H4103 H4103
confusion, tumult, panic (divine or military disorder)
1. confusion, tumult, panic (divine or military disorder) — Noun meaning confusion, tumult, panic, or disorder, typically sent by God upon enemies or describing chaotic situations of war and judgment. Arabic اضْطِرَابٌ/اضْطِرَابُ 'disturbance/turmoil' is used consistently across all seven sense clusters with only minor inflectional variation (definite الاِضْطِرَابَ, plural اضْطِرَابَاتٌ, construct اضْطِرَابُ). Spanish 'confusión' (confusion) appears in nearly every instance, with 'tumultos' and 'turbación' as contextual synonyms. Korean 혼란 'confusion/chaos' (with particles 이/을/의/들) is uniform. Hindi covers the semantic range with हलचल 'commotion,' हड़बड़ाहट 'panic,' गड़बड़ 'disorder,' and उलझन 'confusion.' Swahili uses hofu 'fear,' machafuko 'chaos,' mkanganyiko 'confusion,' and fadhaa 'alarm.' All seven clusters represent grammatical variants (singular, plural, construct, with article, with conjunction) of the same core lexical meaning; there is no evidence of genuinely distinct sub-senses in the multilingual data. 12×
AR["ارْتِبَاكًا","اضْطِراباتٍ","اضْطِرَابًا","اضْطِرَابٌ","اضْطِرَابٍ","اضْطِرَابَاتٌ","اضْطِرَابُ","اضْطِرَابُ-","الاِضْطِرَابَ","الِاضْطِرَابِ","اِضْطِرابٌ","وَ-اضْطِرابٌ"]·ben["আতঙ্ক","আতঙ্ক-","এবং-অশান্তি","কোলাহলের","গোলযোগগুলো","বিভ্রান্তি","বিভ্রান্তি-","বিশৃঙ্খলা","বিশৃঙ্খলার","হট্টগোলের"]·DE["[המהומה]","[ומהומה]","[מהומה]","[מהומת]","confusion","der-confusion","tumult","tumult-von-"]·EN["and-trouble","confusion","panic-of","the-confusion","the-tumult","tumult","tumult-of-","tumults"]·FR["[מהומה]","[מהומת]","confusion","et-ומהומה","le-confusion","trouble","tumult","tumult-de-"]·heb["ה-מהומה","ו-מהומה","מהוּמוֹת","מהומה","מהומת","מהומת־"]·HI["उलझन","और-व्याकुलता","कोलाहल","गड़बड़","गड़बड़-का","गड़बड़ियाँ","गड़बड़ी","घबराहट","हड़बड़ाहट","हलचल","हलचल-"]·ID["dan-kekacauan","kegemparan","kegemparan-","kekacauan","kekacauan-","kekacauan-kekacauan","kekacauannya"]·IT["[המהומה]","[מהומה]","[מהומת]","confusion","e-e-trouble","il-confusion","tumulto","tumulto-di-"]·jav["bingung-punika","geger","geger-geger","gègèr","gègèr-","gègèran-","ing-geger.","lan-kang-dipun-tindhes","lan-kasusahan"]·KO["그-혼란을","그-혼란의","그러나-혼란이","혼란","혼란과","혼란들을","혼란들이","혼란이","혼란이-","혼란이라"]·PT["a-confusão","confusão","confusão-de-","confusões","e-confusão","tumulto","tumulto-de","tumultos"]·RU["и-смятение","смятение","смятение-","смятением","смятения"]·ES["con-confusión","confusiones","confusión","confusión-de","la-confusión","tumultos","y-turbación"]·SW["hofu","hofu-ya","kwa-fadhaa","machafuko","mkanganyiko","na-wasiwasi","wa-fujo","ya-machafuko"]·TR["gürültü","kargasanin","kargaşada","kargaşalar","kargaşaları","karmaşa","karışıklık","karışıklığı","karışıklığı-","panik-","ve-kargaşa"]·urd["افراتفری","اور-بےچینی","بھڑک-","گھبراہٹ","ہلچل-کا","ہنگامہ","ہنگامہ-والی","ہنگامہ-کا","ہنگامے","ہنگامے-کا"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מְהוּמָה n.f. tumult, confusion, disquietude, discomfiture—abs. מ׳ Dt 7:23 + 7 times; cstr. מְהוּמַת 1 S 5:11 Ez 22:5; pl. abs. מְהוּמוֹת 2 Ch 15:5, מְהוּמֹת Am 3:9;— 1. tumult, confusion Am 3:9 (‖ עֲשׁוּקִים oppression), disturbance, turmoil (opp. peace) 2 Ch 15:5 (‖ vb. המם v 6), cf. Ez 22:5; disquietude (of mind) Pr 15:16; especially tumult & confusion, panic, as due to divine judgment…