H1854 H1854
To crush, pulverize, or grind to fine particles; also to be fine or thin as the result of grinding.
A verb of physical reduction, used for crushing, pounding, and grinding substances into powder or dust. It appears in accounts of destroying idolatrous objects, as when Josiah crushed the Asherah pole at the brook Kidron (2 Kgs 23:6) and when Moses ground the golden calf until it was fine as dust (Exod 32:20). The Hifil causative carries the force of active pulverizing, while the Qal stative describes the resulting fineness. Isaiah uses both the active and passive forms in agricultural imagery, noting that bread grain is eventually crushed but not endlessly threshed (Isa 28:28).
3. be crushed or ground — The passive sense (Hofal): to be crushed or ground by an external agent. Attested only in Isaiah 28:28, where bread grain is described as eventually being ground, though the farmer does not thresh it forever. Spanish se muele ('it is ground') captures the passive force that distinguishes this from the active Hifil. 1×
AR["يُطْحَنُ"]·ben["চূর্ণ-হয়"]·DE["[יודק]"]·EN["grain"]·FR["[יודק]"]·heb["יודק"]·HI["दावनी-जाती-है"]·ID["dihancurkan"]·IT["[יודק]"]·jav["dipun-giling"]·KO["부수느냐"]·PT["será-moído"]·RU["размалывается"]·ES["se-muele"]·SW["hutwangwa"]·TR["ugurlanir"]·urd["پیسا-جاتا-ہے"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. crush, pulverize, beat fine — The transitive causative sense: to crush, stamp, pulverize, or beat something into fine powder. Spanish desmenuzo ('I crush fine') and English 'stamp/crushed/beat fine' converge on forceful physical reduction. Prominent in cultic purges where kings destroy idolatrous objects (2 Kgs 23:6, 15; 2 Chr 15:16; 34:4) and in David's victory psalm where enemies are stamped like dust (2 Sam 22:43). 9×
AR["أَدُقُّهُمْ","سَحَقَهَا","لِيَسْحَقَ","وَ-سَحَقَ","وَتَسْحَقِينَ","وَسَحَقَ","وَسَحَقَهَا","يَسْحَقُهُ"]·ben["আমি-চাপব-তাদের","আর-গুঁড়ো-করলেন","এবং-গুঁড়ো-করবে","এবং-গুঁড়ো-করলেন","এবং-তুমি-চূর্ণ-করবে","ও-চূর্ণ-করলেন","গুঁড়ো-করলেন","চূর্ণ-করবে-এটাকে","চূর্ণ-করলেন"]·DE["[והדק]","[והדקות]","[וידק]","[ותדק]","[ידקנו]","[להדק]","er-beat-fine","ich-stamp-ihnen","und-er-beat-fine"]·EN["I-stamp-them","and-crushed","and-he-beat-fine","and-he-crushed","and-hills","and-you-will-crush","he-beat-fine","not","to-crush"]·FR["[והדק]","[וידק]","[ותדק]","[ידקנו]","[להדק]","et-broyer","et-il-beat-fine","il-beat-fine","je-stamp-eux"]·heb["אדק-ם","הדק","ו-הדיקות","ו-הדק","ו-ידק","ו-תדוק","ידוקנו","ל-הדק"]·HI["और-कूटा","और-चूर-करेगी","और-चूर-चूर-किया","और-चूर्ण-करेगी","और-पीसा","कुचलूंगा-उन्हें","चूर-चूर-करने-के-लिए","दाएंगे-उसे","पीसा"]·ID["aku-meremukkan-mereka","dan-ditumbuk","dan-engkau-akan-menghancurkan","dan-ia-menghancurkan","dan-menghancurkan","menghancurkan","menghancurkannya","menjadi-halus"]·IT["[והדק]","[והדקות]","[וידק]","[ותדק]","[ידקנו]","[להדק]","e-egli-beat-fino","egli-beat-fino","io-stamp-loro"]·jav["dados-lebu","kula-jajah","lan-dipun-alus-alusaken","lan-ngancuraken","lan-nyuwak","lan-panjenengan-badhé-ngremuk","lan-piyambakipun-ngremukaken","ngremuk","piyambakipun-ngremukaken"]·KO["그리고-그가-부수었다","그리고-그가-빻었다","그리고-부수리라","그리고-빻었다","부수지","빻었다","을-빼려고","짓이긴다-그들을"]·PT["amasso-os","e-despedaçarás","e-esmagou","e-moeu","e-triturarás","moeu","o-moerão","para-esmagar"]·RU["в-прах","и-истолок","и-истёр","и-раздробил","и-раздробишь","истопчу-их","истёр","раздавят-его"]·ES["desmenuzo","lo-muele","los-pisoteé","para-desmenuzar","y-desmenuzarás","y-desmenuzó","y-la-desmenuzo"]·SW["akaponda","lhedak","na-akaiponda","na-akaisaga","na-kuisaga","na-utaponda","nikawakanyaga","twanga","whedak"]·TR["ezdi","ezdirmez-onu","inceltim-onları","toz-etmek-için","ve-ezdi","ve-ezdirdi","ve-ezeceksin","ve-parçalayacaksın","ve-ufaladı"]·urd["اور-تُو-پیسے-گی","اور-پیس-دیا","اور-کوٹا","اور-کوٹے-گی","میں-کوٹتا-ہوں-اُنہیں","پیسنے-کو","پیسیں-گے","کوٹا"]
2. be/become fine or thin — The intransitive stative sense: to be or become fine, thin, reduced to powder. Describes the end-state after grinding, not the act itself. Spanish fino and English 'fine/it was fine' align on the resultant quality. Found in the golden calf narrative where Moses ground until the material 'was fine' as dust (Exod 32:20; Deut 9:21), and in the incense recipe ground 'fine' (Exod 30:36). 3×
AR["دَقَّ","ناعِماً","نَاعِمًا"]·ben["গুঁড়া","সূক্ষ্ম"]·DE["es-war-fein","fein"]·EN["fine","it-was-fine"]·FR["cela-était-fin","fin"]·heb["דק","הדק"]·HI["बारीक"]·ID["halus"]·IT["esso-fu-fine","fine","fior"]·jav["alus","alus,"]·KO["가늘어졌느니라","고운","곱게"]·PT["fino"]·RU["-измельчился","мелко","мелкое"]·ES["fino","quedó-fino"]·SW["ikawa-laini","laini","unga"]·TR["ince"]·urd["باریک"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [דָּקַק] vb. crush, pulverise, thresh; be fine (Arabic دَقَّ be or become thin, minute; Ethiopic ደቀቀ Assyrian daḳâḳu Pa. break in pieces COTGloss; Ph. דק id., Aramaic דַּקֵּק Pa. id., ܕܰܩ )— Qal Pf. 3 ms. דַּק Dt 9:21, דָּ֑ק Ex 32:20; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְדֻקֶּ֑נּוּ Is 28:28; 2 ms. תָּדֹק Is 41:15;— 1. crush (trans.) sq. acc. לֶחֶם bread-stuff, corn Is 28:28; of threshing ‖ דּוּשׁ Is 41:15 (fig.…