H2860 H2860
Bridegroom or son-in-law; a man in relation to his bride at a wedding, or a daughter's husband in family kinship.
Chatan straddles two family roles that English distinguishes sharply but Hebrew holds under one roof. As bridegroom, the word evokes celebration: the psalmist compares the sun to a chatan emerging from his chamber (Ps 19:5), and Isaiah's imagery of Zion's restoration pictures God rejoicing over her as a chatan over his bride (Isa 62:5). The mysterious 'chatan damim' ('bridegroom of blood') spoken by Zipporah in Exodus 4:25-26 remains one of the most debated phrases in the Torah. As son-in-law, the word anchors family obligation: Lot's sons-in-law dismiss his warning (Gen 19:14), and Samson's father-in-law gives away his wife (Judg 15:6). Spanish and German track the two senses with 'novio/Brautigam' for bridegroom and 'yerno/Sohn-in-Gesetz' for son-in-law.
Senses
1. bridegroom — A bridegroom, the man being married, especially in the context of wedding celebrations and nuptial imagery. The sun comes out like a chatan from his chamber (Ps 19:5); the redeemed put on salvation as a chatan dons a priestly garland (Isa 61:10). The enigmatic 'bridegroom of blood' (chatan damim) in Exodus 4:25-26 connects the term to circumcision rites. Spanish 'novio' and German 'Brautigam' consistently render this festive, nuptial sense. 10×
AR["العَريسُ", "الْعَرِيسِ", "عَرِيسٍ", "عَرِيسُ", "كَ-الْعَرِيسِ", "كَعَرِيسٍ"]·ben["বর", "বর-", "বরের", "বরের-মতো"]·DE["Braeutigam", "bridegroom-von", "wie-Braeutigam", "wie-ein-bridegroom"]·EN["a-bridegroom", "bridegroom", "bridegroom-of", "like-a-bridegroom", "like-bridegroom", "the-bridegroom"]·FR["bridegroom-de", "comme-beau-fils", "gendre"]·heb["חָתָן", "חתן", "חתן-", "כ-חתן"]·HI["जैसे-दूल्हा", "दुल्हा", "दूलहा", "दूल्हा", "दूल्हा-का", "दूल्हे-की", "वस्त्र"]·ID["Mempelai", "mempelai", "mempelai-laki-laki", "pengantin-laki-laki", "pengantin-pria", "seperti-pengantin-laki-laki", "seperti-pengantin-pria"]·IT["[חתן]", "[כחתן]", "bridegroom-di", "genero"]·jav["Kados-panganten-kakung", "kados-pangantèn", "manten", "manten-", "panganten-kakung", "pangantèn-kakung", "penganten-kakung"]·KO["신랑-이", "신랑-처럼", "신랑의", "신랑이", "피-"]·PT["como-noivo", "esposo-", "esposo-de", "noivo"]·RU["жених", "жених-", "жениха", "как-жених"]·ES["como-novio", "esposo-de", "novio"]·SW["bwana-arusi", "bwana-arusi-", "kama-bwana-arusi", "kwa-bwana-arusi", "ya-bwana-arusi"]·TR["damadin", "damadın", "damat", "damat-", "damat-gibi", "damat-gibi-", "damatın", "güvey", "güveyin"]·urd["-دولہے-کی-مانند", "دولھا", "دولھے-کی", "دولہا", "دولہا-کی", "دولہے-کی", "دولہے-کی-طرح-جو"]
2. son-in-law — A daughter's husband, a son-in-law, designating the man in relation to his wife's father. Lot's chatanav are those who had married his daughters (Gen 19:14); the Philistines identify Samson as the chatan of the Timnite (Judg 15:6); and a Levite's father-in-law hosts his chatan with generous hospitality (Judg 19:5). Spanish 'yerno' and French 'gendre/beau-fils' clearly distinguish this kinship sense from the wedding sense. 10×
AR["أَصْهَارِهِ", "صِهْرًا", "صِهْرٌ", "صِهْرُ", "صِهْرِهِ", "وَ-صِهْرُ"]·ben["এবং-জামাই", "জামাই", "জামাতা", "জামাতাদের-তাঁর", "তাঁর-জামাইয়ের"]·DE["Braeutigam", "Sohn-in-Gesetz", "Sohn-in-Gesetz-von", "einen-Schwiegersohn", "sein-Sohn-in-Gesetz", "seinen-Schwiegersöhnen", "seiner-Schwiegersöhne", "und-Sohn-in-Gesetz-von"]·EN["a-son-in-law", "and-son-in-law-of", "his-son-in-law", "his-sons-in-law", "son-in-law", "son-in-law-of"]·FR["[חתן]", "et-fils-dans-loi-de", "fils-dans-loi", "fils-dans-loi-de", "son-fils-dans-loi"]·heb["ו-חתן", "חתן", "חתנו", "חתניו ׀-ו", "חתניו-ו"]·HI["अपने-दमअद", "अपने-दमअद-कि", "अपने-दामाद", "और-दमअद", "खतन", "दमअद", "दामाद", "दामाद-था"]·ID["dan-menantu", "menantu", "menantu-menantunya", "menantunya"]·IT["[חתן]", "e-figlio-in-legge-di", "figlio-in-legge", "figlio-in-legge-di", "suo-figli-in-legge", "suo-figlio-in-legge"]·jav["lan-mantu", "mantu", "mantu-jaler-nipun", "mantu-mantunipun"]·KO["그리고-사위인", "그의-사위", "그의-사위들", "그의-사위들의", "사위가", "사위들과"]·PT["e-genro-de", "genro", "genro-de", "seu-genro", "seus-genros"]·RU["зятем", "зять", "зятьев-его", "зятьям-его", "зятю-своему", "и-зять"]·ES["su-yerno", "sus-yernos", "y-yerno-de", "yerno", "yerno-de"]·SW["mkwe", "mkwe-wa", "mkwe-wake", "mkwe-zako", "na-mkwe"]·TR["damadı", "damadına", "damat", "damatlarına", "damatlarının", "damatı", "ve-damadı"]·urd["اور-داماد", "اُس-کے-دامادوں-کی", "اپنے-داماد", "اپنے-دامادوں", "داماد"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H5971a 1. people, nation (1836×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H5973a 1. accompaniment, together with (956×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)H0854 1. with (accompaniment) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† חָתָן n.m. daughter’s husband, bridegroom (as one who undergoes circumcision, v. supr.; NH id.; Aramaic חַתְנָא, and ܚܰܬܢܳܐ (also sister’s husband, etc.); vulg.Ar. خَتَنٌ daughter’s husband, then more gen. wife’s and husband’s relations; Sab. (Liḥyân) חֿתן daughter’s husband DHMEpigr. Denkm. 87; Assyrian ḫatanu, daughter’s husband COTGloss.)—abs. ח׳ 1 S 18:18 + 10 times + Gn 19:12 (where read…