This gentilic adjective designates someone as belonging to Israel, appearing in two notable contexts. In Leviticus 24:10-11 it describes both a man and a woman involved in the blasphemy incident that led to the death penalty legislation. The 2 Samuel occurrence is textually uncertain: the Masoretic text reads "the Ishmaelite" while the Septuagint and parallel in 1 Chronicles 2:19 support "the Israelite," creating interpretive challenges about Amasa's father's identity.