Rot Decay Waste

† [נָבַע] vb. flow, spring, bubble up, poet. and late (NH id. (rare); Assyrian nabû, id., DlHWB 442; Arabic نَبَعَ well or issue forth (of water); Aramaic ܢܒܰܥ, נְבַע; Ethiopic ነብዐ ii. weep, አንብዕ tear(s));— Qal Pt. נַ֫חַל נֹבֵעַ Pr 18:4 a flowing wady, metaph. of מְקוֹר חָכְמָה. Hiph. Impf. יַבִּיעַ ψ 19:3 + 3 times; אַבִּ֫יעָה ψ 78:2 Pr 1:23; יַבִּ֫יעוּ ψ 94:4; 145:7; יַבִּיעוּן ψ 59:8; 3 fpl. תַּבַּ֫עְנָה ψ 119:171;— pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch forth: 1. pour out, fig. אַבִּיעָה לָכֶם רוּחִי Pr 1:23 (‖ אוֹדִ֫יעָה דְבָרַי אֶתְכֶם). 2. cause to bubble, ferment זְבוּבֵי מָ֫וֶת יַבְאִישׁ יַבִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵ֑חַ Ec 10:1. 3. fig., usually of speech, pour forth, emit, belch forth, emphat. expression: פִּי רְשָׁעִים יַבִּיעַ רָעוֹת Pr 15:28 (opp. לֵב צַדִּיק יֶהְגֶּה לַעֲנוֹת) i.e. the righteous considers before he speaks, the wicked bursts out with reckless utterance; פִּי כְסִילִים יַבִּיעַ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 15:2 (opp. לְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים תֵּיטִיב דָּ֑עַת); יַבִּ֫יעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק ψ 94:4 (‖ יִתְאַמְּרוּ כָּל־פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן); יַבּ׳ בְּפִיהֶם 59:8 (‖ חֲרָבוֹת בְּשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶם); in good sense, אַבִּ֫יעָה חִידוֹת 78:2 (‖ אֶפְתְּחָה בְּמָשָׁל פִּי); תַּבַּעְנָה שְׂפָתַי תְּהִלָּה 119:171; זֵכֶר רַב־טוּבְךָ יַבִּ֑יעוּ 145:7 (‖ וְצִדְקָֽתְךָ יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ, cf. also v 6); metaph. יוֹם לְיוֹם יַבּ׳ אֹמֶר 19:3, i.e. though silent, it really pours forth speech.

† [מָקַק] vb. decay, rot, fester, fig. pine away (NH id.; Aramaic (𝔗) מְקַק);— Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נָמַ֫קּוּ ψ 38:6, וְנ׳ consec. Is 34:4 Ez 4:17; 2 mpl. וּנְמַקֹּתֶם consec. Ez 24:23; Impf. 3 fs. תִּמַּק Zc 14:12; 3 mpl. יִמַּ֫קּוּ Lv 26:39, יִמָּ֑קּוּ v 39; 3 fpl. תִּמַּקְנָה Zc 14:12; Pt. pl. נְמַקִּים Ez 33:10;— 1. fester, of wounds ψ 38:6 (+ הבאישׁ v. באשׁ). 2. rot, rot away, עֵינָיו תִּמַּקְנָה בְחֹרֵיהֶן וּלְשׁוֹנוֹ תִּמַּק בְּפִיהֶֽם׃ Zc 14:12 (plague upon foes of Jerusalem). 3. moulder away, of צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם Is 34:4 (‖ וְנָגֹלּוּ כַּסֵּפֶר הַשָּׁמַיִם). 4. of pining away by reason of (בְּ), as punishment for, iniquity Ez 4:17; 24:23; 33:10 Lv 26:39(×2). Hiph. Inf. abs. הָמֵק, trans. ה׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Zc 14:12 a causing his flesh to rot.

† רָקָב n.[m.] rottenness, decay (always fig.);—ר׳ abs.; appar. of ravages of worm, in בֵּית יְ��וּדָה, in fig. Ho 5:12 (‖ עָשׁ), cf. Jb 13:28 (‖ id.); elsewhere of decay of bones, caries (in fig.), ר׳ בְּעַצְמ׳ Hb 3:16; Pr 12:4, cstr. רְקַב עַצְמ׳ 14:30.

† מַק (c. art. מָק) n.m. decay, rottenness;—תַּחַת בֹּשֶׂם מַק יִהְיֶה Is 3:24 instead of perfume rottenness shall there be; fig. שָׁרְשָׁם כַּמָּק יִהְיֶה 5:24 (‖ וּפִרְחָם כָּאָבָק יַעֲלֶה).

[רָקֵב] vb. rot (NH id.; Aramaic רקב in deriv.);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִרְקַב Is 40:20 (of tree); fig. שֵׁם רְשָׁעִים יִרְקָ֑ב Pr 10:7 (Krochm al. יוּקָ֑ב be cursed, √ קבב, cf. Toy).

σήπω, Refs 5th c.BC+: future σήψω Refs 4th c.BC+aorist ἔσηψα (δι-) Refs 2nd c.AD+:—make rotten or putrid, Refs 4th c.BC+.with; of a serpent's poison, Refs 4th c.BC+.with; of the sting of the σήψ, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __b soak hides, δέρματα σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, corrupt, waste, αἱ ἡσυχίαι σήπουσι καὶ ἀπολλύασι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II mostly in passive (perfect σέσηπα being used in passive sense, Refs 8th c.BC+, future σᾰπήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐσάπην [ᾰ] Refs 8th c.BC+; σαπήῃ (κατα-), Epic dialect subjunctive for σαπῇ, Refs 8th c.BC+perfect σέσημμαι probably in Refs 3rd c.AD+:—rot, moulder, of dead bodies, χρὼς σήπεται Refs 8th c.BC+; of wood, δοῦρα σέσηπε Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 of live flesh, mortify, ὁ μηρὸς ἐσάπη Refs 5th c.BC+; promote coction or formation of 'laudable' pus, in active, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 of water, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 of the food rejected after digestion, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.5 metaphorically, σ. ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς NT+4th c.BC+

† סוּחָה n.f. offal;—abs. in sim. נִבְלָתָם כַּסּוּחָה בְּקֶרֶב חוּצוֹת Is 5:25.