H4899 H4899
Anointed one; a king, priest, or leader consecrated by oil, culminating in the eschatological Messiah
One of the most theologically loaded words in the Hebrew Bible. At its base, mashiach simply means 'one who has been smeared with oil' -- a ritual act of consecration. Kings are anointed (Saul, David, and their successors are repeatedly called 'the LORD's anointed,' as in 1 Sam 24:6), and so are high priests (Lev 4:3). The word gathers eschatological weight in Daniel 9:25-26, where 'an anointed one, a prince' points beyond any historical king. Spanish renders this 'Mesías' and French 'oint,' each capturing a different dimension -- the title versus the act -- of this richly layered term.
Senses
1. anointed one, king or priest — The core usage: a specific person -- king or high priest -- consecrated through the ritual of anointing with sacred oil. Applied to Israelite kings as 'the LORD's anointed' (meshiach YHWH) throughout Samuel and the Psalms (1 Sam 24:6; Ps 2:2; 2 Sam 22:51), and to the high priest as 'the anointed priest' (Lev 4:3, 5, 16). English glosses like 'his-anointed' and 'anointed-of' with pronominal suffixes confirm the relational possessive construction tying the anointed to God. 34×
AR["-المَمْسُوحُ","عَلى-مَسيحِ","مَسيحَ","مَسيحُ","مَسيحِ","مَسِيحَ","مَسِيحَهُ","مَسِيحُ","مَسِيحِ","مَسِيحِكَ","مَسِيحِهِ"]·ben["অভিষিক্ত","অভিষিক্তকে","অভিষিক্তের","অভিষিক্তের-তোমার।","তাঁর-অভিষিক্তকে","তাঁর-অভিষিক্তের","তোমার-অভিষিক্তের","বিরুদ্ধে-অভিষিক্তের"]·DE["[משיח]","dein-Gesalbter","dein-anointed-one","der-salbte","gegen-salbte-von","salbte-von","sein-Gesalbter"]·EN["against-anointed-of","anointed-of","his-anointed","the-anointed","your-anointed","your-anointed-one"]·FR["[משיח]","contre-oignit-de","de-oint","le-oignit","oignit-de"]·heb["ב-משיח","ה-משיח","משיח","משיח-ו","משיחו","משיחך"]·HI["अपने-अभिषिक्त-के","अपने-अभिषिक्त-को","अभिषिक्त","अभिषिक्त-अपने-के","अभिषिक्त-पर","उसके-अभिषिक्त","तेरे-अभिषिक्त-के","तेरे-अभिषिक्त-के-साथ"]·ID["Yang-Diurapi-Nya","kepada-yang-diurapi","orang-yang-Engkau-urapi","yang-Engkau-urapi","yang-diurapi","yang-diurapi-Nya"]·IT["[משיח]","contro-unse-di","il-suo-unto","il-tuo-unto","il-unse","unse-di"]·jav["Juru-Selamet-ipun","Juru-slamet","dhateng-jebadan","ingkang-Panjenengan-jebadi","ingkang-dijebad","ingkang-kajebad-dening","ingkang-kajebadan","jebadan","jebadan-Panjenengan","juru-wilujeng-ipun","kang-dijebadi"]·KO["그-기름부음-받은","그-의-기름-부음-받은-자","기름-부음-받은","기름-부음-받은-자","기름-부음-받은-자를","기름-부음-받은-자이다","기름부음-받은-자","기름부음-받은-자-를","기름부음-받은-자-의","기름부음받은-자-가","기름부음받은자를","당신-의-기름-부음-받은-자","당신-의-기름-부음-받은-자-와","당신-의-기름-부음-받은-자-의","당신-의-기름부음-받은-자-의","에-기름부음받은자를"]·PT["contra-ungido-de","de-seu-ungido","de-teu-ungido","o-seu-ungido","o-teu-ungido","o-ungido","seu-ungido","teu-ungido","ungido-de"]·RU["Помазанника-Его","на-помазанника","помазанник","помазанника","помазанника-Своего","помазанника-Твоего","помазанный"]·ES["a-su-ungido","contra-ungido-de","el-ungido","el-ungido-de","su-ungido","ungido-de","ungido-de-ti","ungido-tuyo"]·SW["Masihi-wake","aliyetiwa-mafuta","kwa-mpakwa-mafuta","mpakwa-mafuta","mpakwa-mafuta-wa","mpakwa-mafuta-wako","mtiwa-mafuta","mtiwa-mafuta-wa","mtiwa-mafuta-wake"]·TR["-meshedilmiş","-meshedilmişine","Mesihine","Mesihini","Mesihinin","meshedilmisinin","meshedilmişi","meshedilmişine","meshedilmişini","meshedilmişinin"]·urd["اُس-کے-مسیح-کے","اپنے-مسیح-کا","اپنے-مسیح-کو","اپنے-مسیح-کے","تیرے-مسیح-کے","مسح-شدہ","مسح-کیا-ہوا","مسیح","مسیح-پر"]
Lev 4:3, Lev 4:5, Lev 4:16, Lev 6:22, 1 Sam 2:10, 1 Sam 2:35, 1 Sam 12:3, 1 Sam 12:5, 1 Sam 16:6, 1 Sam 24:6, 1 Sam 24:6, 1 Sam 24:10 (+22 more)
2. the Messiah, eschatological title — The titular, eschatological sense found in Daniel 9:25-26, where 'an anointed one' (mashiach nagid) designates a future deliverer figure. Spanish renders this distinctly as 'Mesías,' marking a shift from common noun to proper title. This is the semantic bridge to the New Testament Greek Christos, and both Daniel passages stand apart from other occurrences by using the term without a possessive suffix or relational phrase. 2×
AR["الْمَسِيحُ","مَسِيحٍ"]·ben["অভিষিক্ত"]·DE["[משיח]"]·EN["anointed-one"]·FR["[משיח]"]·heb["משיח"]·HI["मसीहा"]·ID["Mesias"]·IT["[משיח]"]·jav["Sang-Juru-Selamet"]·KO["기름붓음-받은-자","기름붓음-받은-자-가"]·PT["o-Messias"]·RU["Машиах","Машиаха"]·ES["Mesías"]·SW["Masihi"]·TR["meshedilmiş"]·urd["مسیح"]
3. anointed ones, collective plural — The collective plural referring to a protected group -- patriarchs and prophets -- whom God calls 'my anointed ones' (Ps 105:15; 1 Chr 16:22). The plural with first-person suffix (meshichai) extends the concept beyond a single officeholder to an entire class of divinely consecrated persons. This corporate sense is confirmed by the parallel command 'do my prophets no harm.' 2×
AR["مَسُحَائِي","مُسَحائي"]·ben["-মধ্যে","আমার-অভিষিক্তদের"]·DE["[במשיחי]","mein-Gesalbter-Leute"]·EN["My-anointed-ones","my-anointed-ones"]·FR["[במשיחי]","dans-oint"]·heb["ב-משיחי-י","ב-משיחיי"]·HI["मेरे-अभिषिक्तों-को"]·ID["orang-orang-yang-Ku-urapi","orang-orang-yang-Kuurapi"]·IT["[במשיחי]","unto"]·jav["dhateng-jebadan-Ingsun","para-jebadan-Ingsun"]·KO["나-의-기름-부음-받은-자들-을","에-기름부음받은-자들-나-의"]·PT["em-Meus-ungidos","em-meus-ungidos"]·RU["помазанников-Моих","помазанных-Моих"]·ES["a-mis-ungidos","a-ungidos-míos"]·SW["wapakwa-mafuta-wangu"]·TR["meshedilenlerime","meshedilmişlerime"]·urd["میرے-مسیحوں-کو"]
4. anointing, act of consecration — A participial sense in 2 Sam 1:21 where the reference is to the act of anointing itself -- Saul's shield 'not anointed with oil.' Here the word retains its verbal force rather than functioning as a substantive title. English 'anointing' and Spanish 'ungir' both capture the processual, verbal dimension that distinguishes this occurrence from the nominal uses. 1×
AR["مَسْحِ"]·ben["অভিষেক"]·DE["salbend"]·EN["anointing"]·FR["oignant"]·heb["משיח"]·HI["अभिषेक-के"]·ID["diurapi"]·IT["ungendo"]·jav["kajebadan"]·KO["기름-발림"]·PT["ungido"]·RU["помазания"]·ES["ungir"]·SW["kupakwa"]·TR["meshedilmiş"]·urd["ملمع"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מָשִׁיחַ n.m. anointed;—abs. מ׳ Lv 4:3 + 5 times; cstr. מְשִׁיחַ La 4:20 + 11 times; sf. מְשִׁיחִי ψ 132:17 1 S 2:35; מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ Hb 3:13 + 5 times; מְשִׁיחוֹ ψ 2:2 + 9 times; pl. sf. מְשִׁיחָ֑י 105:15 1 Ch 16:22;— 1. king of Israel anointed by divine command, מ׳ יהוה 1 S 24:7(×2), 11; 26:9, 11, 16, 23 2 S 1:14, 16; 19:22; La 4:20; מ׳ אלהי יעקב 2 S 23:1; so c. sfs. ref. to י׳, 1 S 12:3, 5; 16:6…