H4743 H4743
To rot, decay, waste away, pine away; used of physical decomposition and figurative wasting under divine judgment
A verb attested almost exclusively in the Nifal stem, describing the process of rotting, festering, or wasting away. The word carries an intensely physical quality -- festering wounds in Psalm 38:5, rotting flesh in Zechariah 14:12, and decomposing bodies under divine curse in Leviticus 26:39. Yet it also extends to cosmic dissolution, as when the host of heaven 'moulder away' in Isaiah 34:4. Ezekiel uses it for the spiritual wasting of Israel in exile, where the people pine away in their iniquities (Ezek 4:17; 24:23; 33:10). Arabic yadhibuna ('they dissolve') and Spanish 'consumirse' both capture the progressive, irreversible quality of this decay.
1. to rot away, waste away, decay (Nifal) — To rot away, waste away, decay, or pine away in the Nifal stem, describing physical decomposition or wasting of flesh, wounds, or entire persons under divine judgment. The semantic range spans festering sores (Ps 38:5), cosmic dissolution of the heavenly host (Isa 34:4), bodily wasting in exile (Ezek 4:17; 24:23; 33:10), and covenantal curse language where the disobedient will pine away in enemies' lands (Lev 26:39). Spanish 'consumirse' and 'disolverse,' along with Arabic cognate parallels, emphasize the gradual, consuming nature of this decay. The word always carries overtones of divine causation or judgment. 9×
AR["تَذُوبَانِ","ذَائِبُونَ","فَتَضْمَحِلُّونَ","قَاحَتْ","وَ-تَبْلَى","وَ-يَفْنَوْنَ","يَذُوبُ","يَذُوبُونَ"]·ben["আর-তারা-গলে-যাবে","এবং-ক্ষয়-হবে-তোমরা","ও-গলে-যাবে","ক্ষয়-হচ্ছি","গলে-যাবে","গলে-যাবে-তারা","গলে-যাবে।","পচে-গেছে"]·DE["[ונמקו]","[ונמקתם]","[נמקים]","[תמק]","[תמקנה]","sie-wird-rot-weg","und-fester","wird-rot-weg"]·EN["And-shall-waste-away","and-fester","and-they-shall-waste-away","and-you-shall-pine-away","are-rotting-away","they-will-rot-away","will-rot","will-rot-away"]·FR["[ונמקו]","et-fondre","fera-rot-away","fondre","ils-fera-rot-away"]·heb["ו-נמקו","ו-נמקותם","ימקו","נמקו","נמקים","תימק","תימקנה"]·HI["और-वे-सड़ेंगे","और-सड़-गए-हैं","और-सड़ेंगे","वे सड़ेंगे","सड़ेंगी","सड़ेंगे","सड़ेगी","हम"]·ID["Dan-akan-hancur","akan-membusuk","akan-merana","dan-kamu-akan-merana","dan-mereka-akan-merana","merana;","mereka-akan-merana"]·IT["[ונמקו]","[ונמקתם]","[נמקו]","[נמקים]","[תמק]","[תמקנה]","essi-fara-rot-via","fara-rot-via"]·jav["bosok","karisak","lan-sadaya","lan-tiyang-tiyang-punika-nglaras","nanging-panjenengan-sedaya-leleh","sami-alon","sami-alon.","sampun-krowok"]·KO["곪았도다","그리고-사라질-것이다","그리고-쇠하리라","그리고-썩어지리라","소멸되고-있으니","썬을것이다","썸으리라"]·PT["apodrecerá","apodrecerão","corrompem-se","definhamos","e-definhareis","e-definhem","e-se-dissolverão"]·RU["И-истлеют","гноятся","и-исчахнут","истает","истаиваем","истают","истлеют","рыдайте"]·ES["Y-se-disolverá","nos-consumimos;","se-consumirá","se-consumirán","se-pudrirán","supuran","y-os-consumiréis","y-se-consuman"]·SW["Na-vitaoza","na-mtadhoofika","na-watadhoofu","tunaoza","utaoza","watachoka","yameoza","yataoza"]·TR["Ve-curuyecek","ve-eriyecekler","ve-eriyeceksiniz","çürüdü","çürüyecek","çürüyecekler","çürüyoruz"]·urd["اور-گل-جائیں-گے","اور-گھلو-گے-تم","سڑ-گئے-ہیں","و-گل-سڑیں","گل-رہے-ہیں","گلیں-گی","گلیں-گے","گلے-گی"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. rotting, causing to rot (Hifil infinitive absolute) — The Hifil infinitive absolute used adverbially to intensify the description of rotting, functioning as a causative or emphatic form. Attested in Zechariah 14:12 in a vivid plague oracle: the flesh of those who war against Jerusalem will rot while they stand on their feet, their eyes rotting in their sockets and tongues rotting in their mouths. The Hifil form here intensifies the Nifal's basic meaning, adding an emphatic or causative nuance -- a divinely inflicted, active rotting rather than passive decay. 1×
AR["يَذُوبُ"]·ben["গলে-যাবে"]·DE["[המק]"]·EN["rotting"]·FR["fondre"]·heb["המק"]·HI["सड़ेगा"]·ID["akan-membusuk"]·IT["[המק]"]·jav["bosok"]·KO["썸으리라"]·PT["apodrecendo"]·RU["истает"]·ES["consumirse"]·SW["itaoza"]·TR["çürüyecek"]·urd["سڑے-گا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [מָקַק] vb. decay, rot, fester, fig. pine away (NH id.; Aramaic (𝔗) מְקַק);— Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נָמַ֫קּוּ ψ 38:6, וְנ׳ consec. Is 34:4 Ez 4:17; 2 mpl. וּנְמַקֹּתֶם consec. Ez 24:23; Impf. 3 fs. תִּמַּק Zc 14:12; 3 mpl. יִמַּ֫קּוּ Lv 26:39, יִמָּ֑קּוּ v 39; 3 fpl. תִּמַּקְנָה Zc 14:12; Pt. pl. נְמַקִּים Ez 33:10;— 1. fester, of wounds ψ 38:6 (+ הבאישׁ v. באשׁ). 2. rot, rot away, עֵינָיו…