נָכָה501 H5221
to strike, smite, hit; to kill, defeat; to beat, wound; to afflict with plague; to clap (hands)
This verb of violent impact appears 502 times, never in Qal but almost exclusively in Hifil causative ('cause to be struck'), with rare Niphal passive, Pual passive, and Hofal. The semantic core is physical striking, but context determines whether the blow is military (smiting enemies in battle, 362x), disciplinary (beating a person, 35x), lethal (striking dead, 21x), or divine (afflicting with plague, 19x). A delightful outlier: clapping hands (4x). Multilingual evidence shows Spanish distinguishing golpear (hit personally) from herir (wound in battle) from matar (kill), Korean separating 치다 (strike generically), 때리다 (beat personally), and 죽이다 (kill), while Hebrew uses the single Hifil stem for all, letting context and object determine intensity.
7. Hifil: to strike an object/entity — Striking non-personal objects (14x): land, city, water, rock. 'I will strike the water of the Nile' (Exod 7:17), 'You shall strike the rock' (Exod 17:6), 'Joshua struck the land' (Josh 10:28, 30). Feminine pronominal suffixes (הָ, אֹתָהּ, 'it/her') and neuter English 'it' mark the inanimate direct object, Korean 치다 (strike object), Spanish golpear/atacar (strike/attack). Objects rather than persons receive the blow. 14×
AR["أَضْرِبُهُ","فَ-ضَرَبَتْ","فَـ-ضَرَبَهَا","لِ-يَضْرِبَهَا","وَ-ضَرَبوها","وَ-ضَرَبَها","وَ-يَضْرِبُ-ها","وَ-يَضْرِبُهُ","وَضَرَبُوهَا"]·ben["আমি-আঘাত-করব-তাকে","আর-আক্রমণ-করে-সেটাকে","এবং-আঘাত-করল","এবং-আঘাত-করল-তাকে","এবং-আঘাত-করল-তাকে-","ও-তিনি-তাকে-আঘাত-করবেন","মারতে-তাকে"]·DE["ich-wird-schlagen-es","und-schlagen","und-schlug","und-schlug-es","und-schlug-es-","und-schlägt-es","und-sie-schlug-es","zu-schlagen-es"]·EN["I-will-strike-it","and-he-will-strike-it","and-it-struck","and-strikes-it","and-struck","and-struck-it","and-struck-it-","and-they-struck-it","to-strike-it"]·FR["et-frappa-cela","et-frappa-il","et-frappa-il-","et-frapper","et-ils-frappa-il","et-strikes-cela","je-fera-frapper-cela","à-frapper-cela"]·heb["אכנו","ו-היכהו","ו-היכוה","ו-הכה","ו-הכה-ו","ו-הכהו","ו-הכוה","ו-הכוה-","ו-תך","ל-הכתה"]·HI["और-मारा","और-मारा-उन्होंने","और-मारा-उसे","और-मारी","और-मारे-उसे","और-वह-मारेगा-उसे","मारने-को-उसे","मारूंगा-उसे"]·ID["Aku-akan-memukul","dan-memukul","dan-memukulilah-mereka-nya","dan-memukulnya","dan-menerpalah","dan-menyerang-nya","dan-menyeranglah","dan-mereka-memukul-nya","untuk-memukulnya"]·IT["a-colpire-esso","e-colpire","e-colpì-esso","e-colpì-esso-","e-essi-colpì-esso","e-strikes-esso","io-fara-colpire-esso"]·jav["Aku-badhe-nggebug-piyambakipun","lan-Panjenenganipun-badhé-nggebag","lan-ngalahaken-menika","lan-ngalahaken-menika-","lan-ngasoraken","lan-nggebúg","lan-nuthuk","lan-nyakot","lan-piyambakipun-nyerang-piyambakipun","nggebug-piyambakipun"]·KO["그리고-그들이-쳤다-그것을","그리고-쳤다","그리고-쳤다-","그리고-쳤다-그것을","그리고-쳤다-그녀-를","그리고-쳤으니라","그리고-친다면","내가-칠-것이다","쳤던-것-에-그것을","치시리라"]·PT["Ferirei-o","a-feri-la","e-a-feriram","e-a-golpeou","e-ferir-o","e-feriram-a","e-feriram-na","e-feriu","e-feriu-a","e-golpeará-ele"]·RU["бить-её","и-поразил","и-поразил-его","и-поразил-её","и-поразили-его","и-поразили-его-","и-поразило","и-поразит-его","и-поразит-её","и-ударила-его","поражу-его"]·ES["Lo-heriré","a-golpearla","y-ataco","y-golpeo","y-hiriere-lo","y-la-atacaron","y-la-golpeó","y-la-hirieron","y-la-hirió","y-lo-herirá"]·SW["Nitawapiga","kumpiga","na-akaiipiga","na-akaipiga","na-akaupiga","na-ataupiga","na-likaupiga","na-ukalipiga","na-wakaiipiga","na-wakaiipiga-","na-wakaipiga","na-wakaupiga"]·TR["ve-düştü","ve-vuracak-onu","ve-vurdu","ve-vurdu-onu","ve-vurdular-onu","ve-vurdular-onu-","ve-vurursa-onu","vuracağım-onu","vurmak-için-onu"]·urd["اور-مارا","اور-مارا-اُسے","اور-مارا-اُسے-","اور-ماری","اور-مارے-اُسے","اور-مارے-گا-اُسے","مارنے-کو-اُسے","ماروں-گا-اُنہیں"]
Gen 32:8, Num 14:12, Num 22:25, Josh 10:28, Josh 10:30, Josh 10:32, Josh 10:35, Josh 10:37, Judg 1:8, Judg 7:13, 2 Kgs 3:25, Isa 11:15 (+2 more)
▼ 14 more senses below
Senses
1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies — The primary military Hifil (362x) dominates Scripture's warfare narratives. Moses 'struck Egypt with all His plagues' (Exod 7:20, 8:17, 9:25), Joshua 'struck the Canaanites' (Josh 10:28-40 repeatedly), David 'struck the Philistines' (2 Sam 5:20, 8:1). All languages use generic 'strike/smite': Spanish herir/golpear, Korean 치다, Arabic ضَرَبَ, Swahili piga. The military context involves striking enemies, armies, cities in battle, with varying lethality. 362×
AR["فَ-قَتَلَ","فَضَرَبَ","فَـ-ضَرَبَ","وَ-ضَرَبَ","وَ-ضَرَبَ-","وَ-ضَرَبَهُم","وَضَرَبَ"]·ben["এবং-আঘাত-করল","এবং-আঘাত-করলেন","এবং-আঘাত-করলেন-","এবং-মারল","এবং-সে-আঘাত-করল","ও-আঘাত-করল"]·DE["und-He-schlug","und-er-schlug","und-schlug","und-schlug-"]·EN["and-He-struck","and-he-struck","and-struck","and-struck-"]·FR["et-Il-frappa","et-frappa","et-frappa-","et-il-frappa"]·heb["ו-הכה","ו-יך"]·HI["और-मारा","और-वह-मारा"]·ID["Dan-memukul","dan-Ia-memukul","dan-dia-menyerang","dan-membunuh","dan-membunuh-","dan-memukul","dan-memukulilah-ia","dan-memukullah"]·IT["e-He-colpì","e-colpi","e-colpì","e-colpì-","e-egli-colpì"]·jav["Lan-ngalahaken","Lan-ngangsalaken","Lan-nggebugi","Lan-piyambakipun-nggebug","lan-ngangsalaken","lan-ngasoraken","lan-nggebug","lan-nggebug-","lan-nggebugi","lan-nggempur","lan-piyambakipun-menthung"]·KO["그-이집트인을","그리고-그가-쳤다","그리고-쳤다"]·PT["E-feriu","e-atacou","e-feriu","e-feriu-","e-golpeou","§ E-feriu"]·RU["И-поразил","и-поразил","и-поразил-","и-поразила","и-ударил"]·ES["E-hirió","Y-golpeó","e-hirió","y-golpeó","y-hirió","y-los-hirió"]·SW["na-akaipiga","na-akalipiga","na-akampiga","na-akapiga","na-akapiga-","na-akaupiga","na-akawapiga","na-akayapiga","na-ikapiga","na-wakapiga"]·TR["-","Ve-vurdu","ve-vurdu","ve-vurdu-"]·urd["اور-مارا","اور-مارا-اس-نے"]
2. Hifil: to strike, beat (physical blows) — Non-lethal physical striking (35x) includes beating, hitting, or disciplining persons outside warfare. 'If a man strikes his servant with a rod' (Exod 21:20), 'Should I strike you to the ground?' (2 Sam 2:22), 'Moses saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew' (Exod 2:11). Korean shifts to 때리다 (beat personally rather than generic 치다), Spanish uses azotar/golpear (beat/hit), Arabic ضَرَبَ (beat). The distinction from #1 is non-military, interpersonal violence. 35×
AR["أَضْرِبُ","أَضْرِبُكَ","اضْرِبْ-","الضَّارِبِ","اِضْرِبْ","ضَرَبُونِي","ضَرْبًا","لِ-يَضْرِبَهُ","لِـ-يَضْرِبَهُ","هِكُّونِي","وَ-يَضْرِبَ-نِي","وَ-يَضْرِبُونَ-نِي","يَضْرِبُ","يَضْرِبُهُ","ٱضْرِبِ-"]·ben["আঘাত","আঘাত-কর","আঘাত-করছি","আঘাত-করতে-তোমাকে","আঘাত-করব-তোমাকে","আঘাত-করে","আর-আক্রমণ-করবে-আমাকে","আর-আক্রমণ-করে-আমাকে","তাঁকে-আঘাত-করতে","তাকে-আঘাত-করতে","তারা-আমাকে-মেরেছে","মার","মার-","মারছে","মারতে-","মারবে-তাকে","মারো-","হত্যাকরা"]·DE["er-soll-schlagen-ihn","schlage-","schlagend","schlug","sollte-ich-schlage-du","striking","und-mich-schlagen","und-schlägt-mich","von-so","zu-schlage-ihn"]·EN["and-strike-me","he-shall-strike-him","should-I-strike-you","strike","strike-","striking","striking-you","they-struck-me","to-strike-him"]·FR["de-ainsi","devrait-je-frappe-tu","et-frapper-moi","frappant","frappe-","frapper","frapper-moi","il-a-frappé","il-devra-frapper-lui","ils-m'ont-frappée,","à-frappe-lui"]·heb["אככה","היכוני","הך","הך-","הכה","הכותך","ו-הכה","יכנו","ל-הכות-ו","ל-הכותו","מכה","תכה"]·HI["उसे-मारने-के-लिए","और-मारे-मुझे","और-मारेंगे-मुझे","मअरन-उसे","मार","मार-","मार-मारकर","मार-रहा-था","मारता-हूँ","मारते-हुए-तुझे","मारना","मारने-","मारने-वाला","मारा-मुझे","मारा-है-मुझे","मारूँ-तुझे","मारेगा-उसे","हख-"]·ID["Memukul","Mereka-memukulku","Pukullah","Yang-memukul","aku-memukulmu","boleh-memukul-dia","dan-ia-memukul-ku","dan-mereka-akan-menyerang-ku","memukul","memukul-engkau","mereka-memukul-aku","pukulah","pukullah-","tepuklah","untuk-memukul-dia","untuk-memukulnya"]·IT["a-colpisci-lui","colpendo","colpire","colpire-mio","colpisci-","da-cosi","dovrebbe-io-colpisci-tu","e-colpire-me","egli-dovra-colpire-lui","il-così","striking"]·jav["Mbelèh","Wutakna-","dipungebag","gebuga","gebuga-","gepuka","ingkang-nggebuki","kangge-mejahi-piyambakipun","kawula-dipungebug","kula-nggebugi-panjenengan","lan-piyambakipun-badhé-nyerang-kawula","lan-piyambakipun-nyerang-kawula","ngalahaken","nggebug-panjenengan","nggebugi","nggebùg","nggèbùg","sampun-nggebug-kula"]·KO["그를-때리도록","그를-때릴지니","그를-치려고","그리고-나를-칠-것이다","그리고-나를-칠까","때렸으나-나를","쳐라","쳤네-나-를","치겠는가-너를","치는","치는-것-너-를","치는-것이면","치라","치리라","치면","치소서"]·PT["Fere","Ferindo","Feriram-me","Que-feria","açoitá-lo-á","bate","derrubar-te-ia","e-fira-me","e-golpear-me-ão","fere","feri-lo","ferindo","ferindo-te","ferir","feriram-me","golpeando","golpeia","para-feri-lo","¶ Ferindo"]·RU["Поражая","Поразить","бьющего","и-поразил-меня","и-поразят-меня","побили-меня","поражавший","поражать-тебя","поражу-тебя-я","порази","порази-","поразить-его","ударили-меня","ударит-его","ударить","ударить-его","ударь","ударь-","ударяю"]·ES["Ciertamente-golpear","El-que-golpeaba","Golpeando","Hiere","Me-golpearon","golpea","golpeando","golpear","golpearlo","golpeo","hiere","hiriéndote","lo-golpeará","me-golpearon","para-golpearlo","te-golpearé","y-hiera-me","y-me-golpearán"]·SW["Kupiga","akimpiga","atampiga","iliyowapiga","kukupiga","kumpiga","kupiga","mdhihaki","mpige","na-atanipiga","nikupige","ninapiga","piga","piga-","wakachapa","walinipiga"]·TR["Vuran","döv","dövdüler-beni","ve-vuracaklar-beni","ve-vurur-beni","vur","vur-","vuracak-ona","vuracağım-seni","vuran","vurarak","vurdular-beni","vurmak-için-onu","vurmak-seni"]·urd["آدمی-نے","انہوں-نے-مارا-مجھے","اور-ماریںگے-مجھے","اور-مارے-مجھے","تجھے-مارنا","مار","مار-رہا-تھا","مارا-مجھے","مارنا","مارنا-","مارنے-والا","مارنے-کو-اُسے","ماروں-تجھے","ماروں-گا","مارے-اُسے"]
3. Hifil: to strike dead, kill, slay — Lethal striking (21x) where the blow results in death. 'Whoever strikes Cain, vengeance will be taken sevenfold' (Gen 4:15), 'Let us kill him' (Gen 37:21, literally 'let us strike him dead'). Spanish uses matar/matador (kill/killer), Korean 죽이다 (kill), Arabic يَقْتُل (kill), Swahili kuwaua (kill). The glosses explicitly mark death as outcome, distinguishing this from wounding (#2) or military smiting (#1). 21×
AR["ضَارِبُ-","ضَارِبِ-","فَضَرَبَهُ","فَيَضْرِبُهُمَا","لِ-يَقْتُلَهُمْ","نَضْرِبْ-هُ","وَ-أَقْتُلْ","وَ-اضْرِبُوا","وَ-اضْرِبُوهُمْ","وَ-اِضْرِبوا","وَ-ضَرَبَهُ","وَ-ضَرَبُوا","وَ-يَضْرِبُهُمْ","يَضْرِبَهُ-","يَقْتُلُكَ"]·ben["-কে","আঘাত-করে","আঘাতকারী-","আর-আঘাত-কর","আর-আঘাত-করলেন-তাকে","আর-মারবে-সে-তাদের","এবং-আঘাত-কর","এবং-আঘাত-করলেন","এবং-তিনি-তাকে-আঘাত-করলেন","এবং-মারব","এৎ","ও-আঘাত-করেছেন-তাকে","ও-সে-আঘাত-করবে-তাদের","ও-হত্যা-করলেন-তাকে","তাকে-আঘাত-করব","তাদের-আঘাত-করতে","মারবে-তোমাকে-"]·DE["ihn-schlage-","lasst-uns-ihn-schlagen","schlagen","striking","und-schlagen","und-sie-schlug","von-so","zu-schlage-ihnen"]·EN["and-he-struck-him","and-he-struck-them","and-he-will-strike-them","and-let-me-strike","and-strike","and-struck-him","and-they-struck","let-us-strike-him","should-he-strike-you","striking","striking-","to-strike-them"]·FR["de-ainsi","et-frapper","et-ils-frappa","frappant","frappant-","frapper","que-nous-frapper-lui","à-frappe-eux"]·heb["הכה","ו-אכה","ו-היכם","ו-הכה-ו","ו-הכהו","ו-הכו","ו-הכיתם","ו-הכם","ו-יכהו","ו-יכו","יכך","ל-הכות-ם","מכה"]·HI["उन्हें-मारने","और-उसने-मारा-उसे","और-मारा-उसे","और-मारे","और-मारेगा-उनको","और-मारेगा-उन्हें","और-मारो","और-मैं-मारूँ","मारने-","मारने-वाला-","मारने-वाला-की-तरह","वह-मारे-तुझे","हम-मारें"]·ID["dan-Ia-memukul-dia","dan-aku-akan-membunuh","dan-bunuhlah","dan-dia-akan-membunuh-mereka","dan-ia-akan-membunuh-mereka","dan-ia-membunuhnya","dan-ia-memukulnya","dan-kalahkan","dan-membunuh-mereka","dan-memukulnya","dan-pukullah","dia-membunuhmu","kita-bunuh-nya","membunuh","untuk-membunuh-mereka","yang-membunuh-","yang-memukul-mati"]·IT["a-colpisci-loro","colpire","da-cosi","e-colpire","e-essi-colpì","let-noi-colpire-lui","striking","striking-"]·jav["ingkang-mejahi","ingkang-ngeblek-","kangge-mejahi-piyambakipun","kita-mejahi-piyambakipun","lan-Panjenenganipun-nggebag-ipun","lan-gebugana","lan-gebugen","lan-mejahi","lan-ngawonaken-piyambakipun","lan-ngrejeng-ipun","lan-panjenenganipun-badhe-nggebag","lan-panjenenganipun-nggebag","lan-piyambakipun-badhé-nggebèg-piyambakipun","lan-piyambakipun-mejahi","mejahi","mejahi-panjenengan"]·KO["-치려고-그들을","그-와-치셨다-그-를","그가-치리요-너를","그리고-그가-칠-것이다","그리고-쳐라","그리고-쳤다","그리고-쳤다-그를","그리고-치겠다-내가","그리고-치라","그리고-치였다","그리고-칠-것이다-그들을","치기","치는-자-","치는-자이다","치셨도다","치자"]·PT["e-feri","e-feri-los-á","e-ferirei","e-ferireis","e-ferirá-os","e-feriu-o","e-golpeou-ele","e-mataram","fere-","feridor-de","ferir-","golpeemo-lo","para-feri-los","te-ferirá"]·RU["и-бейте","и-поразил-его","и-поразил-он-его","и-поразит-их","и-поразите","и-убили","и-убью","и-убьёт-он-их","убивал-","убивающий-","убившему-","убивший-","убьём-его","убьёт-тебя","уничтожить-их"]·ES["como-si-matara-","golpearlos","herir-","lo-golpeemos","matador-de","te-golpearía","y-golpeadlos","y-golpearé","y-herid","y-lo-golpeó","y-lo-hirió","y-los-herirá","y-mataron"]·SW["akuue","asimuue-","kuwaua","mpigaji-wa-","na-akampiga","na-akamshinda","na-akamuua","na-akawapiga","na-atawaaua","na-atawapiga","na-muwaue","na-mwapige","na-nimuue","na-wakaua","ni-kama-anayemuua","tumuue"]·TR["ve-vuracak-onları","ve-vurayım","ve-vurdu-onu","ve-vurdular","ve-vurun","vuralım-onu","vuran-","vurmak-","vurmak-için-onları","vursun-seni"]·urd["اور-اسے-مارا","اور-اُسے-مارا","اور-مارا-اس-نے-اسے","اور-مارا-اسے","اور-مارو","اور-ماروں","اور-مارے","اور-مارے-گا-انہیں","مارنے-والا-","مارنے-والے-","مارنے-کو-اُنہیں","ماریں-ہم","مارے","مارے-تجھے"]
Gen 4:15, Gen 37:21, Num 25:17, Josh 20:3, Josh 20:9, Judg 21:10, 1 Sam 4:2, 2 Sam 21:2, 1 Chr 13:10, 1 Chr 18:10, 1 Chr 20:7, Isa 5:25 (+9 more)
4. Hifil: to strike with affliction, plague — Divine affliction with plague or curse (19x). 'I struck you with blight, mildew, hail' (Deut 28:22, 27, 28, 35), 'The LORD struck the people with a great plague' (Num 11:33), 'The LORD will strike you with blindness' (Deut 28:28). English uses 'with blindness/plague' constructions, Spanish herir (afflict), Korean 치다 (strike with affliction), Arabic ضَرَبَ (strike). God as subject and disease/curse as instrument distinguish this sense. 19×
AR["أَصْفِقُ","أَضْرِبُ","تَضرِبُكَ","ضَرَبْتَنَا","ضَرَبْتُكُمْ","ضَرَبْتُكِ","وَ-يَضْرِبُ","وَ-يَضْرِبُ-","وَ-يَضْرِبُكَ","يَضْرِبُ","يَضْرِبُكَ","يَضْرِبُهُمُ"]·ben["-আমি-তোমাকে-আঘাত-করেছিলাম","আঘাত-করব-আমি","আঘাত-করবে-তোমাকে,","আঘাত-করবেন","আঘাত-করেছ-আমাদের-তুমি","আঘাত-করেছি","আমি-আঘাত-করব","এবং-আঘাত-করবে-তোমাকে","এবং-মারবেন","ও-সে-আঘাত-করবে","তাদের-আঘাত-করবে","মারবেন-তোমাকে","মেরেছি-তোমাকে-আমি","যিহোবা-আঘাত-করবেন","সে-তোমাকে-আঘাত-করবে"]·DE["er-schlaegt","schlagen","schlug","strikes-du","und-der-so","und-wird-schlage","und-wird-schlage-du","wird-schlagen-du"]·EN["He-strikes","I-struck","I-struck-you","I-will-strike","and-he-will-strike-","and-will-strike","and-will-strike-you","have-You-struck-us","he-strikes-you","strikes-you","will-strike","will-strike-them","will-strike-you","with-blindness"]·FR["et-fera-frappe","et-fera-frappe-tu","et-le-ainsi","frapper","j'ai-frappé","je-frapperai","strikes-tu"]·heb["אכה","היכיתי","היכיתיך","היכיתנו","הכיתיך","ו-היכה","ו-הכה","ו-הכך","יכה","יככה","יכם"]·HI["उन्हें-मारेगा","और-मारेगा","और-मारेगा-तुझे","और-वह-मारेगा-","मारा-तूने-हमें","मारा-मैंने","मारा-है-तुझे-मैंने","मारूँगा-मैं","मारेगा","मारेगा-तुझको","मारेगा-तुझे","मैं-मारूँगा","मैंने-तुझे-मारा","मैंने-मारा","वह-मारेगा-तुझे"]·ID["Aku-akan-memukul","Aku-memukul","Aku-memukul-engkau","Aku-memukulmu","Dia-memukul","Engkau-memukul-kami","Memukul","Memukul-engkau","akan-memukul-mereka","dan-akan-memukul","dan-akan-memukul-kamu","dan-memukul-","dia-memukulmu","menyerangmu"]·IT["colpi'","colpira","colpire","e-il-cosi","e-vorrà-colpisci","e-vorrà-colpisci-tu","strikes-tu"]·jav["Aku-nggebag-panjenengan","Badhe-nggebag-panjenengan","Kawula-gebag","Kawula-ngeblek-panjenengan","Lan-Panjenenganipun-badhé-nggebag-","Paduka-gebèg-kawula","badhé-njothos","dipun-gepuk","lan-badhé-nggèbùg-panjenengan","lan-nggebug","nepuk","nggepuk-Kawula","nyerang-panjenengan","piyambakipun-badhé-nggebag-panjenengan"]·KO["그가-치리라","그리고-치리라-너를","그리고-치시리라","내가-너를-쳤으나","내가-쳤느니라","내가-치리라","당신이-치셨나이까-우리를","쳤다","쳤다-너를","치리라","치시리라","치시리라-","치실-것이다","치지-않으리라-너-를"]·PT["Feri","baterei","e-ferir-te-á","e-golpeará","ferir-te-á","ferirei","feriste-nos","golpeará","golpeará-te","os-ferirá","te-feri","te-ferirá","¶ E-ferirá"]·RU["Поразил","Поразил-Я","Поразит-тебя","и-поразит","и-поразит-","и-поразит-тебя","поражу","поразил-Ты-нас","поразил-Я-тебя","поразит","поразит-их","поразит-тебя","ударю"]·ES["Golpeé","Os-herí","Te-herirá","Y-golpeará","golpeará","golpearé","los-herirá","nos-heriste","te-golpeará","te-he-herido","te-herirá","te-herí","y-herirá","y-te-golpeará"]·SW["Niliwapiga","atakupiga","atapigwa","halitakupiga","na-ataipiga-","na-atakupiga","na-atampiga","nilikupiga","nimekupiga","nimewapiga","nitapiga","umetupiga","wapiga"]·TR["Vurdum","ve-vuracak","ve-vuracak-","ve-vuracak-seni","vuracak","vuracak-onlari","vuracak-seni","vuracağım","vurdum-seni","vurdun-bizi"]·urd["اور-مارے-گا","اور-مارے-گا-تجھے","اُنہیں-مارے-گی","مارا-تجھے","مارا-تُو-نے-ہمیں","مارا-میں-نے","ماروں-گا","ماری-میں-نے-تجھے","مارے-گا","مارے-گا-تجھے","مارےگا-تجھے","میں-نے-مارا"]
Deut 28:22, Deut 28:27, Deut 28:28, Deut 28:35, 1 Kgs 14:15, 1 Kgs 20:36, Ps 121:6, Isa 10:24, Isa 11:4, Isa 30:31, Isa 49:10, Isa 60:10 (+7 more)
5. Hifil: to defeat, overcome — Figurative or military 'defeat, overcome' (18x) emphasizes conquest over mere striking. 'Abraham defeated them' (Gen 14:17), 'You shall defeat them utterly' (Deut 7:2), 'Whoever strikes Kirjath Sepher and captures it' (Josh 15:16). Spanish uses vencer/derrotar (conquer/defeat), Korean 이기다 (defeat), Swahili shinda (conquer). The emphasis is victory/conquest, not just physical impact. 18×
AR["الضّارِبُ","اِضْرِبْني","مِنْ-ضَرْبِ","وَ-أَضْرِبُكَ","وَ-أَضْرِبْتُهُ","وَ-يَضْرِبَنِي","وَتَضْرِبُهُمْ","وَضَرَبْنَاهُمْ","يَضْرِبُ","يَضْرِبُهُ"]·ben["আঘাত-করবে","আঘাত-করা-থেকে","আমাকে-আঘাত-কর","এবং-আমরা-আঘাত-করলাম-তাদের","এবং-আমাকে-হারায়","এবং-তাকে-হারাই","এবং-তুমি-আঘাত-করবে-তাদের","এবং-তোমাকে-আঘাত-করব","তাকে-হারাবে","থেকে-আঘাত-করা","পরাজিত-করা-থেকে","যিনি-পরাজিত-করেছিলেন","হানা-থেকে","হারাবে"]·DE["der-schlug","schlaegt","schlaegt-ihn","schlage-mich","schlagen","strikes","und-du-soll-schlagen-ihnen","und-ich-schlage-ihn","und-ich-wird-schlage-du","und-schlaegt-mich","und-wir-schlug-ihnen","vom-Schlagen","von-schlagend"]·EN["and-I-strike-him","and-I-will-strike-you","and-strikes-me","and-we-struck-them","and-you-shall-strike-them","from-striking","strike-me","strikes","strikes-him","the-one-striking"]·FR["de-frappant","et-frappe-moi","et-je-fera-frappe-tu","et-je-frappe-lui","et-nous-frappa-eux","et-tu-devra-frapper-eux","frappe","frappe-lui","frappe-moi","frapper","le-un-frappant","strikes"]·heb["ה-הכה","הכני","ו-הכ-ני","ו-הכית-אותם","ו-הכיתי-ו","ו-הכיתי-ך","ו-נכם","יכ-נו","יכה","מ-הכה","מ-הכות"]·HI["और-मअरे-मुझे","और-मअरोओनग-तुझे","और-मरुनग-उसे","और-मारा-हमने-उनको।","और-मारेगा-उन्हें","जिसने-मारा","मअरकर","मअरेग","मअरेग-उसे","मार-","मारने-से","मारेगा","हरने-से"]·ID["akan-memukul","dan-aku-akan-memukulmu","dan-aku-mengalahkannya","dan-dia-mengalahkanku","dan-kami-mengalahkan-mereka","dan-mengalahkan-mereka","dari-memukul","dari-mengalahkan","mengalahkan","mengalahkannya","menyerang","pukullah-aku","yang-mengalahkan"]·IT["colpire","colpisce","colpisce-lui","colpisci-me","da-colpendo","da-striking","e-colpisce-me","e-io-colpisci-lui","e-io-vorrà-colpisci-tu","e-noi-colpi-loro","e-tu-dovra-colpire-loro","il-uno-striking"]·jav["gebugen-kula","ingkang-ngalahaken","lan-gèbèg-panjenengan","lan-kita-ngasoraken-tiyang-punika","lan-ngalahaké-ipun","lan-ngalahaké-kawula","lan-panjenengan-ngalahaken-piyambakipun","ngalahaken","ngalahaké-ipun","ngasoraken","ngawonaken","saking-gèbèg","saking-ngalahaken","saking-ngawonaken","saking-nggebug"]·KO["그리고-우리가-쳤다","그리고-치겠다-너를","그리고-치리라-그들을","그리고-치면-그를","그리고-치면-나를","때려라-나를","로부터-치기","치고-나서","치는","치는-것에서","치는-자","치는-자가","치는것에서-","치는자에게","친-자"]·PT["de-ferir","e-feri-lo","e-ferir-me","e-ferirei-te","e-golpearás-os","e-os-ferimos","fere-me","feri-lo","ferir","o-golpeador-de"]·RU["и-поражу-его","и-поражу-тебя","и-поразили-мы-их","и-поразит-меня","и-поразишь-их","от-поражения","поразивший","поразит","поразит-его","ударь-меня"]·ES["Golpéame","de-golpear","de-herir","de-vencer","el-que-derrotó","hiera","lo-venza","venza","y-lo-venciere","y-los-derrotamos","y-los-derrotes","y-me-venciere","y-te-venceré"]·SW["akachapa","atakayeipiga","atampiga","atamshinda","atapiga","kutoka-kumshinda","kutoka-kupiga","kutoka-kuwapiga","na-akamshinda","na-nikamshinda","na-nitakupiga","na-tukawapiga","nipige-","utawapiga"]·TR["-vuran","ve-vuracaksın-onları","ve-vuracağım-seni","ve-vurduk-onları","ve-yenerse-beni","ve-yenersem-onu","vur-beni","vuracak","vurmaktan","vurur","yenerse","yenerse-onu"]·urd["اور-مار","اور-مارا-ہم-نے-اُنہیں","اور-ماروں-اُسے","اور-ماروں-گا-تجھے","اور-مارے-مجھے","مار","مارنے-سے","مارنے-والا","مارے","مارے-اُسے","مارے-اُسے۔","یہوواہ-کے"]
Gen 14:17, Gen 36:35, Deut 7:2, Deut 29:7, Josh 15:16, Judg 1:12, 1 Sam 17:9, 1 Sam 17:9, 1 Sam 17:25, 1 Sam 17:26, 1 Sam 17:27, 1 Sam 17:46 (+6 more)
6. Hofal: to be struck, smitten — Hofal passive 'be struck, smitten' (16x) marks the recipient state. 'The taskmasters of the Israelites were beaten' (Exod 5:14, 16), 'A man is found breaking in and is struck so that he dies' (Exod 22:2), 'Cozbi was struck' (Num 25:14-15). Spanish usa fue golpeada/herido (was struck/wounded), Korean 맞다 (be struck), Arabic ضُرِبَ (was struck). The Hofal passive participle describes those who have suffered striking. 16×
AR["الْمَقْتُولَةِ","الْمَقْتُولِ","تُضرَبُونَ","ضُرِبَ","ضُرِبَ-","ضُرِبَتِ","ضُرِبُوا","ضُرِبْتُ","فَضُرِبَ","قُتِلَ","مَضْرُوبِي-","مُصَابًا","وَ-ضُرِبَ","يُضْرَبُونَ"]·ben["আঘাত-করা-হয়েছিল","আঘাত-পাবে","আঘাত-পেয়েছে","আঘাত-হয়েছিল","আঘাত-হয়েছে","আঘাতপ্রাপ্ত","আঘাতপ্রাপ্ত-","আমি-আহত-হয়েছিলাম","এবং-আঘাত-করা-হয়","ও-পেটানো-হল","নিহত-হয়েছিল","নিহতের","মার-খাচ্ছে"]·DE["beaten","der-schlug","der-so","ist-schlug-hinab","schlagen","schlug","und-er-ist-schlug","und-sie-waren-beaten","von-denn","von-so","war-schlug","waren-schlug"]·EN["I-was-struck","and-he-is-struck","and-they-were-beaten","beaten","is-smitten","is-struck-down","struck-by","struck-of-","the-struck","was-struck","were-struck","will-you-be-struck"]·FR["battu","de-ainsi","de-car","et-il-est-frappa","et-ils-étaient-battu","frapper","furent-frappa","il-a-frappé","j'ai-frappé","le-frappa","le-frapper","était-frappa"]·heb["ה-מכה","הוכה","הוכו","הוכיתי","הוכתה","הכה","ו-הוכה","ו-יוכו","מוכה","מוכי","מוכים","תוכו"]·HI["एलोहीमसे-मारा-हुआ","और-पेएटे-गये","और-मारा-जाए","तुम-मारे-जाओगे","पेएटे-जाते-हãĩ","मारा-गया","मारा-गया-","मारी-गई","मारी-गई-का","मारे-गए","मारे-गए-का","मारे-हुए-","मैं-मारा-गया"]·ID["Dan-dipukullah","Dihancurkan","Dipukul","aku-dipukul","dan-ia dipukul","dibunuh","dipukul","dipukuli","kamu-dipukul","terpukul-oleh-","yang-dibunuh"]·IT["beaten","colpi'","colpire","da-cosi","da-poiche","e-egli-è-colpì","e-essi-furono-beaten","erano-colpì","fu-colpi","il-colpi","il-così"]·jav["Kagebag","Lan-sami-dipun-gebugi","dipun-angsalaken","dipun-gebag","dipun-gepuk-kula","dipungebugi","dipunpejahi","ingkang-dipunpejahi","kagebag","panjenengan-dipungebag","pedhang","sami-dipun-gebugi","sampun-kagebag","sarta-dipunantem"]·KO["그-죽임당한","그리고-맞았다","그리고-맞으면","내가-맞았음이라","맞고-있다","맞았다","맞으려-하느냐","맞은-자로","죽임당한","치였느니라","치였도다","치임을-당한-자들이-","침략당하였다"]·PT["E-foram-batidos","Ferido","Ferido-foi","Foi-ferida","a-ferida","batidos","e-for-golpeado","ferido-de","feridos-de","foi-ferida","foi-ferido","foram-feridos","fui-ferido","o-ferido","sereis-golpeados"]·RU["И-были-биты","Поражено-","биты","битым","будете-биты","был-поражён","были-поражены","взят","и-ударен","поражён","поражённого","поражённой","поражёнными-"]·ES["Fue-golpeada","Herido-está","Y-fueron-golpeados","el-herido","fue-herida","fue-herido","fueron-heridos","fui-herido","golpeados","herido","herido-de","heridos-de","la-herida","seréis-golpeados","y-es-golpeado"]·SW["Umepigwa","aliuawa","aliyeadhibiwa-na-","aliyeuawa","amepigwa","mji-ulipigwa","mnapigwa","na-kupigwa","na-wakapigwa","nilipigwa","umepigwa-","waliochomwa-kwa-","walipigwa","wanapigwa"]·TR["-vurulanın","Ve-dövüldüler","dovulmus-","dövülen","ve-vurulursa","vurulacaksınız","vurulanları-","vuruldu","vuruldu-","vuruldular","vuruldum"]·urd["اور-مارا-جائے","اور-مارے-گئے","تم-مارے-جاؤ","زخمی-ہوا","مارا-گیا","مارا-گیا-","مارا-گیا-تھا","ماری-گئی","مارے-جاتے-ہیں","مارے-گئے","مارے-ہوئے-","پیٹا-ہوا"]
8. Hifil: to wound, injure — Wounding without killing (5x) in royal assassination narratives. 'They struck him' (2 Kgs 8:29, 9:15, wounding King Joram), 'Servants struck and killed Joash' (2 Kgs 12:21). Arabic shifts to جَرَحَ (jaraḥa, 'wound') instead of usual ضَرَبَ (strike), English uses 'wounded' rather than 'struck,' Korean 부상시키다 (wound). The context shows injury without immediate death, creating narrative tension. 5×
AR["جَرَحَهُ","جَرَحُوهُ","ضَرَبَاهُ"]·ben["আঘাত-করলেন-তাঁকে","তাঁকে-আঘাত-করেছিল"]·DE["hatte-schlug-ihn","schlagen","schlug-ihn","sie-schlug-ihn"]·EN["had-struck-him","struck-him","they-struck-him","wounded-him"]·FR["avait-frappa-lui","frappa-lui","frapper","ils-frappa-lui"]·heb["הכה-ו","הכוהו"]·HI["मारा","मारा-उसे","माराउसे","यक्कूहू"]·ID["ditimpakan-kepadanya","memukul-dia","memukulnya","mereka-melukai-dia"]·IT["aveva-colpì-lui","colpire","colpì-lui","essi-colpì-lui"]·jav["dipuntatoni-piyambakipun","nyedani","piyambakipun-sami-mejahi-piyambakipun","tiyang-Aram-natoni"]·KO["그들이-쳄다-그를","그들이-쳤다-그를","쳤다-그를","친"]·PT["feriram-o"]·RU["поразили-его","ранили-его"]·ES["le-hirieron","lo-golpearon","lo-hirieron"]·SW["walimpiga","waliyompiga"]·TR["onu-vurdular","vurdular-onu"]·urd["لگائے-تھے-اُسے","مارا-اُسے"]
9. Hifil: to clap (hands) — Clapping hands together (4x), a metaphorical extension. 'I struck My hands together in anger' (Ezek 22:13), 'They clapped their hands' (2 Kgs 11:12, coronation). Spanish batir (clap), Korean 치다 (strike/clap hands), English 'clapped,' Arabic صَفَّقَ (clap, Form II of ṣ-f-q). The striking is self-directed (hands together) in gesture of emotion or celebration. 4×
AR["صَفَقْتُ","فَصَفَّقُوا-","وَاصْفِقْ","وَاضْرِبْ"]·ben["আঘাত-করেছি-আমি","এবং-আঘাত-কর","এবং-তারা-তালি-দিল-","ও-আঘাত-কর"]·DE["schlagen","und-schlagen","und-sie-clapped-"]·EN["I-have-struck","and-strike","and-they-clapped-"]·FR["et-frapper","et-ils-clapped-","j'ai-frappé"]·heb["הכיתי","ו-הך","ו-יכו-"]·HI["और-बजाया-","और-मार","मारा-मैंने"]·ID["Aku-tepukkan","dan-mereka-bertepuk-","dan-pukullah"]·IT["colpire","e-colpire","e-essi-clapped-"]·jav["Kawula-ngeplok","lan-nepuk","lan-nggebugi","lan-piyambakipun-sami-nakpak"]·KO["그리고-쳐라","그리고-치대-쳤다","그리고-치라","쳤다"]·PT["bati","e-bate","e-bateram","e-golpeia"]·RU["и-ударили-","и-ударь","ударил"]·ES["golpeé","y-batieron","y-golpea"]·SW["na-piga","na-upige","na-wakapiga-","nimepiga"]·TR["ve-vur","ve-çarpıp","vurdum"]·urd["اور-تالیاں-بجائیں-","اور-مار","مارا"]
10. sense 10 — Two Pual passive occurrences (Exod 9:31-32) in the hail plague narrative: 'The flax and barley were struck' by hail. Spanish fueron golpeados (were struck), Korean 맞았다 (were struck), French furent frappées (were struck). The rare Pual stem marks passive reception of the hail's impact on crops. 2×
AR["تُضْرَبا","ضُرِبَا"]·ben["আঘাত-পেল"]·DE["schlug","waren-schlug"]·EN["struck","were-struck"]·FR["frappa","étaient-frappa"]·heb["הוכו","הוכתה"]·HI["नाश-हुए","नाश-हो-गए"]·ID["dipukul"]·IT["colpì","furono-colpì"]·jav["dipun-gebugi"]·KO["상하지","상했다"]·PT["foram-golpeados"]·RU["были-побиты"]·ES["fueron-golpeados"]·SW["pigwa","vikapigwa"]·TR["vuruldu","vuruldular"]·urd["تباہ-ہوئی","تباہ-ہوئیں"]
11. Non-verbal / misassigned token — Two tokens flagged as non-verbal (1 Sam 4:13, 2 Kgs 3:24). 1 Sam 4:13 is a ketiv-qere marginal note, 2 Kgs 3:24 may be misassigned. Glosses show [ketiv-side], 'in it/her,' suggesting these are textual apparatus rather than genuine verbal forms. Requires manual review and reassignment outside the core verbal paradigm. 2×
AR["[يك]","فِيهَا"]·ben["[পাশে]","তার-মধ্যে"]·DE["[ketiv-side]","in-es"]·EN["[ketiv-side]","in-it"]·FR["[ketiv-side]","dans-cela"]·heb["בה","יד"]·HI["उसमें"]·ID["[ketiv]","di-dalamnya"]·IT["[ketiv-side]","in-esso"]·jav["[]","ing-ngriku"]·KO["곁에","그녀-안에서"]·PT["[lado]","nela"]·RU["-в-неё"]·ES["[junto]","en-ella"]·SW["kando","ndani-yake"]·TR["[yol]","de-ona"]·urd["[پاس]","اُس-میں"]
12. sense 12 — Balak to Balaam: 'Perhaps I shall be able to strike them' (Num 22:6, 1x). Spanish golpear (strike), Korean 치다 (strike), French frapper (strike). The conditional construction with Balak hoping to curse/strike Israel through Balaam's oracles. The striking is wished-for future military defeat via magical means. 1×
AR["نَضْرِبُ-"]·ben["আঘাত-করতে-"]·DE["zu-schlagen"]·EN["to-strike"]·FR["à-frapper"]·heb["נכה"]·HI["मारना-"]·ID["mengalahkan-"]·IT["a-colpire"]·jav["ngalahaken"]·KO["우리가-칠-것이다"]·PT["ferir"]·RU["поразить"]·ES["golpear"]·SW["kuwapiga-"]·TR["vurmak-"]·urd["ماریں-"]
13. sense 13 — 'He shall strike root like Lebanon' (Hos 14:5, 1x). Spanish echar (cast/put forth), Korean 내리다 (send down), French frapper (strike). Unique agricultural metaphor where 'striking root' means sending roots downward, taking firm hold. The image is growth and stability, not violence. 1×
AR["وَيَضرِبُ"]·ben["এবং-সে-বিস্তার-করবে"]·DE["und-er-schlug"]·EN["and-shall-strike"]·FR["et-il-frappa"]·heb["ו-יך"]·HI["और-वह-फैलाएगा"]·IT["e-colpire"]·jav["lan-badhe-nggayuh"]·KO["그리고-박으리라"]·PT["e-lançará"]·RU["и-пустит"]·ES["y-echará"]·SW["na-atapiga"]·TR["ve-salacak"]·urd["اور-پھیلائے-گا"]
14. sense 14 — Niphal passive: 'He shall be struck and die' (2 Sam 11:15, 1x, David's order for Uriah). Spanish será herido (will be struck), Korean 맞아 죽다 (be struck and die), French sera frappé (will be struck). The only Niphal occurrence in a passive construction, showing Uriah as passive recipient of lethal blow in battle. 1×
AR["وَيُضرَبُ"]·ben["এবং-আঘাত-হবে"]·DE["und-er-wird-sein-schlug"]·EN["and-he-will-be-struck"]·FR["et-il-fera-être-frappa"]·heb["ו-נכה"]·HI["और-मारा-जाए"]·ID["supaya-dia-tertikam"]·IT["e-egli-vorrà-essere-colpì"]·jav["lan-dipun-gebag"]·KO["그리고-맞아서"]·PT["e-será-ferido"]·RU["и-будет-поражён"]·ES["y-será-herido"]·SW["auawe"]·TR["ve-vurulacak"]·urd["اور-وہ-مارا-جائے"]
15. sense 15 — Eli's servant 'struck the pan, kettle, cauldron, or pot' with a fork (1 Sam 2:14, 1x). Spanish meter (put/thrust), Korean 찌르다 (stab/thrust), French frapper (strike). Unique culinary context where striking means thrusting the fork into vessels to extract sacrificial meat. The violent verb applied to food preparation creates dark irony given Eli's sons' corruption. 1×
AR["وَ-يَضْرِبُ"]·ben["এবং-মারত"]·DE["und-er-schlug"]·EN["and-he-struck"]·FR["et-il-frappa"]·heb["ו-הכה"]·HI["और-मारता"]·ID["Dan-menikamkan"]·IT["e-egli-colpì"]·jav["Lan-nyucuk"]·KO["그리고-찔렀다"]·PT["¶ E-golpeava"]·RU["и-втыкал"]·ES["Y-metía"]·SW["na-akachoma"]·TR["Ve-vururdu"]·urd["اور-مارتا-تھا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[נָכָה501] vb. smite (not in Qal) (NH Hiph. id.; Pf. 3 pl. הכו SI 4, Inf. להך[ת] ib. 2; Syriac ܢܟܳܐ, laesit, nocuit, repugnavit; Aph. laesit, vulneravit; Ethiopic ነከየ laesit, nocuit; cf. Arabic نَكَى be defeated, نِكَايَةٌ the inflicting of injury on an enemy Lane3038);— †Niph. Pf. וְנִכָּה וָמֵת consec. 2 S 11:15 and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die. †Pu. Pf. 3 fs.…