H2086 H2086
Insolent, arrogant, presumptuous — always of those who defiantly oppose God and His commandments
An adjective that functions almost as a technical term for the willfully defiant. In Psalm 119 alone it appears seven times, consistently naming those who scorn the Torah and mock the faithful. The 'zed' is not merely proud but presumptuously rebellious — Proverbs 21:24 yokes the word with 'scoffer' and 'haughty.' Malachi and Isaiah extend the charge to entire communities whose arrogance invites divine judgment. Spanish 'soberbio' and German 'Freche' both capture the aggressive insolence implied.
Senses
1. insolent, arrogant, presumptuous — A person characterized by insolent presumption against God, used substantively as a near-technical term for the godless rebel. Dominant in Psalm 119 (vv. 21, 51, 69, 78, 85, 122, 122) where the 'zedim' are those who stray from the commandments and heap scorn on the psalmist. Also appears in prophetic judgment (Isa 13:11; Mal 3:15, 19) and proverbial characterization (Prov 21:24). 13×
AR["المُتَكَبِّرِينَ", "الْمُتَغَطْرِسِينَ", "الْمُتَكَبَِرُونَ", "الْمُتَكَبِّرُونَ", "الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ", "مُتَكَبِّرٌ", "مِنَ-الْمُتَعَمِّدِينَ"]·ben["-আমাকে-অহংকারীরা", "অধার্মিকদের", "অহংকারী", "অহংকারীদের", "অহংকারীরা", "দম্ভীদের-থেকে"]·DE["Freche", "[הזדים]", "[זדים]", "der-arrogant", "der-insolent", "von-presumptuous-sins"]·EN["arrogant", "from-presumptuous-sins", "proud", "the-arrogant", "the-insolent"]·FR["[הזדים]", "[זדים]", "de-orgueilleux", "orgueilleux", "זד"]·heb["ה-זדים", "זד", "זדים", "מ-זדים"]·HI["अहंकारियों-का", "अहंकारियों-को", "अहंकारी", "से-अहंकार-के-पापों"]·ID["Sombong", "dari-kesombongan", "orang-orang-sombong", "orang-sombong", "yang-sombong"]·IT["[הזדים]", "[זדים]", "arroganti", "proud", "superbo"]·jav["Tiyang-tiyang-gumunggung", "ingkang-gumunggung", "kang-kumalungkung", "saking-tiyang-gumedhé", "tiyang-ingkang-kumalungkung", "tiyang-kumalungkung", "tiyang-sombong", "tiyang-tiyang-gumunggung"]·KO["거만한", "교만하고", "교만한-것들-에서", "교만한-자들", "교만한-자들-을", "교만한-자들-이", "교만한-자들을", "오만한-자들의"]·PT["Os-soberbos", "Soberbo", "de-presunçosos", "os-soberbos", "soberbos"]·RU["Надменные", "гордые", "гордых", "дерзкие", "дерзких", "заносчивые", "надменные", "надменный", "надменным", "от-дерзких"]·ES["Soberbio", "Soberbios", "a-soberbios", "arrogantes", "de-soberbias", "los-insolentes", "soberbios"]·SW["cha-wenye-dharau", "kutoka-kiburi", "mwenye-kiburi", "wenye-kiburi"]·TR["gurulerin", "kibirliler", "kibirlileri", "küstah", "küstahlar", "küstahlardan", "küstahları"]·urd["-غرور-سے", "غرور", "مغرور", "مغروروں-نے", "مغروروں-کو", "گستاخوں-کا"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† זֵד adj. insolent, presumptuous:—ז׳ Pr 21:24; pl. זֵדִים Je 43:2 + 11 times;—always masc., and always of opposition to י׳, wickedness; with qualified noun expressed, only הָאֲנָשִׁים הַזֵּדִים Je 43:2, of opponents of Jerem.; elsewhere used substantively, as term. techn. for godless, rebellious men; once sg. זֵד יָהִיר לֵץ שְׁמוֹ Pr 21:24 a haughty, insolent one, scorner is his name (‖ עוֹשֶׂה…