H1777 H1777
judge, adjudicate; contend, strive; defend, vindicate, plead cause; govern, rule
1. judge, adjudicate — Core Qal meaning: to exercise judgment, render a legal decision. Consistent across all six languages: eng 'judge/judges/judged', spa 'juzgar/juzgará/juzgó', hin 'न्याय करना', arb 'يدين/حكم', kor '심판하다/판단하다', swa 'hukumu'. Encompasses all inflections (imperf, perf, imp, inf, ptcpl) and pronominal suffixes where the core meaning remains judicial decision-making. 18×
AR["أَدِينُ","اِقْضُوا","حَكَمَ","دَانَنِي","لِـيَدين","لِيَدِينَ","مَنْ-يَحْكُمُ","يَحْكُمُ","يَحْكُمُوا","يَدين","يَدينُ","يَدِينُ"]·ben["-ন্যায়বিচার-করতে","তিনি-বিচার-করবেন","তিনি-বিচার-করেন","প্রতি-বিচার","বিচার-কর","বিচার-করব","বিচার-করবে","বিচার-করবেন","বিচার-করা","বিচার-করেছে","বিচার-করেছেন","বিচার-করেন","সে-বিচার-করবে","সে-বিচার-করেছিলেন"]·DE["Dan","[דינו]","[דנו]","[ידין]","[לדין]","er-richtet","er-wird-Richter","gerichtet-hat-mich","möge-er-Richter","richte","richtet","wird-Richter","wird-richten","zu-Richter"]·EN["He-judged","He-will-judge","Judge","he-judges","he-will-judge","judged-me","judges","judging","may-he-judge","shall-judge","they-judge","to-judge","will-judge"]·FR["--juger","Dan","fera-juger","judging","jugea-moi","juger","juges","à-juger","ידין"]·heb["דינו","דן","דנו","דנני","ידין","ל-דין"]·HI["न्यय-करुनग","न्याय-करता-था","न्याय-करता-है","न्याय-करने","न्याय-करने-को","न्याय-करे","न्याय-करेगा","न्याय-करो","न्याय-किया-मेरा","वह-न्याय-करेगा","वे-करते"]·ID["Ia menghakimi","Ia-akan-menghakimi","Ia-mengadili","Ia-menghakimi","akan-menghakimi","ia-membela","lakukanlah-keadilan","menghakimi","menghakimi aku","menghukum","mereka-membela","untuk-menghakimi","yang-membela"]·IT["Dan","egli-judges","fara-giudicare","giudica","giudicare","giudico'","giudicò-me","judging","shall-giudice"]·jav["Gusti-Allah-ngadili-kula","Panjenengan-ipun-ngadili","Panjenenganipun-badhé-ngadili","Piyambakipun-badhé-ngadili","badhe-ngadili","ingkang-ngadili","kangge-ngadili","ngadili","umat"]·KO["-심판하기-위해","그가-심판하신다","그가-판단하였다","심판하려고","심판하리라","심판하셨다-나를","심판하시리라","심판하지","심판한다","판단하는-자가","판단하라","판단하시리로다","판단하시리이다"]·PT["Julgai","Julgará","Julgou","Julgue","julga","julgam","julgando","julgará","julgou-me","para-julgar","quem-julgue"]·RU["Будет-судить","будет-судить","да-судит","судил","судил-меня","судит","судите","судить","судить-буду","судят","судящего","управлять-будет"]·ES["Juzgad","Juzgará","Juzgó","juzga","juzgando","juzgaron","juzgará","juzgó-me","para-juzgar","quien-juzgue"]·SW["Alihukumu","Atawahukumu","amenihukumu","anahukumu","anayetetea","ataamua","atahukumu","hukumu","hukumuni","kuhukumu","nitahukumu"]·TR["Hükmetti-bana","Yargıladı","hükmedecek","savunacak","savunan","yargilamak-icin","yargıladılar","yargılamak-için","yargılar","yargılasın","yargılayacak","yargılayacağım","yargılayın"]·urd["انصاف-کرو","انصاف-کرے-گا","انصاف-کرےگا","انصاف-کیا-میرا","سنتے","عدالت-کرتا-ہے","عدالت-کرنے","عدالت-کروں-گا","عدالت-کرے-گا","فیصلہ-کرتا-تھا","لِ-عدالت-کرنے","وہ عدالت کرتا ہے","وہ-عدالت-کرے-گا","وہ-فیصلہ-کرے-گا","کوئی"]
Gen 15:14, Gen 30:6, Gen 49:16, Deut 32:36, 1 Sam 2:10, Job 36:31, Ps 7:8, Ps 9:8, Ps 50:4, Ps 72:2, Ps 96:10, Ps 110:6 (+6 more)
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. contend, strive — Meaning to quarrel, contend, or strive with someone, often in a legal or adversarial context. Includes both Nifal (reciprocal contending) and Qal usages. Cross-linguistic evidence uniformly distinct from 'judge': eng 'contending/strive/contend', spa 'contendiendo/contenderá/contender', hin 'झगड़ते हुए/लड़ना', arb 'متخاصما/يدوم', kor '다투다', swa 'kubisha/kushindana'. All six languages deploy quarrel/dispute vocabulary rather than judicial terms. 3×
AR["مَعَ-","مُتَخاصِمًا","يَدُومُ"]·ben["থাকবে","বিতর্ক-করছিল","বিবাদ-করতে"]·DE["contending","soll-streiten","zu-Gericht"]·EN["contending","shall-strive","to-contend"]·FR["--strive","contending","à-לדין"]·heb["ידון","ל-דין","נדון"]·HI["झगड़ते-हुए","रहेगी","लड़ना"]·ID["akan-tinggal","bertengkar","untuk-bersaing"]·IT["contending","per-a-contend","shall-strive"]·jav["badhe-dados","bebantahan","kangge-padu"]·KO["다투기를","다투며","다투할-것이다"]·PT["contender","disputando","permanecerá"]·RU["будет-пребывать","спорящий","судиться"]·ES["contender","contenderá","contendiendo"]·SW["haitatawala","kushindana","wakibisha"]·TR["kalacak","tartismak","tartışıyordu"]·urd["بحس-کرنا","جھگڑ-رہے","رہے-گی"]
3. defend, vindicate, plead cause — Qal sense of advocating for or defending someone's cause judicially, distinct from neutral adjudication. Cross-linguistic evidence: eng 'defend/vindicate', spa 'defiende/júzgame', hin 'न्याय कर', arb 'وحكم/احكم لي', kor '변호하라/심판하소서', swa 'tetea/unitetee'. The Swahili and Korean consistently choose advocacy vocabulary (tetea = defend, 변호 = advocate) rather than neutral judging terms. 2×
AR["احكُم-لي","وَ-حُكْمَ"]·ben["এবং-বিচার-করো","বিচার-কর-আমাকে"]·DE["und-Gericht","vindicate-mich"]·EN["and-defend","vindicate-me"]·FR["et-ודין","juger"]·heb["ו-דין","תדינני"]·HI["और-न्याय-कर","न्याय-कर-मुझे"]·ID["dan-belalah"]·IT["e-e-defend","giudico'"]·jav["lan-mbela"]·KO["그리고-변호하라","심판하소서"]·PT["e-defende","faze-me-justiça"]·RU["защити-меня","и-защищай"]·ES["júzgame","y-defiende"]·SW["na-tetea","unitetee"]·TR["ve-savun","yargıla-beni"]·urd["اور-حق","اِنصاف-کَر-میرا"]
4. govern, rule — Extended Qal sense of exercising administrative authority or governance, beyond a single judicial decision. Key evidence: spa 'gobernarás' (you will govern) and kor '다스리리라' (will rule/govern) both independently choose governance vocabulary rather than judicial terms. Eng 'will judge' and arb 'تدين' retain the judicial gloss, but the Spanish and Korean divergence signals a genuinely distinct administrative-authority usage. 1×
AR["تَدِينُ"]·ben["বিচার-করবে"]·DE["[תדין]"]·EN["will-judge"]·FR["juger"]·heb["תדין"]·HI["न्याय-करेगा"]·ID["akan-mengadili"]·IT["[תדין]"]·jav["ngadili"]·KO["다스리리라"]·PT["julgarás"]·RU["будешь-судить"]·ES["gobernarás"]·SW["utahukumu"]·TR["yargılayacaksın"]·urd["عدالت-کرے-گا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† דִּין vb. judge (cf. Arabic دَانَ intrans. to be obedient, submissive, trans. requite, compensate, rule, govern, دِينٌ obedience, abasement, recompense, دَيَّانٌ requiter, governor, مَدِينَةٌ city; Assyrian dânu, Impf. idı̂n, judge, Aramaic דָּן (יְדִין, יְדוּן) Syriac ܕܳܢ (ܢܕܽܘܢ) judge, exercise judgment, punish, דִּיָּינָא, ܕܰܝܳܢܳܐ judge, דִּינָא, ܕܝܻܢ judgment, ܡܕܝܺܢܻܬܳܐ city;—on √ ע״י v.…