H2729 H2729
To tremble, quake with fear or awe; in the Hiphil, to terrify or cause trembling
A verb whose physical root -- shaking, quaking -- branches into rich emotional territory. Isaac 'trembled exceedingly' when he realized he had blessed Jacob (Gen 27:33), and the brothers were 'dismayed' at finding the silver in their sacks (Gen 42:28). Mount Sinai itself trembled at God's descent (Exod 19:18). The Hiphil turns the experience outward: no one shall 'make them afraid' in the promised security of the land (Lev 26:6; Mic 4:4). The hapax in 2 Kings 4:13 is remarkable -- Elisha asks the Shunammite 'you have shown all this anxious concern for us,' using the trembling root to describe solicitous care rather than terror. Spanish distinguishes 'temblar' (tremble) from 'aterrorizar' (terrify), while German frequently brackets the Hebrew root untranslated, acknowledging its visceral force.
3. be anxious, show concern — An unusual Qal extension: anxious concern or solicitous care for another's welfare. In 2 Kings 4:13, Elisha says to the Shunammite woman, 'You have trembled for us with all this trembling' -- but the context makes clear this is devoted, attentive concern, not terror. Spanish 'te has preocupado' (you have worried yourself) captures the semantic shift from physical trembling to emotional solicitude. This single occurrence reveals a tender dimension in an otherwise fearsome root. 1×
AR["اهْتَمَمْتِ"]·ben["চিন্তিত-হয়েছ"]·DE["du-habe-trembled"]·EN["you-have-trembled"]·FR["tu-ai-trembla"]·heb["חרדת"]·HI["काँपी-है"]·ID["Engkau-telah-bersusah-payah"]·IT["tu-avere-tremò"]·jav["panjenengan-sampun-réwangi"]·KO["애썼다-당신-이"]·PT["tremeste"]·RU["заботилась-ты"]·ES["te-has-preocupado"]·SW["umetujali"]·TR["ozen-gosterdin"]·urd["تُو-نے-فکر-کی"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. tremble, quake with fear — Qal trembling: to quake, shake, or tremble from fear, awe, or shock. Isaac trembled violently upon discovering the deception (Gen 27:33), the Israelites trembled at the thunder on Sinai (Exod 19:16), and Eli's heart 'trembled' for the ark (1 Sam 4:13). The verb conveys involuntary, full-body response to an overwhelming stimulus. Spanish 'temblar' and French 'trembler' preserve the physical concreteness. Hosea 11:10-11 pictures the exiles 'trembling' as they return -- here the quaking carries hope rather than dread. 22×
AR["ارْتَعَدُوا","ارْتَعِدْنَ","اِرْتَعَدَتْ","تَرْتَعِدُ","وَ-ارتَعَدَ","وَ-ارْتَعَبَ","وَ-ارْتَعَدَ","وَ-ارْتَعَدُوا","وَارتَعَدَ","وَتَرْتَعِدُ","وَيَرتَعِشُ","وَيَرْتَعِدُونَ","يَرتَعِشونَ","يَرْتَعِدُ"]·ben["আর-কাঁপবে","আর-কাঁপলেন","আর-তারা-কাঁপবে","আর-ভয়ে-কাঁপল","এবং-কম্পিত-হলেন","এবং-কাঁপত","এবং-কাঁপবে","এবং-কাঁপল","এবং-কেঁপে-উঠলেন","ও-ভয়ে-কাঁপবে","কম্পিত-হও","কম্পিত-হবে","কাঁপছিল","কাঁপবে","কাঁপল","কাঁপে"]·DE["[וחרדו]","[ויחרד]","[ויחרדו]","[יחרד]","[יחרדו]","trembled","und-er-trembled","und-erschrak","und-trembled","und-zittern","und-zitterte","und-zitterten","zittern"]·EN["Tremble","and-he-trembled","and-it-will-tremble","and-shall-tremble","and-they-shall-tremble","and-they-trembled","and-they-will-tremble","and-trembled","shall-tremble","they-shall-tremble","tremble","trembled","trembles"]·FR["et-il-trembla","et-ils-trembla","et-trembla","et-trembler","trembla","trembler","יחרד"]·heb["ו-חרד","ו-חרדו","ו-יחרד","ו-יחרדו","חרדו","יחרד","יחרדו","יחרדוּ"]·HI["और-कअनप","और-कअनपे","और-काँपा","और-काँपे","और-काँपेगा","और-कांपा","और-कांपे","और-कांपेंगे","और-वे-थरथराएँगे","काँपते-थे","काँपे","कांपता-है","कांपे","थरथराए?","थरथराओ","वे-कांपेंगे"]·ID["Gemetarlah","dan-gemetar","dan-gemetar-mereka","dan-mereka-akan-gemetar","dan-mereka-gemetar","gemetar","mereka-gemetar"]·IT["e-egli-tremò","e-essi-tremò","e-temere","e-tremare","e-tremò","temere","tremare","trembles","tremò"]·jav["Geter","Lan-gumeter","badhe-geter","geter","gumeter","lan-geter","lan-girap","lan-gumeter","lan-piyambakipun-badhe-ndrodhog","lan-piyambakipun-geter","lan-sami-geter","lan-sami-gumeter","punapa-wonten","sami-geter"]·KO["그리고-떨-것이다","그리고-떨고","그리고-떨리라","그리고-떨었다","그리고-크게-떨었다","그리하여-그들이-떨리라","떨-것이다","떨라","떨리는가","떨리라","떨린다","떨었느니라","떨었다"]·PT["E-estremeceu","Tremei","Tremerão","e-estremeceu","e-tremeram","e-tremerá","e-tremerão","e-tremeu","estremeceram","treme","tremeram","tremerá","tremerão","tremeu"]·RU["Трепещите","вострепетали","дрожал","задрожали","задрожат","затрепещут","и-вздрогнул","и-вострепетал","и-вострепетали","и-задрожал","и-задрожали","и-задрожат","и-задрожит","и-затрепетал","и-затрепетало","и-затрепещут","и-сотрясалась","содрогнётся","трепещет"]·ES["Y-tembló","temblaban","temblad","temblaron","temblará","temblarán","tiembla","tiemblan","y-temblaron","y-temblará","y-temblarán","y-tembló"]·SW["Na-akatetemeka","Tetemekeni","inatetemeka","kutetemeka","mtu","na-akatetemeka","na-itatetemeka","na-mtu-huyo-akatetemeka","na-ukatetemeka","na-wakatetemeka","na-watatetemeka","wakitetemeka","walitetemeka","watatetemeka"]·TR["Titreyin","Ve-titredi","titredi","titrer","titrer-mi","titreyecekler","titreyen","ve-titredi","ve-titrediler","ve-titreyecek","ve-titreyecekler"]·urd["اور-کانپ-اُٹھا","اور-کانپ-اُٹھے","اور-کانپا","اور-کانپنے-لگے","اور-کانپیں-گے","اور-کانپے","اور-کانپے-گا","کانپ-اُٹھے","کانپ-رہے-تھے","کانپتا ہے","کانپو","کانپیں-گے","کانپے","کانپے-گی"]
Gen 27:33, Gen 42:28, Exod 19:16, Exod 19:18, Ruth 3:8, 1 Sam 13:7, 1 Sam 14:15, 1 Sam 16:4, 1 Sam 21:2, 1 Sam 28:5, 1 Kgs 1:49, Job 37:1 (+10 more)
2. terrify, cause to tremble — Hiphil causative: to terrify, cause to tremble, or put to fright, including the participial 'one who makes afraid.' Leviticus 26:6 promises 'none shall make you afraid,' and the formula recurs in Deuteronomy 28:26, Job 11:19, and Micah 4:4 as a marker of shalom -- security defined by the absence of a terrifier. In Judges 8:12, Gideon 'terrified all the camp,' and Ezekiel 30:9 envisions messengers sent 'to make careless Ethiopia tremble.' Spanish 'aterrorizar/amedrentar' and the active-causative framing distinguish this clearly from the involuntary quaking of sense 1. 16×
AR["أَرْعَبَ","لِيُرْعِبُوا","مَنْ-يُرْعِبُ","مَنْ-يُفَزِّعُ","مُخِيفٌ","مُخِيفَ","مُرَوِّعٌ","مُرْعِبٌ","مُزْعِجٌ","وَ-أُرْعِبُهُ"]·ben["এবং-আমি-কাঁপিয়ে-দেব","তাড়ানোর-জন্য","ভয়-করানো","ভয়-দেওয়ার","ভয়-দেখাতে","ভয়-দেখানোর-জন্য","ভয়-দেখানোর।","ভয়-দেতে","ভয়-প্রদানকারী;","ভয়কারী","ভয়কারী।","যে-তাড়িয়ে-দেয়","যে-ভয়-দেখায়","সে-ত্রস্ত-করল"]·DE["[להחריד]","[מחריד]","eins-causing-trembling","er-erschreckt","frightening-weg","und-ich-wird-terrify","zittern"]·EN["and-I-will-terrify","disturbing","frightening-away","he-terrified","making-afraid","one-causing-trembling","one-making-afraid","one-terrifying","to-make-tremble","to-terrify"]·FR["et-je-fera-terrify","frightening-away","il-terrified","trembler","un-causing-trembling","מחריד"]·heb["החריד","ו-החרדתי","ל-החריד","מחריד"]·HI["और-डराऊँगा","और-नहीं","डराने-के-लिए","डराने-को","डराने-वाला","डराने-वाला।","डरानेवाला","डराया","भगानेवाला।"]·ID["dan-aku-akan-mengejutkan","dia-kacaukan","untuk-menakutkan","untuk-menggetarkan","yang-menakut-nakuti","yang-menakuti","yang-menakuti?","yang-menakutkan","yang-menakutkan.","yang-mengejutkan","yang-mengusir"]·IT["disturbing","e-io-vorrà-terrify","egli-terrified","frightening-via","temere","tremare","uno-causing-trembling"]·jav["damel-ajrih","ingkang-medeni","ingkang-medhotèni;","ingkang-ndadosaken-ajrih","ingkang-ndamel-ajrih","ingkang-nggegirisi","ingkang-nggègèri","ingkang-ngoncataken","kagègèt","kang-nggegirisi","kangge-nggegirisi","lan-kula-badhe-ndamel-giris","tiyang-nggegirisi"]·KO["그리고-내가-두렵게-하겠다","놀라게-하는-자가","두렵게-하는-자-가","두렵게-하는-자가","두렵게-하려고","두렵게하는자가","떨게-하는-자","떨게-하는-자가","떨게-하려고-","무서워했다","쫓는-자가"]·PT["amedrontando","aterrorizou","e-aterrorizarei","para-aterrorizar","quem-amedronte","quem-assuste","quem-aterre","quem-espante"]·RU["и-устрашу","отгоняющего","привёл-в-ужас","пугающего","устрашающего","устрашить"]·ES["aterrorizó","el-que-atemorice","para-aterrorizar","quien-amedrente","quien-aterrorice","quien-espante","quien-espante.","quien-haga-temblar","quien-te-espante;","y-lo-aterrorizaré"]·SW["akalitia-hofu","anayekutisha","anayeogofya","anayeshtua","anayetisha","anayewaogopesha","atakayeogofya","kuwaogopesha","kuwatisha","mwogofyaji","na-nitamtisha"]·TR["korkutan","korkutmak-için","korkuttu","ve-korkutacağım"]·urd["اور-میں-گھبرا-دوں-گا","بھگانے-والا","درایا","ڈرانے-والا","ڈرانے-کو"]
Lev 26:6, Deut 28:26, Judg 8:12, 2 Sam 17:2, Job 11:19, Isa 17:2, Jer 7:33, Jer 30:10, Jer 46:27, Ezek 30:9, Ezek 34:28, Ezek 39:26 (+4 more)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† חָרַד vb. tremble, be terrified (Assyrian ḫarâdu, id., according to DlHA 20, Pr 46; Arabic خَرِدَ be bashful, shamefaced; NH חֲרָדָה a trembling)— Qal Pf. וְחָרַד consec. Is 19:16, חָֽרְדָה Is 10:29, חָרַדְתְּ 2 K 4:13, חָרְדוּ 1 S 13:7; 14:15, וְחָֽרְדוּ consec. Ez 26:16; 32:10; Impf. יֶחֱרַד Jb 37:1, וַיֶּחֱרַד Gn 27:33 + 5 times; יֶחְרְדוּ Ho 11:10 Ez 26:18, יֶֽחֶרְדוּ Ho 11:11, יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ…