H4900 H4900
To draw, pull, drag; to attract, prolong, extend; to draw out a sound or wield a weapon
A Hebrew verb rooted in the physical act of pulling or drawing, which extends into rich figurative territory. At its most concrete, it describes pulling Joseph from a pit (Gen 37:28) or selecting a Passover lamb (Exod 12:21). Yet its most memorable use is relational: 'I have drawn you with lovingkindness' (Jer 31:3). The same pulling force applies to time — prolonging days or deferring hope (Prov 13:12) — and to sound, as when the ram's horn blast is 'drawn out' at Sinai (Exod 19:13). Arabic مَسَكَ (to grasp) and Ethiopic መሰከ (to bend a bow) preserve the kinesthetic core.
Senses
1. draw/pull out physically — To physically draw out, pull, or extract an object or person — the basic Qal sense of exerting force. Spanish 'sacaron' (they pulled out) and French 'tira' (pulled) confirm the extraction meaning. Ranges from drawing Joseph from the pit (Gen 37:28) to drawing a bow in battle (1 Kgs 22:34). The concrete root from which all figurative senses spring. 7×
AR["اسْحَبُوا","تَجْذِبْ","سَحَبَ","شَدَّ","فَ-سَحَبُوا","هَلْ-تَجُرُّ","وَ-سَحَبُوا"]·ben["আর-টানল","এবং-তারা-টেনে-তুলল","টানল","টেনে-আন","তুমি-কি-টানবে","সে-টানেনি"]·DE["[וימשכו]","[משך]","[תמשך]","hat-pulled","und-zogen-heraus","ziehen-heraus","zog"]·EN["Can-you-draw-out","and-drew","and-they-pulled","draw-out","drew","has-pulled"]·FR["Méschec","a-pulled","et-tira","et-tirer","tira","tirer","tirer-dehors"]·heb["ו-ימשכו","משך","משכה","משכו","תמשוך"]·HI["और-उन्होंने-खींचा","और-खींचा","क्या-तू-खींचेगा","खींचा","निकालो"]·ID["Dapatkah engkau menarik","dan-mereka-menarik","menarik","pernah-menarik","tariklah"]·IT["Mesec","e-tirare","e-trasse","ha-pulled","tirare","trarre-fuori","trasse"]·jav["Lan-piyambakipun-narik","Narika","Punapa-Panjenengan-saged-narik","lan-piyambakipun-sami-narik","narik","sampun-narik"]·KO["가져와라","그리고-그들이-끌어-올렸다","그리고-끌어-올렸다","끌었다","네가-끌어내겠느냐","당겨다","당겼다"]·PT["E-puxaram","Puxarás","e-puxaram","puxou","retiraí"]·RU["выберите","вытащишь-ли","и-вытащили","натянул","тянула"]·ES["Y-sacaron","ha-tirado","sacad","tensó","y-sacaron","¿Sacarás"]·SW["Na-wakamvuta","Nendeni","alivuta","amevuta","je-utamvuta","na-wakamvuta"]·TR["Ve-çektiler","mı-Çekersin","ve-çektiler","çekin","çekti"]·urd["اور-کھینچا-انہوں-نے","اور-کھینچا-اُنہوں-نے","نکالو","کھینچا","کھینچی","کیا-تو-کھینچے-گا"]
2. draw/attract (people) — To draw or attract a person relationally or emotionally, implying influence rather than physical force. Spanish 'atráeme' (draw me) from Song 1:4 and 'atraeré' (I will attract) capture the magnetic pull. Hosea 11:4's 'I drew them with cords of love' and Jeremiah 31:3's lovingkindness illustrate God's gentle, persistent attraction of his people. 6×
AR["جَذَبتُهُم","جَذَبْتُكِ","قَلْبِي","مَشْكِينِي","وَ-أَجْلِبُ","يَتْبَعُ"]·ben["আমাকে-টান","এবং-টানব","টানতে","টেনেছি-তোমাকে-আমি","টেনেছিলাম-তাদের","যাবে"]·DE["[אמשכם]","[ימשוך]","[למשוך]","[משכני]","[משכתיך]","und-ich-wird-draw"]·EN["I-drew-them","I-drew-you","and-I-will-draw","draw-me","follows","to-draw"]·FR["Attire-moi,","et-je-sera-tirer","tirer","à-tirer"]·heb["אמשכם","ו-משכתי","ימשוך","ל-משוך","משכני","משכתיך"]·HI["और-खींचूँगा-मैं","खींच-मुझे","खींचता-है","खींचने-को","खींचा-है-तुझे-मैंने","मैं-उन्हें-खींचता-था"]·ID["Aku-menarikmu","Dan-akan-Kutarik","Tariklah-aku","mengikuti","untuk-merangsang"]·IT["[אמשכם]","e-io-volere-tirare","per-tirare","tirare","tirare-mio"]·jav["Kawula-narik-panjenengan","Kawula-narik-piyambakipun","Lan-Kula-badhé-narik","Mugi-narik-kula","kangge-narik","nututi"]·KO["그리고-내가-이끌겠다","끌기를","끌리나니","끌었노라-그들을","이끌어라-나-를","이끌었다-너를"]·PT["Atrai-me","E-atrairei","arrastará","atraí-te-com","para-atrair","puxei-eles"]·RU["Влеки-меня","И-привлеку-Я","влёк-их","идут","привлёк-Я-тебя","чтобы-тянуть"]·ES["Atráeme","Y-atraeré","atraer","los-atraje","seguirá;","te-atraje"]·SW["kujivuta","na-nitamvuta","niliwavuta","nimekuvuta","nivute","watavutwa"]·TR["cek-beni","cekmek-icin","ve-çekeceğim","çeker","çektim-onları","çektim-seni"]·urd["اور-کھینچوں-گی","میں-نے-اُنہیں-کھینچا","کھینچ-مجھے","کھینچا-میں-نے-تجھے","کھینچتا ہے","کھینچنے"]
3. extend/stretch/prolong — To extend, stretch out, or prolong in time or space — the pulling force applied to duration or dimension. Spanish 'extiende' (extend) and French 'tirer' confirm the stretching sense. Used of God extending mercy (Ps 36:10), prolonging patience (Neh 9:30), and stretching forbearance (Ps 85:5). The root metaphor is pulling something to make it longer. 6×
AR["امْدُدْ","تَمُدُّ","فَ-أَطَلْتَ","مَدَّ","مُمتَدّ","وَ-امْتَدَّ"]·ben["আর-দীর্ঘ-করলেন","এবং-টেনে-নিয়ে-গেল","কেউ-প্রসারিত-করে","তুমি-বিস্তার-করবে-কি","প্রসারিত-করল","বিস্তার-কর"]·DE["[ותמשך]","[משך]","einer-extending","extend","und-drew","wird-du-prolong"]·EN["and-drew","and-you-extended","extend","he-stretched-out","one-extending","will-you-prolong"]·FR["[ותמשך]","de-tirer","et-tira","tirer"]·heb["ו-משך","ו-תמשך","מושך","משוך","משך","תמשוך"]·HI["और-खींचा","तू-बढ़ाएगा","परन्तु-धीरज-धरी","बढ़ा","बढ़ाने-वाला","बढ़ाया"]·ID["Engkau-memperpanjang","dan-Engkau-membiarkan-berlalu","dan-maju","dia-mengulurkan","yang-mengulurkan"]·IT["Mesec","[ותמשך]","e-trasse","trasse"]·jav["Lajeng-Paduka-sabar","Mugi-nglestantunaken","Panjenengan-mulur","ingkang-nglajengaken","lan-narik","piyambakipun-muluk"]·KO["그리고-퍼졌다","그리하여-끊셨다","끊으시리이까","내밀었느니라","베푸는-자-가","펴소서"]·PT["E-prolongaste","Estende","e-estendeu-se","estendeu","prolongarás","quem-estenda"]·RU["И-терпел","и-протянулась","продли","простирающего","протянешь","протянул"]·ES["Extiende","Y-tuviste-paciencia","extendió","prolongarás","quien-extienda","y-avanzó"]·SW["Endeleza","alinyoosha","anayeendelea-na","na-ukawavumilia","na-wakaenea","utaendeleza"]·TR["Uzat","uzatacak-mısın","uzatan","uzattı","ve-uzattın","ve-çekti"]·urd["اور-چلے","اور-کھینچا","جاری-رکھ","رکھنے-والا-کوئی","کھینچا","کھینچے-گا-تُو"]
4. drag away forcibly — To drag or haul away by force, with connotations of violence or compulsion. Spanish 'arrastra' (drags) captures the forcible hauling. Isaiah 5:18 depicts those who 'draw iniquity with cords of vanity,' while Psalm 28:3 pleads 'do not drag me away with the wicked.' The multilingual evidence consistently distinguishes this from gentle attraction. 6×
AR["اِجُرُّوا","بِ-جَرِّهِ","تَجُرَّنِي","لِلَّذِينَ-يَجُرُّونَ","وَ-اجْمَعْ","وَ-يَجُرُّ"]·ben["-টেনে-নেওয়ালারা","আমাকে","এবং-টানো","এবং-সে-টানে","টেনে-নাও","যখন-সে-তাকে-টানে"]·DE["[ומשך]","[משכו]","[משכי]","drag-mich-weg","und-draw-heraus","wann-er-draws-ihn"]·EN["and-draw-out","and-he-drags-away","drag-me-away","draw","those-drawing","when-he-draws-him"]·FR["dans-tirer","et-tirer","et-tirer-dehors","tirer"]·heb["ב-משכו","ו-משך","ו-משכת","מושכי","משכו","תמשוך-אותי"]·HI["और-खींच","और-वह-खींचता-है","खींचकर-उसे","खींचनेवाले","खींचो","घसीट-मुझे"]·ID["dan-ia-menyeret","dan-tariklah","dengan-menarik","orang-orang-yang-menarik","seratlah"]·IT["[משכו]","e-tirare","e-tirare-fuori","tirare","trasse"]·jav["ingkang-narik","lan-narik","lan-narika","nalika-nyandhak","narik-kula","tariken"]·KO["그리고-끌어내나니","그리고-이끌어라","끌어내라","끌어당기는-자들아","끌어당기며","끌지"]·PT["E-arrasta","ao-arrastar","arrastai","dos-que-arrastam","e-reúne","me-arraste"]·RU["влеките","влекущим","и-влечёт","и-собирай","увлекай-меня","увлекая"]·ES["Y-arrastra","al-arrastrarlo","arrastra","de-los-que-arrastran","me-arrastres","y-arrastra"]·SW["Na-anavuta","akimvuta","mvuteni","na-uwavute","univute","wanaovuta"]·TR["cekenlere","ve-çek","ve-çeker","çekerken-onu","çekin","çekme-beni"]·urd["-کھینچ-کر","اور-لے","اور-کھینچتا ہے","مجھے-کھینچ","کھینچنے-والوں-پر","کھینچو"]
5. be prolonged/deferred (Nifal/Pual) — Nifal and Pual passive: to be prolonged, delayed, or deferred. Spanish 'prolongada' and 'se prolongará' confirm the temporal extension in passive voice. Proverbs 13:12's 'hope deferred makes the heart sick' is the best-known instance. Ezekiel twice reassures that prophetic visions will not be prolonged indefinitely (Ezek 12:25, 28). 4×
AR["تُمَدُّ","مُمْتَدٌّ","يَتَأَخَّرُ"]·ben["দীর্ঘ-হবে","দেরি-হবে","বিলম্বিত"]·DE["[ימשכו]","[ממשכה]","[תמשך]"]·EN["deferred","it-shall-be-prolonged","shall-be-prolonged","will-be-prolonged"]·FR["tirer"]·heb["יימשכו","ממושכת","תימשך"]·HI["खींचे-जाएंगे","लम्बी","वह-खिंचेगा"]·ID["akan-ditunda","diperpanjang","yang-ditunda-tunda"]·IT["[תמשך]","tirare"]·jav["badhé-dipuntundha","badhé-kalanjutaken","kang-kasuwun"]·KO["늘어나리라","늦추어지리라","지연된"]·PT["prolongada","será-adiada","serão-prolongados"]·RU["будет-отсрочено","затянувшаяся","продлятся"]·ES["prolongada","se-prolongará","serán-prolongados"]·SW["halitacheleweshwa","hazitaongezwa","linalocheleweshwa"]·TR["ertelenecek","uzatılan","uzayacak"]·urd["لمبی","لمبے-ہوں-گے","ٹالی-جائے-گی"]
6. sense 6 — Applied to people of unusual stature or appearance in Isaiah 18:2 and 18:7, describing a nation 'tall and smooth' — literally 'drawn out' in physique. Spanish 'estirada/estirado' (stretched) captures the elongated physical quality. This specialized sense extends the stretching metaphor to describe bodily proportions of a distant nation. 2×
AR["مَمْدُودٌ","مَمْدُودَةٍ"]·ben["দীর্ঘকায়"]·DE["[ממשך]"]·EN["tall"]·FR["tirer"]·heb["ממושך"]·HI["लम्बी","लम्बे"]·ID["yang-tinggi-semampai"]·IT["tirare"]·jav["ingkang-dhuwur-lan-licin"]·KO["키-크고"]·PT["estiçada","estiçado"]·RU["рослого","рослому"]·ES["estirada","estirado"]·SW["lililonyoshwa","walionyoshwa"]·TR["uzun-boylu"]·urd["لمبے-قد"]
7. prolong a sound (horn blast) — To draw out or prolong a musical sound, specifically the sustained blast of the ram's horn (shofar). Spanish 'al prolongar/prolongarse' (upon prolonging) confirms the acoustic-temporal sense. At Sinai, the people were to ascend the mountain 'when the horn blast is drawn out' (Exod 19:13); at Jericho, the walls fell at the prolonged sound (Josh 6:5). 2×
AR["عِندَما-يمُدُّ","عِنْدَ-نَفْخِ"]·ben["দীর্ঘ-ধ্বনিতে","ধ্বনি-করার-সময়"]·DE["als-ist-drawn-heraus","als-sounds"]·EN["when-is-drawn-out","when-sounds"]·FR["quand-est-drawn-dehors","quand-sounds"]·heb["ב-משוך"]·HI["खींचते-समय","बजने-पर"]·ID["Ketika-berbunyi","ketika-meniup"]·IT["quando-sounds","quando-è-tratto-fuori"]·jav["Nalika-muni","nalika-ngunekake"]·KO["까는-때에","끌때에"]·PT["ao-prolongar-de","ao-soar"]·RU["когда-затрубит","при-долгом-звуке"]·ES["al-prolongar","al-prolongarse"]·SW["litakapolia","wakati-wa-kupigwa"]·TR["çalındığında","çekerken"]·urd["بجانے-پر","بجنے-میں"]
8. wield/handle (weapon) — To draw or handle a weapon, especially a bow, describing warriors in battle. Spanish 'los que tensan' (those who draw tight) and 'los que empuñan' (those who grip) capture the martial handling. Judges 5:14 speaks of those who 'handle the staff of the scribe,' and Isaiah 66:19 mentions those who 'draw the bow' — skilled weapon-wielders. 2×
AR["جاذِبونَ","شَادِّي"]·ben["টানছে","যারা-টানে"]·DE["-jene-wielding","[משכי]"]·EN["-those-wielding","drawers-of"]·FR["-ces-wielding","tirer"]·heb["מושכי","מושכים"]·HI["खींचने-वाले","चलनेवाले"]·ID["yang-memegang","yang-merentangkan"]·IT["-quelli-wielding","tirare"]·jav["ingkang-narik","ingkang-nggawa"]·KO["끌어내리는-자들","당기는-자들"]·PT["os-que-puxam","que-estendem"]·RU["владеющие","натягивающих-"]·ES["los-que-empuñan","los-que-tensan"]·SW["wanaotembea","wapigia-upinde"]·TR["gerenleri","çekenler"]·urd["کھینچنے-والے"]
9. sense 9 — A single occurrence in Amos 9:13 where the sower 'draws' or 'reaches' the reaper, describing agricultural abundance so great that plowing overtakes harvest. Spanish 'al que siembra' (the one who sows) and the context of eschatological plenty suggest a temporal-spatial overlap — one season being 'drawn' into the next in miraculous profusion. 1×
AR["جَارَّ"]·ben["-সাথে-যে-টানে"]·DE["[במשך]"]·EN["the-sower-of-"]·FR["tirer"]·heb["ב-מוֹשך"]·HI["से-बोने-वाले"]·IT["[במשך]"]·jav["anggur"]·KO["에-끌는-자"]·PT["o-que-puxa-de"]·RU["к-сеющему"]·ES["al-que-siembra"]·SW["anayepanda-mbegu"]·TR["tohum-ekene"]·urd["بونے-والے-سے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מָשַׁךְ vb. draw, drag (NH id.; Aramaic מְשַׁךְ (rare) be extended, also conduct, take, Syriac ܡܫܰܟ is be dry, shrivelled (of fruit, etc.); Ethiopic መሰከ bend (the bow); Arabic مَسَكَ grasp and hold i. Frey; iv. Frey Lane; cf. also Assyrian mašku, skin (perhaps also march DlHWB 431), Arabic مَسْكٌ id., Aramaic ܡܶܫܟܳܐ, מַשְׁכָּא id.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מ׳ 1 K 22:34 + 2 times, וּמְשַׁךְ consec. Jb…