H4743 H4743
to rot away, waste away, decay (Nifal); rotting, causing to rot (Hifil infinitive absolute)
Senses
1. to rot away, waste away, decay (Nifal) — Nifal stem meaning to rot away, decay, waste away, or pine away, describing the process of physical decomposition or wasting of flesh, wounds, or persons under divine judgment. Arabic يَذُوبُونَ 'they melt/dissolve' and يَفْنَوْنَ 'they perish' and ذَائِبُونَ 'dissolving ones' consistently use dissolution/decay vocabulary. Spanish 'se pudrirán' (they will rot), 'se consumirán' (they will be consumed), and 'nos consumimos' (we are being consumed) confirm progressive wasting. Korean 썩어지리라 'will rot' and 소멸되고 있으니 'are being annihilated' reflect decay. Hindi सड़ेंगे/सड़ेगी 'will rot' is uniform. Swahili -oza 'to rot/decay' and -dhoofu 'to weaken' cover the semantic range. One occurrence (S114049) applies to festering wounds (Arabic قَاحَتْ 'they festered,' Spanish 'supuran'). All Nifal forms (perfect, imperfect, conjunctive perfect, participle) are inflectional variants of decay/dissolution. 9×
AR["تَذُوبَانِ","ذَائِبُونَ","فَتَضْمَحِلُّونَ","قَاحَتْ","وَ-تَبْلَى","وَ-يَفْنَوْنَ","يَذُوبُ","يَذُوبُونَ"]·ben["আর-তারা-গলে-যাবে","এবং-ক্ষয়-হবে-তোমরা","ও-গলে-যাবে","ক্ষয়-হচ্ছি","গলে-যাবে","গলে-যাবে-তারা","গলে-যাবে।","পচে-গেছে"]·DE["[ונמקו]","[ונמקתם]","[נמקים]","[תמק]","[תמקנה]","sie-wird-rot-weg","und-fester","wird-rot-weg"]·EN["And-shall-waste-away","and-fester","and-they-shall-waste-away","and-you-shall-pine-away","are-rotting-away","they-will-rot-away","will-rot","will-rot-away"]·FR["[ונמקו]","et-fondre","fera-rot-away","fondre","ils-fera-rot-away"]·heb["ו-נמקו","ו-נמקותם","ימקו","נמקו","נמקים","תימק","תימקנה"]·HI["और-वे-सड़ेंगे","और-सड़-गए-हैं","और-सड़ेंगे","वे सड़ेंगे","सड़ेंगी","सड़ेंगे","सड़ेगी","हम"]·ID["Dan-akan-hancur","akan-membusuk","akan-merana","dan-kamu-akan-merana","dan-mereka-akan-merana","merana;","mereka-akan-merana"]·IT["[ונמקו]","[ונמקתם]","[נמקו]","[נמקים]","[תמק]","[תמקנה]","essi-fara-rot-via","fara-rot-via"]·jav["bosok","karisak","lan-sadaya","lan-tiyang-tiyang-punika-nglaras","nanging-panjenengan-sedaya-leleh","sami-alon","sami-alon.","sampun-krowok"]·KO["곪았도다","그리고-사라질-것이다","그리고-쇠하리라","그리고-썩어지리라","소멸되고-있으니","썬을것이다","썸으리라"]·PT["apodrecerá","apodrecerão","corrompem-se","definhamos","e-definhareis","e-definhem","e-se-dissolverão"]·RU["И-истлеют","гноятся","и-исчахнут","истает","истаиваем","истают","истлеют","рыдайте"]·ES["Y-se-disolverá","nos-consumimos;","se-consumirá","se-consumirán","se-pudrirán","supuran","y-os-consumiréis","y-se-consuman"]·SW["Na-vitaoza","na-mtadhoofika","na-watadhoofu","tunaoza","utaoza","watachoka","yameoza","yataoza"]·TR["Ve-curuyecek","ve-eriyecekler","ve-eriyeceksiniz","çürüdü","çürüyecek","çürüyecekler","çürüyoruz"]·urd["اور-گل-جائیں-گے","اور-گھلو-گے-تم","سڑ-گئے-ہیں","و-گل-سڑیں","گل-رہے-ہیں","گلیں-گی","گلیں-گے","گلے-گی"]
2. rotting, causing to rot (Hifil infinitive absolute) — Hifil infinitive absolute used adverbially to intensify or describe the manner of rotting, functioning as a causative or emphatic form of decay. Arabic يَذُوبُ 'it dissolves' and Spanish 'consumirse' (to consume oneself, infinitive) maintain the dissolution meaning but in an intensified or causative frame. Korean 썸으리라 'will rot' and Hindi सड़ेगा 'will rot' parallel the Nifal meaning but the Hifil stem signals either causation or intensification. Swahili itaoza 'it will rot' aligns. This is kept separate from the Nifal because the Hifil stem in Hebrew often introduces a causative nuance (causing something to rot/decay) distinct from the middle-voice Nifal (rotting on its own). 1×
AR["يَذُوبُ"]·ben["গলে-যাবে"]·DE["[המק]"]·EN["rotting"]·FR["fondre"]·heb["המק"]·HI["सड़ेगा"]·ID["akan-membusuk"]·IT["[המק]"]·jav["bosok"]·KO["썸으리라"]·PT["apodrecendo"]·RU["истает"]·ES["consumirse"]·SW["itaoza"]·TR["çürüyecek"]·urd["سڑے-گا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [מָקַק] vb. decay, rot, fester, fig. pine away (NH id.; Aramaic (𝔗) מְקַק);— Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נָמַ֫קּוּ ψ 38:6, וְנ׳ consec. Is 34:4 Ez 4:17; 2 mpl. וּנְמַקֹּתֶם consec. Ez 24:23; Impf. 3 fs. תִּמַּק Zc 14:12; 3 mpl. יִמַּ֫קּוּ Lv 26:39, יִמָּ֑קּוּ v 39; 3 fpl. תִּמַּקְנָה Zc 14:12; Pt. pl. נְמַקִּים Ez 33:10;— 1. fester, of wounds ψ 38:6 (+ הבאישׁ v. באשׁ). 2. rot, rot away, עֵינָיו…