This Hebrew adjective appears only twice in wisdom and prophetic literature, both times characterizing arrogant persons who act with presumption. In Proverbs, it forms part of a triple description—'presumptuous, haughty, scoffer'—of someone who acts with overweening pride. In Habakkuk, it describes a man whose soul is not upright. The word captures the moral quality of arrogance that sets oneself above proper bounds, a vice consistently condemned in biblical wisdom literature.