H1481b H1481b
To stir up strife, attack, assail; in Hitpael, to slash oneself — hostile action ranging from conflict to ritual self-laceration.
This is gur II, distinguished from the far more common gur I ('to sojourn, dwell as a stranger'). Where gur I conveys peaceful residence, gur II carries aggressive overtones: stirring up strife, gathering hostilely, or launching attacks. The Psalms deploy it in lament contexts — enemies lurk and assail (Ps 56:6; 59:3; 140:2) — while Isaiah 54:15 uses both the infinitive absolute and imperfect for emphasis: 'whoever stirs up strife against you shall fall.' A solitary Hitpael occurrence in Hosea 7:14, yitgoraru ('they slash themselves'), describes pagan mourning rituals of self-laceration, possibly linking to the related root garar or garah.
1. to stir up strife, attack, assail — To stir up strife, attack, or assail. In the Psalms of lament, David describes enemies who 'gather together' or 'attack' — yaguru in Ps 56:6 (lurking and watching his steps), Ps 59:3 (assembling against him without cause), and Ps 140:2 (stirring up wars). Spanish 'atacan' and 'se-reúnen' reflect both the hostile and gathering aspects. Isaiah 54:15 provides a theological assurance: gor yagor, an emphatic construction — 'whoever indeed stirs up strife, it is not from Me' — God distances himself from illegitimate aggression against his people. 6×
AR["تَغَرَّبَ","مَنْ-يَجْتَمِعْ","يَجتَمِعونَ","يَجْتَمِعُ","يَجْتَمِعُونَ"]·ben["কেউ-বাস-করে","জড়ো-হয়","তারা-জড়ো-হয়","বাস-করে","যদি"]·DE["[גור]","[גר]","[יגור]","sie-angreifen","sie-sammeln","sie-stir-up"]·EN["attacking","attacks","he-attacks","they-attack","they-gather","they-stir-up"]·FR["[גור]","[גר]","[יגור]","séjourner"]·heb["גור","גר","יגור","יגורו"]·HI["इकट्ठा-होता-है","इकट्ठे-होते-हैं","परदेशी-है","यदि-कोई","वे-इकट्ठा-होते-हैं"]·ID["menyerang","mereka-mengumpulkan","sungguh"]·IT["soggiorno'","temere"]·jav["badhé-nyerang","ingkang-nyerang","kadursilanan","manawi-wong-","sami-ngumpul","sedaya"]·KO["다투는-자가","모였도다","모이도다","싸우기를-","싸울지라도"]·PT["Juntam-se","ajuntam-se","ajuntar","ajuntou","se-ajuntam","se-ajuntarão"]·RU["восстанет","восстанием","собираются"]·ES["ataca","atacan","se-reúnen","si-atacar"]·SW["Wanakusanyika","anayeungana","hakika","wanachochea","wanakusanyika","wataungana"]·TR["toplanacaklar","toplandiysa","toplanmak","toplanırlar","toplanıyorlar"]·urd["جُمتے","جُمے-ہیں","حملہ-کرنا","حملہ-کرے-گا","حملہ-کرے-گا-جو","وہ-جمع-کرتے-ہیں"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. to slash oneself (Hitpael) — To slash or lacerate oneself (Hitpael reflexive), describing ecstatic or mourning ritual self-mutilation. The sole attestation in Hos 7:14, yitgoraru, depicts Israelites who 'slash themselves for grain and new wine' — adopting Canaanite ritual practices instead of genuinely crying out to God. Spanish 'se-congregan' (they congregate) misses the self-laceration nuance, while English 'they-slash-themselves' captures it precisely. This form may derive from a related root garar ('to drag, scrape') rather than gur proper, reflecting the tangled etymology of several similar-sounding Hebrew roots. 1×
AR["يَتَجَمَّعونَ"]·ben["জড়ো-হয়"]·DE["[יתגוררו]"]·EN["they-slash-themselves"]·FR["séjourner"]·heb["יתגוררו"]·HI["जमा-करते-हैं"]·ID["mereka-mengores-diri"]·IT["[יתגוררו]"]·jav["saking-Kawula"]·KO["모이는도다"]·PT["ajuntam-se"]·RU["собираются"]·ES["se-congregan"]·SW["wanajikata"]·TR["yarıyorlar-kendilerini"]·urd["جمع-ہوتے-ہیں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. [גּוּר] vb. stir up strife, quarrel (cf. גרה)—so Ew Che Di RVm (Is 54:15); gather together Ges De Br cf. 𝔗 𝔙, so AV RV;— Qal Pf. גָּר Is 54:15; Impf. יָגוּר v 15, יָגוּרוּ ψ 56:7; 59:4; 140:3 (on all cf. infr.); Inf. abs. גּוֹר Is 54:15;— 1. stir up strife, abs. גּוֹר יָגוּר Is 54:15; cf. ψ 56:7 (but AE Che read יָגוֹדּוּ attack, v. גדד); sq. עַל־ ψ 59:4 (but Che id.; cf. ψ 94:21, wh.…