H5058 H5058
Stringed instrument music; a song or mocking song; music as abstract performance
A feminine Hebrew noun rooted in the verb nagan ('to play a stringed instrument') that lives primarily in the Psalm superscriptions, where it designates the accompaniment for worship — binginot, 'on stringed instruments' (Ps 4:1; 6:1; 54:1; 55:1; 67:1; 76:1). Spanish instrumentos de cuerda and German Saitenspiel both zero in on the stringed character of the music. Yet the same word takes a bitter turn when it denotes a mocking song: Job laments 'I have become their song' (Job 30:9), and Lamentations echoes the humiliation (Lam 3:14). The Psalmist's night-time 'song' in Psalm 77:6 may carry either beauty or anguish. A lone occurrence in Lamentations 5:14 uses the word for music in the abstract — 'the young men have ceased from their music' — mourning not instruments or lyrics but the entire living tradition of performance.
Senses
1. stringed instrument, music played on strings — Music played on stringed instruments, or the stringed instruments themselves. This sense dominates the Psalm superscriptions — binginot appears as a liturgical direction in Psalms 4, 6, 54, 55, 61, 67, and 76, and in Habakkuk 3:19. Isaiah 38:20 uses the possessive 'my stringed instruments' in Hezekiah's song of recovery. Spanish instrumentos de cuerda, French melodie, and German Saitenspiel all point to the specific timbre of plucked or bowed strings. The liturgical context suggests these were performance instructions for the temple musicians. 8×
AR["آلةِ-النَّغَمِ", "بِ-آلاَتِ-الوَتَرِ", "بِ-الأوْتارِ", "على-آلاتِ-النَّغَمِ", "عَلى-آلاتِ-النَّغَمِ", "عَلَى-آلَاتِي", "عَلَى-ذَوَاتِ-الأَوْتَارِ"]·ben["আমার-তারযুক্ত-গানের-সাথে", "তন্ত্রী-বাদ্যযন্ত্রে", "তাঁর-যন্ত্রের-সাথে", "তারের-বাদ্যযন্ত্রে", "মধ্যে-তারের-যন্ত্র"]·DE["[בנגינותי]", "mit-stringed-instruments", "stringed-instruments"]·EN["on-my-stringed-instruments", "stringed-instruments", "with-stringed-instruments"]·FR["dans-mélodie", "mélodie"]·heb["ב-נגינות", "ב-נגינותי", "נגינת"]·HI["तंतु-वाद्यों-पर", "तंत्री-वाद्य", "तारवाले-बाजों-पर", "बि-नेगीनोत", "मेरी-तारवाली-वाद्यों-पर"]·ID["alat-petik", "dengan-alat-musik-gesek", "dengan-alat-musik-petikku.", "dengan-alat-petik"]·IT["[בנגינותי]", "musica"]·jav["instrumèn-senar", "kanthi-clempung", "mawi-instrumèn-senar", "ngangge-musik-kawula", "ngangge-tetabuhan"]·KO["나-의-현악기-로", "현악기-들-에-맞추어", "현악기-로", "현악기-의", "현악기들-로", "현악기들-에"]·PT["com-instrumentos-de-cordas", "com-meus-instrumentos", "instrumentos-de-cordas"]·RU["на-струнных", "на-струнных-моих", "струнном"]·ES["con-instrumentos-de-cuerda", "con-mis-instrumentos-de-cuerda", "cuerda", "en-instrumentos-de-cuerda"]·SW["kwa-vinanda", "kwa-vyombo-vyangu-vya-nyuzi", "vinanda"]·TR["telli-sazlarla-", "telli-sazlarımla", "telli-çalgı", "telli-çalgılarla"]·urd["-تاروں-والے-ساز-پر", "بَ-نَغمات", "بِ-آلات-موسیقی", "بِ-تاروں-والے-ساز", "میرے-تاروں-والے-سازوں-پر", "نَغمَت"]
2. song, mocking song, melody — A song or melody, often with a pejorative connotation as a taunt or mocking song. Job 30:9 is the paradigm case: 'I have become their mocking song,' paralleled by milla ('byword'). Lamentations 3:14 echoes the same humiliation, and Psalm 69:12 adds that the drunkards sing songs about the sufferer. Spanish cancion de burla ('mocking song') and German Spottlied capture the derision. Psalm 77:6 and Isaiah 38:20 use the term more neutrally for personal songs, but the mocking register is the distinguishing mark of this sense. 5×
AR["أُغنِيَتُهُم", "أُغْنِيَتَهُمْ", "أُنْشُودَتِي", "وَ-أغاني-", "وَأَنَاشِيدِي"]·ben["আমার-গান", "এবং-আমার-গান", "ও-গানগুলো", "তাদের-গান"]·DE["[ונגנותי]", "[נגינתם]", "mein-Lied", "und-der-songs-von"]·EN["and-my-songs", "and-the-songs-of", "my-song", "their-mocking-song", "their-song"]·FR["[ונגנותי]", "[נגינתם]", "et-mélodie", "leur-נגינתם-eux", "mélodie"]·heb["ו-נגינות", "ו-נגינותי", "נגינתי", "נגינתם"]·HI["उनका-गीत", "और-मेरे-गीत", "गीत-उनका", "नेगीनाती"]·ID["dan-nyanyian", "dan-nyanyian-nyanyianku", "nyanyian ejekan mereka", "nyanyian-ejekan-mereka", "nyanyianku"]·IT["e-melodia", "e-musica", "melodia", "musica", "their-song-loro"]·jav["gendhing-geguyon-ipun", "kidung-kawula", "kidung-piyambakipun", "lan-kidung-kidung-kawula", "saha-kidung-kidung"]·KO["그들-노래-가", "그들의-노래가", "그리고-나의-노래를", "그리고-노래-들-이", "나-의-노래-를"]·PT["de-minha-canção", "e-cânticos-de", "e-cânticos-meus", "sua-canção-de-zombaria"]·RU["и-песни", "и-песни-мои", "издёвкой-их", "песнею-их", "песню-мою"]·ES["canción-de-mí", "su-canción", "su-canción-de-burla", "y-canciones-de", "y-mis-cánticos"]·SW["na-nyimbo", "na-nyimbo-zangu", "wimbo-wangu", "wimbo-wao", "wimbo-wao-wa-dhihaka"]·TR["ezgimi", "türküleri", "ve-ezgilerim", "ve-şarkıları", "şarkıları-onların"]·urd["ان کا گیت", "اور-میری-سرودیں", "اُن-کا-گیت", "میرا-گیت", "وَ-گیت"]
3. music, instrumental performance — Music in the general or abstract sense — the overall cultural practice of musical performance rather than specific instruments or specific songs. In Lamentations 5:14 the elders have ceased from the gate and the young men 'from their music,' mourning the collapse of an entire way of life. Spanish musica and the absence of any instrument-specific or song-specific qualifier distinguish this from the other two senses. It is the rarest usage but lexicographically important as a collective-abstract noun. 1×
AR["مِنْ-غِنَائِهِمْ"]·ben["তাদের-গান-থেকে"]·DE["[מנגינתם]"]·EN["from-their-music"]·FR["[מנגינתם]"]·heb["מ-נגינתם"]·HI["अपने-संगीत-से"]·ID["dari-musik-mereka"]·IT["melodia"]·jav["saking-musik-ipun"]·KO["그들-음악-에서"]·PT["de-sua-música"]·RU["от-музыки-своей"]·ES["de-su-música"]·SW["kutoka-muziki-wao"]·TR["şarkılarından-onların"]·urd["اپنی-موسیقی-سے"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [נְגִינָה] n.f. music;—abs. נְגִינַת ψ 61:1 (v. infr.); sf. נְגִינָתִי ψ 77:7; נְגִינָתָם Jb 30:9 + 2 times; pl. נְגִינוֹת ψ 4:1 + 6 times; נְגִינוֹתַי Is 38:20; -תָ֑י Hb 3:19;— 1. music (of stringed instr.) acc. cogn. Is 38:20; as occupation La 5:14; especially בִּנְגִינוֹת in ψ-titles; ψ 4:1; 6:1; 54:1; 55:1; 67:1; 76:1; so Hb 3:19; cf. עַל־נְגִינַת ψ 61:1 (read perhaps pl. Ges§ 80 f.). 2.…