H3021 H3021
To toil or grow weary; in Hifil, to weary or exhaust someone; encompasses both the labor and the fatigue it produces.
Covers the full arc of strenuous effort—from the exertion itself to the exhaustion it leaves behind. In the Qal, it can describe a soldier whose hand 'grew weary' clinging to his sword (2 Sam 23:10), or the futile labor of idolaters who 'toil' with sorceries (Isa 47:12). The Hifil turns the lens outward: God asks Israel, 'Have you wearied me?' (Isa 43:24), while Malachi charges the priests with wearying the LORD with empty words. Spanish 'cansar/fatigar' and French 'lasser/se fatiguer' mirror the same dual valence of effort and its toll.
1. grow weary, become fatigued — The intransitive state of becoming physically or emotionally exhausted. David's warrior Eleazar fought until his hand 'grew weary' (2 Sam 23:10); the psalmist is 'weary with groaning' (Ps 6:6). Cross-linguistically, Spanish 'estoy cansado' and French 'se fatigueront' confirm a focus on the resulting condition rather than the activity—being drained, spent, worn out. 12×
AR["تَتْعَبْ","تَعِبَتْ","تَعِبْتَ","تَعِبْتُ","تَعِبْتِ","تَعِبْنَا","وَيَتعَبُ","وَيَكِلُّونَ","يَتْعَبُ","يَتْعَبُونَ"]·ben["আমি-ক্লান্ত","আমি-ক্লান্ত-হয়েছি","এবং-পরিশ্রম-করে","এবং-পরিশ্রান্ত-হবে","ক্লান্ত-হয়েছ","ক্লান্ত-হয়েছিলাম-আমরা","ক্লান্ত-হল","তুমি-ক্লান্ত-হয়েছ","পরিশ্রম-করো","পরিশ্রান্ত-হন","পরিশ্রান্ত-হবে"]·DE["[וייגעו]","[יגענו]","[תיגע]","grew-weary","ich-bin-müde","muede-werden","und-muede-werden"]·EN["I-am-weary","and-grow-weary","grew-weary","grow-weary","that-toil","there-is-no","we-are-weary","weary-yourself","you-grew-weary","you-have-grown-weary"]·FR["et-ils-se-fatigueront","et-se-lasser","grandit-weary","se-fatiguer","se-lasser","תיגע"]·heb["ו-ייגעו","יגעה","יגענו","יגעת","יגעתי","ייגע","ייגעו","תייגע"]·HI["और-थकेंगे","और-श्रमित-होते-हैं","तू-थक-गई","थक","थक-गया","थक-गया-हूँ","थका-तू","मैं-थक-गया-हूँ","श्रमित-होंगे","श्रमित-होता-है","हम-थके-हैं"]·ID["Aku-lelah","aku-lelah","bahwa-berjerih-payah","dan-lesu","engkau-lelah","engkau-menjadi-lelah","kami-lelah","lelah","lesu","melelahkan-diri","menjadi-lesu"]·IT["crebbe-stanco","e-stancarsi","mi-sono-affaticato","stancarsi","weary-yourself"]·jav["Kawula-sampun-kesel","Sayah-kula","kita-sami-sayah","kula-sampun-kesel","lan-rakyat-rakyat-sayah","lan-sayah","panjenengan-sampun-bosen","panjenengan-sayah","sayah"]·KO["그리고-수고하여도","그리고-지치리라","네가-수고했는데","수고하지","우리-가-피곤하네","지쳤나이다","지쳤다","지치며","지치시느니라","지치하였느니라","피곤하였다-내가","피곤하였도다"]·PT["Cansei-me","Estou-cansado","cansamo-nos","cansaste","cansei-me","cansou","e-se-fatigarão","e-trabalharão","se-fatiga","se-fatigarão","te-cansaste","te-canses"]·RU["Утомился-я","и-изнемогут","и-трудится","изнемогает","изнуряй-себя","устал-ты","устал-я","устала","устанут","устаём","утомилась-ты","утомился-я"]·ES["Estoy-cansado","me-canso","nos-fatigamos","se-cansa","se-cansarán","se-cansó","te-cansaste","te-fatigues","y-se-fatigan","y-se-fatigarán"]·SW["Nimechoka","choka","choki","ilichoka","na-kudhoofika","na-wanachoka","nimechoka","tumechoka","ulichoka","umechoka","usijichooshe"]·TR["bitkin-duser","ve-bitkin-duser","ve-yorulurlar","yorulacaklar","yoruldu","yorulduk","yoruldum","yoruldun","çabalı-ol"]·urd["اور-تھکیں-گے","اور-محنت-کرتے-ہیں","تُو-تھک-گیا","تھک","تھک-گئی","تھک-گیا","تھکیں-گے","میں-تھک-گیا","میں-تھک-گیا-ہوں","وہ-تھکتا","ہم-تھک-گئے"]
2 Sam 23:10, Ps 6:6, Ps 69:3, Prov 23:4, Isa 40:28, Isa 40:30, Isa 40:31, Isa 43:22, Isa 57:10, Jer 45:3, Lam 5:5, Hab 2:13
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. toil, labor, exert effort — The active exertion of effort in labor or toil, where the emphasis falls on the striving rather than the tiredness. Joshua reminds Israel they enjoy cities 'for which you did not labor' (Josh 24:13); Isaiah's Servant laments, 'I have labored in vain' (Isa 49:4). The distinction from sense 1 is subtle but consistent: here the multilingual evidence (Spanish 'me fatigué,' French 'se lasser') highlights the expenditure of energy, not its depletion. 8×
AR["أَتْعَبُ","تَعِبْتُ","تَعِبْتِ","وَتَتْعَبُ","يَتْعَبُونَ","يَجِعْتَ"]·ben["আমি-পরিশ্রম-করি","আমি-পরিশ্রম-করেছি","আর-পরিশ্রম-করবে","তারা-পরিশ্রম-করবে","তুমি-পরিশ্রম-করেছ","তুমি-পরিশ্রম-করেছিলে"]·DE["[איגע]","du-labored","muede-werden","und-muede-werden"]·EN["I-labor","I-labored","and-have-labored","shall-they-labor","you-have-labored","you-labored"]·FR["et-se-lasser","se-lasser","tu-labored","איגע"]·heb["אייגע","ו-ייגעו","יגעת","יגעתי","ייגעו"]·HI["और-परिश्रम-करेंगे","तूने-परिश्रम-किया","परिश्रम-करेंगे","परिश्रम-किया-तुमने","परिश्रम-किया-है-तूने","मैं-परिश्रम-करूँ","मैंने-परिश्रम-किया"]·ID["Aku-bersusah-payah","aku-bersusah-payah","dan-bersusah-payah","engkau-melelahkan-diri","engkau-telah-bekerja-keras","kamu-bersusah-payah","mereka-akan-bersusah-payah"]·IT["I-labor","e-stancarsi","stancarsi","tu-labored"]·jav["kawula-nyambut-damel","kula-sampun-rekaos","lan-nyambut-damel","nglayani","panjenengan-sampun-nyambut-damel","panjenengan-sampun-rekaos","piyambakipun-badhe-nyambut-damel"]·KO["그들이-헛되이-수고하지","그리고-수고하리라-그들이","내가-수고하겠느냐","내가-수고했고","네가-수고한","수고하였느니라","수고하였는데","수고한"]·PT["e-trabalharão","me-esforcei","te-cansaste","trabalharão","trabalhaste","trabalhei"]·RU["будут-трудиться","и-будут-трудиться","трудилась-ты","трудился","трудился-Я","утруждаюсь"]·ES["me-fatigo?","me-fatigué","te-fatigaste","trabajarán","trabajaste","trabajasteis","y-trabajarán"]·SW["hawatafanya-kazi","ijitaabisha","na-wanajitaabisha","nimejitaabisha","ninajitaabisha","umeifanyia-kazi","umejitaabisha"]·TR["alistirdigin","calistigin","calistim","calistin","ve-çalıştılar","yorulacaklar","çalıştın","çalışıyorum"]·urd["اور-محنت-کریں-گے","تو-محنت-کرتی-رہی","تُو-نے-محنت-کی","محنت-کروں","محنت-کی-تم-نے","میں-نے-محنت-کی","وہ-محنت-کریں-گے"]
3. weary someone (Hifil causative) — The Hifil causative: to make someone weary, to tire or exasperate another person. This is theologically potent—God complains that Israel has 'wearied' him not with offerings but with sins (Isa 43:24), and Malachi twice asks 'How have we wearied him?' (Mal 2:17). Spanish 'cansasteis' (you wearied) and French 'lassé' reinforce the interpersonal, causative force. 4×
AR["أَتْعَبْتَنِي","أَتْعَبْتُمْ","أَتْعَبْنَاهُ","أُتْعِبْكَ"]·ben["আমরা-ক্লান্ত-করেছি","ক্লান্ত-করিয়েছ-আমাকে","ক্লান্ত-করিয়েছি-তোমাকে","তোমরা-ক্লান্ত-করেছ"]·DE["[הוגענו]","[הוגעתם]","muede-werden"]·EN["I-wearied-you","You-have-wearied","have-we-wearied","you-have-wearied-Me"]·FR["[הוגעתם]","nous-avons-lassé","se-lasser"]·heb["הוגענו","הוגעתיך","הוגעתם","הוגעתני"]·HI["तुमने-थकाया","थकाया-तूने-मुझे","थकाया-मैंने-तुझे","हमने-थकाया"]·ID["Aku-melelahkan-engkau","Kamu-melelahkan","engkau-melelahkan-Ku","kami-melelahkan-Nya"]·IT["stancarsi"]·jav["Ingsun-sampun-ngrekaosaken-panjenengan","kita-damel-sayah","panjenengan-damel-sayah","panjenengan-sampun-ngrekaosaken-Ingsun"]·KO["지치게-했느니라-나를","지치게-했느니라-너를","피곤하게-했나요-우리가","피곤하게-했다"]·PT["Cansastes","cansamos","me-cansaste","te-cansei"]·RU["Утомили-вы","утомили-мы","утомлял-Я-тебя","утомлял-ты-Меня"]·ES["Cansasteis","le-cansamos?","me-cansaste","te-cansé"]·SW["kukuchosha","mmemchosha","tumemchosha","umenichosha"]·TR["Yordunuz","yorduk","yordum-seni","yordun-beni"]·urd["تم-نے-تھکا-دیا","تُو-نے-تھکایا-مجھے","میں-نے-تھکایا-تجھے","ہم-نے-تھکایا"]
4. exhaust, tire out (Piel intensive) — A Piel intensive sense: to tire someone out through persistent or repeated action. In Ecclesiastes 10:15, the fool's toil 'wearies him' because he cannot find his way to the city—a wry image of effort compounding upon itself. Joshua 7:3 advises against wearying all the people for a small fight. The intensified stem suggests a wearing-down process rather than a single act of exhaustion. 2×
AR["تُتعِبْ","تِيجّْعِنُّو"]·ben["ক্লান্ত-কর-","তাকে-ক্লান্ত-করে"]·DE["[תיגענו]","muede-"]·EN["wearies-him","weary-"]·FR["weary-","תיגענו"]·heb["תייגע-","תייגענו"]·HI["थकाओ","थकाता-है-उसे"]·ID["melelahkan-","melelahkan-mereka"]·IT["wearies-lui","weary-"]·jav["ngesahaken","nglarakaken-piyambakipun"]·KO["수고하게-하라-","피곴하게-한다-그를"]·PT["fatigues","o-cansa"]·RU["утомляет-их,","утомляй-"]·ES["fatigues","lo-fatiga"]·SW["inawachosha","wachoshe-"]·TR["yorar-onu","yorma-"]·urd["تھکا-دیتی-ہے-اُسے","تھکاؤ-"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [יָגֵעַ, יָגַע] vb. toil, grow or be weary (NH id.; Assyrian êgû, grow weary DlPr 140; Arabic وَجِعَ have pain, suffer)— Qal Pf. יָֽגְעָה 2 S 23:10; יָגַ֫עְתָּ Jos 24:13 Is 43:22; יָגַ֫עַתְּ 47:12 + 2 times; יָגָ֑עַתְּ Is 47:15; יָגַ֫עְתִּי ψ 6:7 + 3 times; יָגַ֫עְנוּ La 5:5; Impf. יִיגָ֑ע Is 40:28; 2 ms. תִּיגַע Pr 23:4; אִיגָ֑ע Jb 9:29; יִיגְעוּ Hb 2:13; יִֽגְעוּ Je 51:58 Is 65:23; יִיגָ֑עוּ…