Weariness and Exhaustion

† I. עוּף vb. fly (NH id., (rare) flicker, flutter, עוֹף fowl; Aramaic עוֹפָא, ܥܰܘܦܳܐ id.; Ethiopic ዖፍ id.; Arabic عَوْفٌ augury, from birds (cf. WeHeid. 2, 202), fortune, عيف, عَافَ practice augury, عَاىَٔفٌ augur; also عوف, عَاَفَ fly about, of birds);— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. וְעָפוּ consec. Is 11:14; Impf. 3 ms. יָעוּף Jb 20:8 ψ 91:5 + Pr 23:5b Qr (> Kt ועוף [van d. H.], or ועיף [Ginsb]); וַיָּעֹ֑ף 2 S 22:11 = ψ 18:11; Na 3:16, וַיָּ֫עָף Is 6:6; 3 fs. (הֲ)תָעוּף Pr 23:5a Kt (v. infr.); 3 fpl. תְּעוּפֶינָה Is 60:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. עוּף Jb 5:7; Pr 26:2; Pt. fs. עָפָה Zc 5:1, 2; pl. עָפוֹת Is 31:5;— 1. a. fly, of birds Dt 4:17, specif. of swallow (in sim.) Pr 26:2 (‖ נוּד); of seraph Is 6:6 (cf. Pōʿl.); י׳ riding (רכב) on cherub 2 S 22:11 = ψ 18:11; roll (in vision) Zc 5:1, 2; arrow ψ 91:5; of swift army Is 11:14 (under fig. of bird, sq. בְּכָתֵף) Hb 1:8 (sim. of vulture); fig. of ships (like cloud, or doves) Is 60:8; בְּנֵי־רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף Jb 5:7 make high to fly, i.e. make their flight high, soar aloft (sim. of irresistible tendency). b. hover (protectingly) Is 31:5 (birds, sim. of י׳; on sense cf. Dt 32:11). 2. fly away, to a distance, ψ 55:7 (fig.; ‖ אַרְחִיק נְדֹד v 8); = vanish, of locusts Na 3:16 (fig.); כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמַיִם Pr 23:5b (Qr) sim. of riches (v. Toy); of wicked Jb 20:8 (כַּחֲלוֹם); end of life, in gen., וַנָּעֻ֑פָה ψ 90:10.—הֲתָעוּף Pr 23:5a Kt, do thine eyes fly (light) upon it? (הֲתָעִיף Hiph. Qr dost thou cause thine eyes to fly, etc.?) is difficult, and line perhaps not original (v. Toy). Pōʿl. 1. fly about, to and fro; Impf. 3 ms. יְעוֹפֵף of birds Gn 1:20 (P); seraphim Is 6:2; Pt. שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף flying fiery serpent Is 14:29; 30:6. 2. cause to fly to and fro, brandish, Inf. cstr. sf. בְּעוֹפְפִי חַרְבִּי Ez 32:10 when I brandish my sword before them. Hithpōʿl. Impf. 3 ms. כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם Ho 9:11 like a bird their glory shall fly away. Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. Qr, v. Qal ad fin.

† [יָגֵעַ, יָגַע] vb. toil, grow or be weary (NH id.; Assyrian êgû, grow weary DlPr 140; Arabic وَجِعَ have pain, suffer)— Qal Pf. יָֽגְעָה 2 S 23:10; יָגַ֫עְתָּ Jos 24:13 Is 43:22; יָגַ֫עַתְּ 47:12 + 2 times; יָגָ֑עַתְּ Is 47:15; יָגַ֫עְתִּי ψ 6:7 + 3 times; יָגַ֫עְנוּ La 5:5; Impf. יִיגָ֑ע Is 40:28; 2 ms. תִּיגַע Pr 23:4; אִיגָ֑ע Jb 9:29; יִיגְעוּ Hb 2:13; יִֽגְעוּ Je 51:58 Is 65:23; יִיגָ֑עוּ Is 40:31; יִגָ֑עוּ v 30;— 1. toil, labour for (בְּ), Jos 24:13 (D), Is 62:8; sq. acc. (אשׁר) 47:15; sq. בְּ instr. v 12; abs. 49:4 (לְרִיק, ‖ וְהֶבֶל כֹּחִי כִלֵּיתִי), cf. 65:23 Je 51:58 (‖ יעף), Hb 2:13 (‖ id.), La 5:5 (‖ לֹא־הוּנַּח־לָ֑נוּ), Jb 9:29, sq. inf. Pr 23:4. 2. grow or be weary, from toil, exertion, endurance, 2 S 23:10 (om. by accident ‖ 1 Ch 11:13); weary because of, sq. בְּ, ψ 6:7; 69:4 Is 43:22; 57:10 Je 45:3; abs. Is 40:28, 30, 31 (in all ‖ יעף). Pi. Impf. 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. תְּיַגְּעֶנּוּ Ec 10:15 weary, make weary, subj. עֲמַל הכסילים; 2 ms. תְּיַגַּע cause to go toilsomely Jos 7:3, sq. acc. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. sf. הוֹגַעְתַּנִי Is 43:24; הוֹגַעְתִּיךָ v 23; pl. הוֹגַעְתֶּם Mal 2:17; הוֹגָ֑עְנוּ v 17;—make to toil (always c. בְּ instr.), c. acc. pers. make to toil, weary Is 43:23 (‖ העביד), obj. י׳ v 24 (weary, fig.), and so Mal 2:17(×2).

† עָיֵף adj. faint, weary;—ע׳ abs. Gn 25:29 +; f. עֲיֵפָה Je 31:25 +; pl. עֲיֵפִים Ju 8:4 +;—from exertion and hunger Gn 25:29, 30 (J), Ju 8:4, 5; Dt 25:18 (+ יָגֵעַ), cf. Is 5:27, הָנִיחוּ לֶע׳ 28:12 (fig.), 2 S 16:14 (si vera l., n.pr.loc. needed, cf. We Dr HPS); + רָעֵב, צָמֵא 17:29; specif. from thirst Is 29:8 (sim.), Jb 22:7, נֶפֶשׁ ע׳ Pr 25:25 and (fig.) Je 31:25 (‖ דָּֽאֲבָה); hence אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְעָיֵף ψ 63:2 (fig., on masc. v. KöSynt.§ 334 f.), cf. 143:6 (sim.), Is 32:2 (opp. צֵל, in sim.); ע׳ sc. beast 46:1.—Vid. also foregoing.

† [סָבַל] vb. bear a heavy load (NH id.; Ar. סְבַל, ܣܒܰܠ id.; cf. also sub זבל p. 259 b supr.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. סְבָלָם Is 53:4; 1 pl. סָבָ֑לְנוּ La 5:7;—Impf. 3 ms. יִסְבֹּל Is 53:11; 1 s. אֶסְבֹּל 46:4; 3 mpl. sf. יִסְבְּלֻהוּ 46:7; Inf. cstr. לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15;—bear a load, וַיֵּט שִׁכְמוֹ לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15 (poem in J; of Issachar under fig. of ass); of carrying an idol Is 46:7; of י׳ carrying Isr. v 4, 4; servant of י׳ carrying load of pain 53:4 and guilt v 11; Isr. bearing iniquities of fathers La 5:7. Pu. Pt. pl. מְסֻבָּלִים laden, ψ 144:14 (i.e. pregnant Ges Hi Ew Hup-Now Che al.; perhaps better fatted EpsteinZAW 1913, 226–7 𝔊 Aq Symm 𝔙 𝔙). Hithp. Impf. וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ec 12:5 stuffs itself, grows fat 𝔊 𝔙 (v. חָגָב).

ἐκκᾰκέω, to be faint-hearted, lose heart, grow weary, variant for{ἐγκ-}, NT

† II. עֵיפָה n.pr. 1. gent. ‘son’ of Midian Gn 25:4 (J) = 1 Ch 1:33, cf. Is 60:6, 𝔊 Γαφερ, Γεφαρ, Γαιφα(ρ). 2. m. name in Judah 1 Ch 2:47, 𝔊 Γαιφα. 3. f. concubine of Caleb 1 Ch 2:46, 𝔊 Γαιφαηλ, A Γαιφα ἡ, 𝔊 L Γαιφα.

† יָגֵעַ adj. weary, wearisome;—יָגֵעַ Dt 25:18 weary (‖ עָיֵף); 2 S 17:2 (‖ רְפֵה יָדַיִם); כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים יְגֵעִים Ec 1:8 all things are wearisome (‘full of labour’).

† יָעֵף adj. weary, faint;—always as subst., except Ju 8:15 אנשׁיך הַיְּעֵפִים (of physical fatigue from lack of bread); הַיָּעֵף 2 S 16:2 (from lack of drink); of mind and spirit Is 40:29 (‖ אֵין אוֹנִים), 50:4.

κάμνω, future κᾰμοῦμαι, καμῇ, Refs 5th c.BC+; καμεῖται Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive -έεσθαιRefs 3rd c.BC+aorist 2 ἔκᾰμον, Epic dialect κάμον Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive καμεῖν, Epic dialect subjunctive reduplicate κεκάμω, κεκάμῃσι, κεκάμωσιν, Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect κέκμηκα Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐκεκμήκεσαν Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle κεκμηώς, κεκμηῶτι, κεκμηῶτα, Refs 8th c.BC+; κεκμηῶτας is variant for{κεκμηκότας} in Refs 5th c.BC+:— middle, aorist 2 ἐκᾰμόμην Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect καμ- Refs 8th c.BC+ __I transitive, work, μίτρη, τὴν Χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες wrought it, Refs; ἐπεὶ πάνθ᾽ ὅπλα κάμε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄστυ build, Refs 3rd c.BC+: also in aorist middle, ἱρόν Refs __I.2 aorist middle, win by toil, τὰς (i.e. γυναῖκας) αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.3 aorist middle, labour, till, οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον.. ἐκάμοντο Refs 8th c.BC+ __II intransitive, toil, labour, τινι for one, Refs 8th c.BC+: then, from the effect of continued work, to be weary, ἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμηῶτι μένος μέγα οἶνος ἀέξει Refs 8th c.BC+ nor is he weary in limb, Refs, etc.; περὶ δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ Χεῖρα καμεῖται Refsparticiple, κ. πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνοντες, ἐρεθίζων, is weary of fighting, rowing, etc., Refs, etc.; οὐ μέν θην κάμετον.. ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας Refs 8th c.BC+; but οὐδέ τι τόξον δὴν ἔκαμον τανύων I did not long strain over stringing the bow, i.e. did it without effort,Refs 8th c.BC+ I shall never be tired of saying, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. εὐεργετῶν, ἐπαινῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+ to grow tired in spending, spare expense, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 to be hard-pressed, worsted, in battle or contest, Refs; τὸ κάμνον στρατοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 to be sick or suffering, τί πάσχει; τί κάμνει; Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ κάμνοντες the sick, NT+5th c.BC+; of a doctor's patients, Refs 5th c.BC+; καμοῦσα ἀπέθανε having fallen sick, Refs 5th c.BC+; [τὴν ποδάγραν] variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ σώματα to be ill or distempered in body, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 generally, to be distressed, meet with disaster, στρατοῦ καμόντος Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ καμῇ τοὐμὸν μέρος wilt not have to complain.., Refs 5th c.BC+; of a ship, νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ πρὸς κύματι Refs 4th c.BC+ not having borne an equal share of grief, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 in aorist participle, of the dead, i. e. either outworn, or those whose work is done, or those who have met with disaster, οἳ ὑπένερθε καμόντας ἀνθρώπους τίνυσθον Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴδωλα κRefs 8th c.BC+: also in perfect participle in Trag. and Prose, κεκμηκότες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱερὰ τῶν κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; also in the finite Verb, ὅπη ἄνθρωπος ἔκαμε Refs.--The perfect is always intransitive (Cf. Sanskrit śamnīte 'work hard', 'serve zealously', śamitár- 'sacrificing priest', Gr. εἰρο-κόμος, κομέω, κομίζω.)

† [פָּגַר] vb. Pi. be exhausted, faint (𝔗 פְּגַר der. spec. tear down, destroy; Assyrian pagru, body, corpse; NH פֶּגֶר = BH; Aramaic פַּגְרָא, ܦܰܓܪܳܐ; Palm. פגר; Mand. פאגרא NöM § 89);—Pf. 3 pl. פִּגְּרוּ מִן they were too faint to go, etc. 1 S 30:10, 21.

† II. [עִיף] vb. be faint (cf. Syriac ܥܳܦ 3, PS2835; ‖ form of יעף q.v.; occurrences dub.);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽיְפָה נַפְשִׁי לְ Je 4:31 (? read עֲיֵפָה); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫עַף Ju 4:21 (וְיָעֵף GFM Bu), 1 S 14:28 (del. We Bu Kit Löhr, emend. HPS), v 31 (read וַיִּעַף [√ יעף] Buhl HPS), 2 S 21:15 (corrupt, HPS; for Philist. name We Dr Bu Kit).