This important term denotes discipline, correction, or moral instruction—particularly the kind that shapes character through reproof or chastisement. It appears frequently in wisdom literature describing both divine discipline and human training. Job 33:16 uses it to describe how God opens people's ears through instruction or warnings. The term encompasses both the process of disciplining and the content of instruction, often with corrective force. It reflects the biblical understanding that true learning often requires correction and that wise people accept discipline rather than resist it.