H2748 H2748
Magician, diviner-priest — a learned practitioner of ritual magic in Egyptian and Babylonian courts
The noun חַרְטֹם (chartom) designates a class of learned magician-priests attached to the royal courts of Egypt and Babylon. In Egypt, Pharaoh summons his chartummim to interpret his dreams (Gen 41:8, 24) and to replicate Moses' signs (Exod 7:11, 22; 8:3 [Eng. 8:7]). They manage to match the first two plagues but fail at the gnats, conceding 'this is the finger of God' (Exod 8:14-15 [Eng. 8:18-19]), and are themselves afflicted with boils (Exod 9:11). In Daniel, the same term reappears for the Babylonian court magicians whom Daniel outperforms tenfold (Dan 1:20; 2:2). The word likely derives from Egyptian hry-tp ('chief lector-priest'). Spanish 'magos' and English 'magicians' are standard renderings.
Senses
1. magician, diviner-priest — An Egyptian court magician or lector-priest skilled in sacred texts and ritual magic. Pharaoh's chartummim attempt to interpret dreams (Gen 41:8, 24) and duplicate the signs of Moses and Aaron through their secret arts (Exod 7:11, 22; 8:3, 14-15). Their progressive failure — replicating blood and frogs but not gnats — dramatizes the superiority of God's power. They are struck with boils along with all Egypt (Exod 9:11). Spanish 'magos,' French 'magiciens.' 11×
AR["السَّحَرَةُ", "الـ-سَحَرَةَ", "الـ-سَحَرَةِ", "الْ-سَّحَرَةِ", "سَحَرَةُ", "سَحَرَةِ", "عَلَى-السَّحَرَةِ"]·ben["-মন্ত্রবিদদের", "মন্ত্রবিদগণ-", "মন্ত্রবিদদের", "মন্ত্রবিদদের-মধ্যে", "মন্ত্রবিদরা", "মন্ত্রবিদেরা"]·DE["Wahrsager", "Zauberer-von", "[החרטמים]", "[לחרטמים]", "auf-der-Zauberer", "den-Wahrsagern", "der-Zauberer"]·EN["for-the-magicians", "magicians-of", "on-the-magicians", "the-magicians"]·FR["le-magiciens", "magicien", "magiciens-de", "sur-le-magiciens"]·heb["ב-חרטומים", "ה-חרטומים", "ה-חרטמים", "חרטומי", "חרטמי", "ל-חרטומים"]·HI["को-ज्योतिषियों", "जादूगर", "जादूगरों", "जादूगरों-ने", "जादूगरों-पर", "ज्योतिषियों"]·ID["ahli-ahli-nujum", "ahli-jampi", "ahli-sihir", "pada-ahli-ahli-nujum", "para-ahli-sihir"]·IT["[החרטמים]", "[לחרטמים]", "il-maghi", "maghi-di", "su-il-maghi"]·jav["dukun-Mesir", "dukun-dukun", "kang-para-ahli-sihir", "para-dukun", "wonten-ing-dukun-dukun"]·KO["그-마술사들에게", "그-박수들", "그-술사들과", "그-술사들이", "그-요술사들이", "마술사들을", "술사들에게", "요술사들이"]·PT["aos-magos", "magos-de", "nos-magos", "os-magos"]·RU["-чародеев", "-чародеями", "волхвам", "волхвов", "волхвы", "на-волхвах"]·ES["a-los-magos", "en-los-magos", "los-magos", "magos-de"]·SW["kwa-waganga", "wachawi", "wachawi-wa", "waganga"]·TR["-büyücülere", "büyücülerden", "büyücüleri", "büyücülerini", "sihirbazlar", "sihirbazlarda", "sihirbazları"]·urd["ال-جادوگروں", "ال-جادوگروں-کو", "جادوگر", "جادوگروں", "جادوگروں-نے", "جادوگروں-پر"]
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)H2930a 1. Qal: be/become unclean (75×)H7819a 1. slaughter an animal (Qal active) (72×)H1486 1. lot (object cast for decisions) (71×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [חַרְטֹם] n.m. Ex 7:22 engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (prob. = ם + חֶרֶט, v. Di Ol§ 216, 5 Sta§§ 295, 327 a)—only pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּים Gn 41:24 + 4 times; חַרְטֻמִּם Ex 8:15; 9:11; cstr. חַרְטֻמֵּי Gn 41:8 + 2 times;— 1. magicians of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E; ‖ חֲכָמִים), v 24 (E), Ex 8:3, 14, 15; 7:11 (‖ חֲכָמִים,…