H2898 H2898
Good things, goods, goodness; ranging from material bounty and property to abstract moral goodness and beauty
A masculine noun covering the full spectrum of what is 'good' — from the tangible produce of a rich land to the abstract goodness of God's character. When Moses asks to see God's glory, YHWH promises to pass all his tuv before him (Exod 33:19), using the same word that describes camels loaded with the good things of a master's household (Gen 24:10). Spanish captures this range beautifully, shifting from 'bondad' (goodness) for the divine attribute to 'bien' (goods, bounty) for material blessings. The word appears most often in passages celebrating divine provision, making it a keyword for the theology of blessing.
Senses
1. goodness, kindness — Abstract moral quality of goodness, benevolence, or kindness, especially as a divine attribute. God's tuv passes before Moses on Sinai (Exod 33:19), and the psalmist prays to be remembered according to YHWH's goodness (Ps 25:7; 31:19). Nehemiah recalls how Israel was ungrateful despite God's great goodness (Neh 9:25, 35). Spanish 'bondad' and French 'bien' in the moral sense reflect this abstract quality. This is the most common sense, appearing in nearly half of all occurrences. 16×
AR["بِ-خَيْرِ", "بِ-خَيْرِكَ", "بِجُودِ-", "جودَتي", "جَوْدَةَ", "جُودَتِهِ", "خَيرِهِ", "خَيْرٍ", "خَيْرِ", "خَيْرِي", "صَلاَحَكَ", "صَلاَحِكَ", "صَلَاحِكَ", "مِنْ-خَيْرِ", "وَ-فِي-خَيْرِكَ", "وَبِ-طِيبِ"]·ben["আপনার-ভালোর", "আমার-মঙ্গল", "আর-তোমার-উত্তমে", "এবং-ভালোত্বে", "তাঁর-মঙ্গলের", "তার-ভালো", "তোমার-উত্তমে", "তোমার-মঙ্গল", "তোমার-মঙ্গলের", "ভালো", "ভালো-", "ভালো-আমার", "ভালোতা-থেকে", "মঙ্গল", "মঙ্গলের"]·DE["[בטובך]", "[ובטובך]", "[טוב]", "[טובו]", "[טובי]", "[מטוב]", "dein-Güte", "der-Güte-von-", "gut", "ist-dein-Güte", "mein-goodness", "mit-der-Güte-von", "und-mit-goodness-von"]·EN["His-goodness", "and-in-your-goodness", "and-with-goodness-of", "from-gladness-of", "good", "goodness-of", "his-goodness", "in-your-goodness", "is-Your-goodness", "my-goodness", "the-goodness-of-", "with-the-goodness-of", "your-goodness"]·FR["[בטובך]", "[ובטובך]", "bien", "bon", "bonheur", "dans-bien", "de-bon", "et-avec-bonté-de", "mon-bonté", "sa-bonté"]·heb["ב-טוב", "ב-טוב-", "ב-טובך-ך", "ו-ב-טוב", "ו-ב-טובך-ך", "טוב", "טוב-ך", "טובו", "טובי", "טובך", "מ-טוב"]·HI["-भलाई-से", "अपनी-भलाई", "और-अच्छाई", "और-तेरी-भलाई-में", "तेरी-भलाई-का", "तेरी-भलाई-में", "भलाई", "भलाई-उसकी", "भलाई-तेरी", "भलाई-तेरी-के", "भलाई-से", "में-भलाई-", "मेरी-भलाई"]·ID["baik-Nya", "dalam-kebaikan-Mu", "dan-dalam-kebaikan-Mu", "dan-dengan-kebaikan", "dari-kebaikan", "dengan-kebaikan", "kebaikan", "kebaikan-Ku", "kebaikan-Mu", "kebaikan-Nya"]·IT["[בטובך]", "[ובטובך]", "[טובו]", "bene", "bonta", "e-con-goodness-di", "mio-goodness"]·jav["Saé", "ing-kasaenan-Paduka", "ing-kasaeènan-", "kasaenan-Kawula", "kasaenan-Panjenengan", "kasaenaning", "kasaeènan-Panjenengan", "kasaènanipun", "kasaénan", "kasaénan-Kawula", "kasaénan-Panjenengan", "kasaénanipun", "lan-ing-kasaenan-Paduka", "lan-mawi-kabingahaning", "saking-sae", "sarana-kasaénan"]·KO["그리고-선함으로", "그리고-주의-선함-안에서", "그의-선함이요", "나의-선하을", "나의-선함을", "선하심-그의", "선하심-으로", "선한", "선함", "선함-으로", "선함-을-", "선함을", "에서-좋은", "주-의-선하심", "주의-선하심-안에서", "주의-선하심의"]·PT["Bom", "a-bondade-do", "bondade", "bondade-de", "bondade-dele", "bondade-minha", "bondade-sua", "da-bondade", "de-bondade-de", "e-com-bondade-de", "e-na-bondade-Tua", "em-bondade-Tua", "tua-bondade", "é-tua-bondade"]·RU["Доброму", "блага", "благами-Моими", "благо-его", "благом", "благости-Твоей", "благость-", "благость-Мою", "благость-Твоя", "благостью-Твоей", "благу", "благу-Его", "и-в-благе", "и-в-благости-Твоей", "от-добра-"]·ES["Buen", "bondad", "bondad-de", "con-bien-de", "en-bondad-de-ti", "la-bondad-de", "mi-bondad", "por-la-alegría-del", "su-bondad", "tu-bondad", "y-con-bondad-de", "y-en-bondad-de-ti"]·SW["kwa-sababu-ya-furaha", "kwa-wema-wako", "mwingi", "na-katika-wema-wako", "na-kwa-uzuri", "uzuri", "wangu", "wema", "wema-wa", "wema-wake", "wema-wako", "wema-wangu"]·TR["iyi", "iyiliginden", "iyilikler", "iyiliği-", "iyiliğimi", "iyiliğimle-benim", "iyiliğin", "iyiliğine", "iyiliğini-", "iyiliğinin", "iyiliğinle", "iyiliğiyle-", "ve-iyiliğinde", "ve-iyiliğiyle"]·urd["-بھلائی", "اور-بھلائی-سے", "اور-تیری-بھلائی-میں", "اُس-کی-بھلائی", "اپنی-بھلائی", "اپنی-بھلائی-کی", "اچھائی-سے", "اچھی", "بِ-بھلائی", "بھلائی", "بھلائی-اُس-کی", "بھلائی-میری", "بھلائی-کی", "تیری-بھلائی", "تیری-بھلائی-سے", "تیری-بھلائی-کی"]
2. good things, bounty — Concrete material goods, produce, or bounty — the best things a land or household can offer. Abraham's servant loads camels with all the good things of his master (Gen 24:10), Pharaoh sends the 'good of Egypt' to Jacob's family (Gen 45:18, 20, 23), and the promised land is filled with houses full of every good thing (Deut 6:11). The multilingual evidence shows Spanish 'bien de' and French 'bon chose de' consistently marking this tangible, countable sense. 10×
AR["خَيرَ", "خَيْر", "خَيْرٍ", "خَيْرَ", "خَيْرَهَا", "خَيْرِ", "مِنْ-خَيْرِ"]·ben["উত্তম", "উত্তম-জিনিস", "তার-উত্তম", "থেকে-উত্তমের", "ভালো"]·DE["Gut", "Gutes", "[טוב]", "das-Beste", "gut", "gut-Ding-von", "gut-Sachen", "vom-Besten"]·EN["from-good-of", "good-of", "good-thing", "good-thing-of", "good-things", "its-good-things", "the-good-of", "the-goods-of"]·FR["[טובה]", "bon", "bon-chose-de", "bon-choses", "bon-de", "de-bon-de", "le-goods-de"]·heb["טוב", "טובה-ה", "מ-טוב"]·HI["अच्छाई", "अच्छाई-से", "अच्छी-वस्तुएं", "अच्छी-वस्तुओं-से", "उसकी-अच्छाई", "तूव"]·ID["-kebaikan", "dari-yang-terbaik", "kebaikan", "kebaikannya", "yang-baik", "yang-terbaik"]·IT["[טובה]", "bonta", "buono", "buono-cosa-di", "buono-cose", "buono-di", "da-buono-di", "il-goods-di"]·jav["kabecikan", "kasaenan", "kasaenanipun", "saking-saéning", "saé", "saéning"]·KO["그것의-좋음을", "좋은-것", "좋은-것에서", "좋은-것을", "좋은-것이", "좋은-것이다", "좋음"]·PT["bem", "bem-da", "bem-de", "bondade-dela", "de-melhor-de", "melhor-de", "o-bom-de"]·RU["-добра", "благо", "благо-её", "добра", "добро", "лучшее", "от-лучшего"]·ES["bien", "bien-de", "bien-de-ella", "de-lo-bueno-de", "lo-bueno-de"]·SW["jamii", "kitu-kizuri", "kumi", "mafuta", "mazuri", "mema", "mema-ya", "mema-yake", "vizuri"]·TR["en-iyisinden", "iyiligini", "iyilik", "iyilikle", "iyilikleri", "iyiliğini", "iyisi", "iyisini"]·urd["اُس-کی-بھلائی", "اچھائی", "اچھائی-سے", "بھلائی", "بھلائی-سے", "بہترین", "بہترین-سے", "دولت"]
3. prosperity, well-being — The state of prosperity, welfare, or well-being in life, often set in contrast to adversity. Job's speeches debate whether the wicked truly enjoy lasting tuv (Job 20:21; 21:16), and Psalm 128:5 promises the faithful will see the prosperity of Jerusalem. This sense sits between the abstract and concrete, describing a condition of life rather than specific goods or moral quality. German and French translations often leave this untranslated or use circumlocutions, reflecting its abstract-yet-experiential character. 4×
AR["بِخَيْرِ", "خَيْرُهُ", "خَيْرُهُمْ", "فِي-خَيرِ"]·ben["তাদের-ভালো", "তার-ভালো", "ভালোতে", "মঙ্গল"]·DE["[טובו]", "[טובם]", "in-goodness-of", "in-gut"]·EN["his-prosperity", "in-goodness-of", "their-good", "when-it-goes-well-with"]·FR["dans-bien", "dans-בטוב", "leur-טובם-eux", "son-טובו-lui"]·heb["ב-טוב", "טובו", "טובם"]·HI["उनकी-भलाई", "उसकी-भलाई", "भलाई-में"]·ID["Ketika-kebaikan", "kebaikan", "kebaikan-mereka", "kebaikannya"]·IT["bene", "in-quando-esso-goes-well-con", "loro-buono-loro", "suo-prosperity-suo"]·jav["ing-karaharjan-saking", "ing-kasaénan", "kasaenanipun", "kasaénan-ipun"]·KO["그들의-좋은-것이", "그의-좋은-것이", "나아지면", "번영-을"]·PT["No-bem-de", "o-bem-de", "seu-bem"]·RU["благо-его", "благо-их", "благоденствие", "при-благе"]·ES["en-bien-de", "su-bienestar;", "su-prosperidad."]·SW["katika-kustawi-kwa", "mema-yake", "mema-yao", "uzuri-wa"]·TR["iyilikleri", "iyiliği", "iyiliğinde"]·urd["بھلائی", "بھلائی-اُن-کی", "بھلائی-میں", "خوشحالی-اُس-کی"]
4. beauty, fairness — Aesthetic quality of beauty, fairness, or visual attractiveness. Hosea applies it to the 'beauty of the neck' of a trained heifer (Hos 10:11), and Jeremiah laments the loss of the land's splendor (Jer 2:7). This relatively rare sense extends the 'good' concept from moral and material domains into the realm of sensory delight. Spanish shifts to 'hermosura' (beauty) here, clearly distinguishing it from the moral and material senses. 2×
AR["جَمالِ", "وَ-خَيْرَهَا"]·ben["এবং-তার-মঙ্গল", "ভালো-"]·DE["[וטובה]", "gut"]·EN["and-its-goodness", "goodness-of"]·FR["bon", "et-bonheur"]·heb["ו-טובה", "טוב"]·HI["अच्छी", "और-अच्छाई-उसकी"]·ID["dan-kebaikannya"]·IT["buono", "e-bonta"]·jav["gulu", "lan-kasaènanipun"]·KO["그리고-그것의-좋음-을", "좋은"]·PT["bom", "e-seu-bem"]·RU["добротой", "и-блага-её"]·ES["la-hermosura-de", "y-su-bondad"]·SW["mzuri", "na-uzuri-wake"]·TR["güzel", "ve-iyiliğini-onun"]·urd["اور-بھلائی-اُس-کی", "خوبصورت"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† טוּב n.m. Jb 20:21 good things, goods, goodness;—ט׳ Gn 24:10 + 17 times; sf. טוּבִי Ex 33:19; Je 31:14; טוּבְךָ ψ 25:7 + 4 times; טוּבוֹ Ho 3:5 + 2times; טוּבָהּ Ne 9:36 Je 2:7; טוּבָם Jb 21:16;—not in H P Chr Ez or postex. proph.— 1. good things, coll., produce of the land to be eaten Gn 45:18, 20, 23 (E), Is 1:19; Je 2:7; Ezr 9:12; Ne 9:35, 36, to be enjoyed; good things of י׳ as given by him…