H3807 H3807
Beat, crush, shatter; to pulverize by pounding, forge by hammering, or strike down in military defeat
A visceral verb of violent impact — the sound of metal on metal, stone on stone. When Moses crushed the golden calf, he ground it to dust (Deut 9:21); when Hezekiah destroyed the bronze serpent, he beat it to pieces (2 Kgs 18:4). Yet the same verb carries a hopeful note in Isaiah 2:4, where nations 'beat their swords into plowshares.' Spanish captures the range beautifully: 'machacó' for grinding destruction, 'forjarán' for reshaping metal into instruments of peace. Whether the object is an idol, a weapon, or an enemy army, the root conveys forceful, repeated blows that transform what they strike.
3. beat into shape, forge — Beating metal into a new shape — forging rather than destroying. Isaiah 2:4 and Micah 4:3 envision nations hammering swords into plowshares, while Joel 3:10 reverses the image: plowshares into swords. The same violent action that destroys in other contexts here transforms and repurposes. Spanish 'forjarán' and French 'battre' (in the smithing sense) reveal this constructive dimension. The Piel and Qal senses overlap here, since reshaping requires the same forceful blows as destruction. 3×
AR["اِطْرُقوا","وَ-يَطبَعُونَ","وَيَطْبَعُونَ"]·ben["এবং-তারা-পেটাবে","ও-পেটাবে","পেটাও"]·DE["[וכתתו]","[כתו]"]·EN["and-they-shall-beat","and-they-will-beat","beat"]·FR["[וכתתו]","battre","et-battre"]·heb["ו-כיתתו","כֹּתוּ"]·HI["और-पीटेंगी","और-वे-पीटेंगे","पीटो"]·ID["Dan-mereka-akan-menempa","Tempalah","dan-mereka-akan-menempa"]·IT["[וכתתו]","battere","e-battere"]·jav["Lan-piyambakipun-badhé-ngtèmpa","lan-piyambakipun-badhé-natabna","tatabna"]·KO["그리고-두드려-만들리라","두드려라","두드리리라"]·PT["E-forjarão","Forjai","e-baterão"]·RU["Перекуйте","и-перекуют"]·ES["Forjad","y-forjarán"]·SW["Fueni","na-watafua"]·TR["dövün","ve-dovecekler","ve-dövecekler"]·urd["اور-وہ-پیٹیں-گے","اور-پیٹیں-گے","پیٹو"]
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
1. be crushed or shattered — The passive or stative sense: to be crushed, shattered, or broken. In Leviticus 22:24, an animal with crushed testicles is unfit for sacrifice — Spanish 'machacada' vividly conveys the physical damage. Isaiah 30:14 compares judgment to a potter's vessel so thoroughly smashed that no shard remains useful. Isaiah 24:12 and 2 Chronicles 15:6 extend this to cities and nations struck to ruin. The Hofal and Qal passive participle forms carry the weight of destruction already accomplished. 7×
AR["انْسَحَقُوا","تُكَسَّرُ","مُحَطَّمًا","وَتَحَطَّمَتْ","وَمَرْضُوضٌ","يُحَطَّمونَ","يُضْرَبُ-"]·ben["আঘাত-হয়েছে-","আর-চূর্ণ-হলো","এবং-পেষা","চূর্ণ-করা","চূর্ণ-করা-হবে","তারা-চূর্ণ-হয়","পরাজিত-হয়েছে"]·DE["[וכתתו]","[יכת]","[יכתו]","[כתות]","und-zermalmte"]·EN["and-crushed","are-beaten","is-struck","smashed","they-are-shattered","will-be-beaten"]·FR["[וכתתו]","[יכת]","[יכתו]","[כתות]","battre","briser","et-écrasa"]·heb["הוכתו","ו-כתות","ו-כתתו","יוכה","יוכתו","כתות"]·HI["और-कुटा","और-टूटा","कुचले-गए","चूर-चूर","टूटे-जाते-हैं","तोड़ी-जाएंगी","मारा-गया-"]·ID["Dan-dihancurkan","akan-dihancurkan","dan-yang-dipukul","dihancurkan","dipukul-","yang-dihancurkan"]·IT["[וכתתו]","[יכת]","[יכתו]","[כתות]","battere","e-schiaccio","essi-sono-shattered"]·jav["Lan-karemuk","badhé-dipungempur","dipun-tugel-","dipunremuk","ingkang-diremuk","lan-dipun-gepuk","sami-dipun-gepuk"]·KO["그리고-그들이-부서졌다","그리고-짓이긴","부서졌으니-","부서지리라","부서진","부수어졌다","쳐진다-그들이"]·PT["abatidos","e-foi-despedaçada","e-machucado","esmagado","serão-despedaçados","são-despedaçados","é-golpeado-"]·RU["будут-разбиты","и-разбитое","и-сокрушался","разбитого","сокрушаются","сокрушены","сокрушены-"]·ES["fue-golpeada","fueron-aplastados","machacada","serán-despedazadas","son-quebrantados","y-aplastado","y-fueron-aplastados"]·SW["kilichovunjwa","limepigwa","na-aliyepondwa","na-wakapigana","wamevunjwa","wanapigwa","zitavunjwa"]·TR["Ve-ezildi","ezildiler","kırılırlar","parcalanmis","parçalanacak","ve-dövülmüş","vurulacak-"]·urd["اور-ٹکڑائے-گئے","اور-کچلے-ہوئے","ٹوٹا-ہوا","ٹکڑے-ٹکڑے-ہوں-گے","پیٹا-جائے-گا","کوٹ-دیے-گئے","کوٹے-جاتے-ہیں"]
2. crush or pound to pieces — The active sense of crushing or pulverizing something into small pieces through repeated blows. Moses ground the golden calf until it was fine as dust (Deut 9:21, with the intensifier 'grinding well'); Hezekiah smashed the bronze serpent (2 Kgs 18:4). In Psalm 89:23 God promises to crush the psalmist's enemies. Spanish 'machacó' and 'aplastaré' emphasize the thoroughness of the destruction. The Piel stem intensifies the action — not merely breaking but reducing to fragments. 5×
AR["كَسَّرَهَا","وَ-يَسْحَقُونَ","وَأَسْحَقُ","وَسَحَقَ","وَسَحَقْتُهُ"]·ben["এবং-আমি-চূর্ণ-করব","এবং-আমি-পিষেছিলাম","এবং-চূর্ণ-করলেন","এবং-তারা-চূর্ণ-করবে","পিটিয়ে"]·DE["[וכתתו]","[כתת]","und-er-crushed","und-ich-wird-zermalmen","und-ich-zermalmte"]·EN["[obj]","and-I-crushed","and-I-will-crush","and-he-crushed","he-beat"]·FR["[כתת]","et-battre","et-il-écrasa","et-je-écrasa"]·heb["ו-אכות","ו-כיתת","ו-כיתתו","ו-כתותי","כתת"]·HI["उसने-कुचला","और-कूटा-मैंने","और-चूर-किया","और-मैं-कुचलूँगा","और-वे-कूटेंगे"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-menghancurkan","dan-aku-menumbuk","dan-menghancurkan","dan-mereka-akan-menghancurkan","dihancurkan"]·IT["[כתת]","e-battere","e-egli-schiacciò","e-io-schiaccio","e-percosse"]·jav["Lan-Kula-badhé-ngremuk","lan-kawula-nggerus","lan-ngremuk","ngrémuk"]·KO["그가-부수었다","그가-빻었다","그리고-그들이-부수리라","그리고-찧었도다-내가","부수리라"]·PT["E-esmagarei","bateu","e-despedaçou","e-esmaguei","e-golpearão"]·RU["и-разбил","и-раздробят","и-сокрушил","и-сокрушу-я","измельчил"]·ES["Y-aplastaré","machacó","y-golpearán","y-lo-machaqué","y-rompió"]·SW["Na-nitawaponda","kiּtaּt","na-akavunja-vipande-vipande","na-nikaiponda","na-wataiangamiza"]·TR["parçaladı","ve-dövdüm","ve-ezeceğim","ve-param-parça-etti","ve-vuracaklar"]·urd["اور-تکڑے-تکڑے-کیے","اور-کوٹا","اور-کچل-دیں-گے","اور-کچلوں-گا","کوٹا"]
4. defeat or strike down militarily — A military sense: to strike down or crush an enemy force in battle. In Numbers 14:45, the Amalekites and Canaanites crushed Israel's unauthorized advance; in Deuteronomy 1:44, the Amorites struck them down. Spanish 'derrotaron' (defeated) and German 'schlug' (struck) confirm the martial context. The Hifil causative stem emphasizes that one party inflicts crushing defeat upon another — the blows are directed against people, not objects. 2×
AR["وَ-سَحَقُوهُمْ","وَ-ضَرَبوكُمْ"]·ben["এবং-আঘাত-করল","এবং-ধ্বংস-করল-তাদের"]·DE["und-sie-schlug","und-zermalmte-ihnen"]·EN["and-crushed-them","and-they-struck"]·FR["et-ils-frappa","et-écrasa-eux"]·heb["ו-יכתו","ו-יכתום"]·HI["और-कुचला"]·ID["dan-menghancurkan-mereka","dan-mereka-memukul"]·IT["e-essi-colpi","e-schiaccio-loro"]·jav["lan-nggeth-ok-piyambak-ipun-sadaya","lan-ngremuk"]·KO["그리고-그들이-쳤다","그리고-부수었다"]·PT["e-esmagaram-os","e-feriram"]·RU["и-разбили","и-рассеяли-их"]·ES["y-los-derrotaron","y-os-derrotaron"]·SW["kuma","na-akawashinda"]·TR["ve-ezdi-onları","ve-vurdular"]·urd["اور-مارا","اور-مارتے-رہے-اُنہیں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [כָּתַת] vb. beat, crush by beating (NH id.; Aramaic כְּתַת);— Qal Pf. 1 s. וְכַתּוֹתִ֫י ψ 89:24; Impf. i s. וָאֶכֹּת Dt 9:21; Imv. mpl. כֹּ֫תּוּ Jo 4:10; Pt. pass. כָּתוּת Is 30:14 Lv 22:24;— 1. beat or crush fine, of a potter’s vessel Is 30:14, the golden calf Dt 9:21 (+ טָחוֹן הֵיטֵב); a sacrificial victim Lv 22:24 (i.e. its testicles; + מָעוּךְ, נָתוּק, כָּרוּת); fig. of enemies ψ 89:24. 2.…