognate. Its primary sense is spatial -- 'upon' or 'over' someone, as when sovereignty is set 'over' the kingdom of men (Dan 4:17, 32). Spanish 'sobre' (upon/over) and German 'ueber' consistently render this spatial core. In Dan 5:14, 16 it shifts to topical meaning -- 'about you' or 'concerning you' -- as reports of Daniel's wisdom reach the king. The rarest use is adversative: in Jeremiah 49:30, Nebuchadnezzar devises a plan 'against you,' where Spanish 'contra ustedes' makes the hostile intent unmistakable.
1. upon, over, to (spatial/directional) — Spatial and directional: 'upon, over, to' -- indicating position above or movement toward a person or place. This is the default sense across Daniel's Aramaic passages, where dominion is set 'over' kingdoms (Dan 4:17, 32) and fire has no power 'over' the bodies of the faithful (Dan 3:12). Spanish 'sobre' and French 'sur' consistently track this spatial meaning. 6×
AR["(عَلَيْكَ)","(عَلَيْهَا)","(عِنْدَكَ)"]·ben["(আপনার-প্রতি)","(এর-উপর)","(তোমার-উপর)","(তোমার-উপরে)","(তোমার-কাছে)"]·DE["ging-hinauf","ueber"]·EN["(qere:over-it)","(qere:over-you)","(qere:to-you)"]·FR["il-est-monté","sur"]·heb["עליה","עליך"]·HI["(उस-पर)","(तुझ-पर)","(तुझे)","तुझ-पर"]·ID["atasmu","atasnya","kepadamu"]·IT["su"]·jav["(dhateng-panjenengan)","(wonten-piyambakipun)","dhateng-panjenengan","ing-panjenengan","ing-piyambakipun"]·KO["(그-위에)","(너-위에)","(당신-에게)","(당신-위에)","당신에게"]·PT["(sobre-ele)","(sobre-ti)","a-ti"]·RU["(на-тебя)","(над-ним)","(над-тобой)","(тебе)"]·ES["(sobre-ti)","(sobre-él)"]·SW["(juu-yake)","(juu-yako)","(kwako)"]·TR["(sana)","(üzerinden)","(üzerine)"]·urd["اُس-پر","تجھ-پر","تجھے","تیری"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
2. about, concerning — Topical: 'about, concerning' -- the preposition marks the subject matter of speech or report rather than physical location. When the queen tells Belshazzar what she has heard 'about' Daniel (Dan 5:14, 16), 'al shifts from spatial to discursive. Spanish 'de ti' (about you) and English 'about you' distinguish this from the spatial 'over you.' 2×
AR["(عَنْكَ)"]·ben["(তোমার-বিষয়ে)"]·DE["ueber"]·EN["(qere:about-you)"]·FR["sur"]·heb["עליך"]·HI["(तेरे-बारे-में)"]·ID["tentangmu"]·IT["su"]·jav["(bab-panjenengan)"]·KO["(당신-에-대하여)"]·PT["(sobre-ti)"]·RU["(о-тебе)"]·ES["(de-ti)"]·SW["(kukuhusu)"]·TR["(senin-hakkında)"]·urd["تیرے-بارے-میں"]
3. against (adversative) — Adversative: 'against' -- expressing opposition or hostile intent. In Jeremiah 49:30, Nebuchadnezzar has devised a plan 'against you' (the inhabitants of Hazor). Spanish 'contra ustedes' makes the hostility explicit, distinguishing this from the neutral spatial or topical senses. This adversative usage appears in contexts of military threat or divine judgment. 1×
AR["عَلَيْكُمْ"]·ben["তোমাদের-বিরুদ্ধে"]·DE["[(עליכם)]"]·EN["(against-you)"]·FR["[(עליכם)]"]·heb["עליכם"]·HI["तुम-के-विरुद्ध"]·ID["melawan-kamu"]·IT["[(עליכם)]"]·jav["tumrap-panjenengan"]·KO["(너희에게-대항하여)"]·PT["(contra-vós)"]·RU["против-вас"]·ES["contra-ustedes"]·SW["dhidi-yenu"]·TR["-e-size"]·urd["تمہارے-پر"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
## H5921 —
*Hebrew Prep | 3fs* | 9 occurrences | 3 senses
### 1. upon, over, to (spatial/directional) (6 occ.)
The preposition al with spatial or directional meaning 'upon, over, to (you/it),' indicating position above or movement toward. S123879 'to you / over you' and S123881 'over it' share this core spatial semantics. Arabic alayka/alayha (upon you/upon it), Spanish 'sobre ti / sobre él'…