H3415 H3415
to quiver, tremble; to be grieved or distressed (of the soul)
This rare verb describes the trembling or quivering of the soul in distress or terror. Isaiah uses it to portray Moabite soldiers whose souls 'quiver' in fear before invading forces. The root appears also in contexts of inner turmoil and emotional distress, where things 'go badly' for someone's spirit. Arabic and Targum cognates suggest associations with weakness, timidity, or being disheartened.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The verb appears in passages describing inner trembling or distress. Isaiah portrays the Moabite warrior whose 'soul quivers within him' (Isa 15:4) in terror before judgment. Hannah's husband asks, 'Why is your heart grieved?' when she weeps in barrenness (1Sam 1:8). Joab warns that things will 'go badly' if Absalom's enemy escapes (2Sam 20:6), and Job describes a calamity that 'goes badly' for the wicked (Job 20:26). French est affligea and Spanish está malo/hará mal track the emotional distress dimension, while English 'trembles' and German ist grieved preserve the visceral quivering aspect. 4×
AR["تَرْتَعِدُ", "يَسُوءُ", "يُسِيءُ"]·ben["কাঁপে", "দুঃখিত", "মন্দ-করবে-", "মন্দ-হবে"]·DE["[ירע]", "[ירעה]", "ist-grieved", "wird-tue-Boese"]·EN["is-grieved", "it-goes-badly", "trembles", "will-do-evil"]·FR["[ירעה]", "est-affligea", "fera-fais-mal", "ירע"]·heb["ירע", "ירעה"]·HI["काँपता-है", "दुखी-है", "बुरा-होगा", "बुराई-करेगा"]·ID["akan-menjadi-jahat", "gemetar", "malang", "sedih"]·IT["[ירעה]", "esso-goes-badly", "vorrà-fa-male", "è-si-addolorò"]·jav["awon", "badhe-ndamel-awon", "gumeter", "sedhih"]·KO["떨리도다", "슬프냐", "해를-끼칠-것이다", "해콜리라"]·PT["está-mal", "fará-mal", "irá-mal", "treme"]·RU["огорчено", "пострадает", "причинит-зло", "трепещет"]·ES["está-malo", "hará-mal", "será-mal", "tiembla"]·SW["atatudhuru", "huzunika", "inatetemeka", "itadhuru"]·TR["kötü", "kötü-olur", "kötü-yapacak", "titriyor"]·urd["برا ہو", "بُرا-ہے", "نقصان-کرے-گا", "کانپتی-ہے"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [יָרַע] vb. quiver (cf. Arabic وَرَعَ be timid, weak; وَرَعٌ pious fear; 𝔗 יְרַע be disheartened)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. נַפְשׁוֹ יָֽרְעָה לוֹ Is 15:4 his soul quivereth to him, i.e. is in terror and distress.