H2108 H2108
Except, besides, apart from — a preposition expressing exclusion or sole exception
A prepositional particle derived from a noun root suggesting 'removal,' used to carve out exceptions from a general statement. When Caleb alone is exempted from the wilderness generation's judgment, this is the word that marks the exception: 'save Caleb' (Deut 1:36). It serves the same function in theological declarations of divine uniqueness — 'there is no God besides Me' (Hos 13:4; Isa 45:5, 21) — and in David's prayer acknowledging YHWH's incomparability: 'there is none besides You' (2 Sam 7:22 = 1 Chr 17:20). It takes pronominal suffixes freely and functions as a synonym of mibbal'adey and bilti. Spanish 'excepto' and German 'ausser' directly mirror its exclusive force.
Senses
1. except, besides — A preposition meaning 'except, besides, apart from,' used to indicate exclusion or sole exception. It appears in legal-narrative contexts to single out individuals — Caleb alone spared from the wilderness decree (Deut 1:36), the sole sword available at Nob (1 Sam 21:9). Most strikingly, it carries monotheistic force in prophetic declarations: 'there is no God besides Me' (Hos 13:4; Isa 45:5, 21; cf. 2 Sam 7:22; Ps 18:31). Takes various pronominal suffixes (zulathi, zulatekha, zulathah) and stands synonymous with mibbal'adey and bilti. 16×
AR["إلّا", "إِلَّا", "سِواكَ", "سِوى", "سِوَاكَ", "سِوَانَا", "سِوَاهُ", "سِوَايَ", "سِوَى", "غَيري", "غَيْرَ", "غَيْرُكَ"]·ben["-আমি-ছাড়া", "-মধ্যে-ঘরের", "আপনি-ছাড়া", "আমাকে-ছাড়া", "ঈশ্বর", "কেবল", "ছাড়া", "ছাড়া-এটা", "ছাড়া-তোমার", "তুমি-ছাড়া", "তোমা-ছাড়া", "ব্যতীত"]·DE["[זולתי]", "[זולתך]", "ausser", "ausser-es", "besides", "besides-du"]·EN["besides", "besides-Me", "besides-You", "besides-me", "besides-you", "except", "except-Me", "except-it", "except-you"]·FR["[זולתי]", "[זולתך]", "besides-tu", "de", "en-dehors", "sauf", "sauf-cela", "sauf-tu"]·heb["זוּלָתִי", "זולת", "זולת-ך", "זולתה", "זולתי", "זולתך", "זולתך-ך"]·HI["अलावा-तेरे", "उस्के-सिव", "केवल", "ज़ूलत", "तेरे-अलावा", "तेरे-सिवा", "मेरे-सिवा", "सिवा-तेरे", "सिवाय"]·ID["Kecuali", "kecuali", "selain", "selain-Aku", "selain-Engkau", "selain-Mu", "selain-itu", "selainmu"]·IT["[זולתי]", "[זולתך]", "besides-tu", "eccetto", "eccetto-tu", "fuori", "tranne", "tranne-esso"]·jav["Kajawi-Ingsun", "kajawi", "kajawi-", "kajawi-Ingsun", "kajawi-Panjenengan", "kejawi", "kejawi-Panjenengan", "kejawi-panjenengan", "kejawi-punika", "saliyaning-Panjenengan", "sanès-saking-Kawula"]·KO["그것-외에는", "나-외에", "너-외에", "당신-외에", "오직", "외-에-너", "외에", "제외하고", "주-외에"]·PT["além-de-Ti", "além-de-mim", "além-de-ti", "além-dela", "exceto", "senão", "somente", "¶ Exceto"]·RU["Кроме", "кроме", "кроме-Меня", "кроме-Тебя", "кроме-него", "кроме-тебя", "только"]·ES["excepto", "excepto-ella", "excepto-tú", "fuera-de-mí", "fuera-de-ti", "salvo", "sino", "sino-solo", "sino-yo"]·SW["isipokuwa", "isipokuwa-wewe", "kumweka", "mwingine-isipokuwa-wewe", "mwingine-zaidi-yangu", "sisi-wawili", "wengine-zaidi-yako", "zaidi-yako", "zaidi-yangu"]·TR["Senden-baska", "Senden-başka", "benden-baska", "benden-başka", "dışında", "dışında-", "hariç", "ondan-başka", "sadece", "senden-baska", "senden-başka"]·urd["-سوائے", "تیرے-سوا", "سوا", "سوائے", "سوائے-اُس-کے", "سِوائے", "میرے-سوا"]
Deut 1:36, Deut 4:12, Josh 11:13, Ruth 4:4, 1 Sam 21:10, 2 Sam 7:22, 1 Kgs 3:18, 1 Kgs 12:20, 2 Kgs 24:14, 1 Chr 17:20, Ps 18:31, Isa 26:13 (+4 more)
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [זוּלָה] n.[f.] proposes removal, only found in the st. c. as prep. and conj. except, only, save that—cstr. זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 and (with the obsolete case-ending ִי) זוּלָתִי Dt 1:36; 4:12 Jos 11:13 1 K 3:18; 12:20 ψ 18:32; with sf. זוּלָתִי Ho 13:4 Is 45:5, 21, זוּלָֽתְךָ, זוּלָתֶ֑ךָ 2 S 7:22 = 1 Ch 17:20 Is 26:13; 64:3 Ru 4:4, זוּלָתָהּ 1 S 21:10;— 1. prep. except, besides, lit. with removal of…