H1413 H1413
To cut oneself, gash the body in mourning or pagan rites; also to band together, gather in hostile troops.
A verb with two strikingly different semantic paths. In its more common use, it describes ritual self-laceration -- cutting or gashing the body as an act of mourning or pagan worship, explicitly forbidden in Deuteronomy 14:1 and dramatically enacted by the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel (1 Kgs 18:28). The second sense, 'to band together' or 'gather in troops,' likely derives from the related noun gedud ('raiding band'), depicting hostile assembly. The Arabic cognate jadda ('to cut, cut off') anchors the physical cutting sense, while the military metaphor of 'cutting into' enemy territory bridges toward the gathering sense.
2. band together, gather in troops — To band together or assemble as a hostile group, used in both Hitpael and Qal stems. Micah 5:1 (ET 4:14) commands 'gather yourself in troops,' addressing a besieged city. Psalm 94:21 describes the wicked banding together against the righteous. Jeremiah 5:7 depicts people thronging to houses of prostitution. French se rassembler ('gather together') captures this collective military or hostile assembly. The connection to the cutting sense may run through the noun gedud ('raiding band'), itself from the root's notion of making an incursion or 'cutting into' territory. 3×
AR["تَجْتَمِعِينَ","يَتَجَمَّعُونَ"]·ben["জড়ো-হয়","তারা-জড়ো-হয়","তুমি-নিজেকে-কাটবে"]·DE["[יתגדדו]","[תתגדדי]","sie-band-zusammen"]·EN["gather-yourself-in-troops","they-band-together","they-throng"]·FR["[יתגדדו]","se-couper","se-rassembler"]·heb["יגודו","יתגודדו","תתגודדי"]·HI["तू-इकट्ठा-होगी","वे-इकट्ठे-होते-हैं","वे-हमला-करते-हैं"]·ID["Mereka-menyerang","goresilah-dirimu","mereka-berkumpul"]·IT["[תתגדדי]","si-taglio'","tagliarsi"]·jav["Sami-nglumpuk","panjenengan-badhé-dipuntatani","piyambakipun-sami-kempal"]·KO["그들-이-공격하리라","모으라","몰려든다"]·PT["Atacam","ajunta-te-em-tropas","ajuntam-se"]·RU["нападают","собирайся-в-отряды","толпились"]·ES["Se-amontonan","se-reunieron","te-harás-cortaduras"]·SW["Wanashambulia","jikusanye","wanakusanyika"]·TR["saldırıyorlar","toplanıyorlar","yarala-kendini"]·urd["جمع-ہوتے-ہیں","خراشیں-ڈال","وہ-جمع-ہوتے-ہیں"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
1. cut oneself, gash oneself — Reflexive self-cutting in the Hitpael stem, describing ritual laceration of the body. Deuteronomy 14:1 prohibits it among Israelites: 'you shall not cut yourselves' for the dead. First Kings 18:28 narrates the Baal prophets gashing themselves until blood flowed. Jeremiah 16:6, 41:5, and 47:5 associate it with mourning rites. Spanish cortarse/hacerse incisiones ('cut oneself/make incisions') and the Arabic jadda ('cut off') consistently point to physical wounding of one's own flesh, always in ritual or mourning contexts. 5×
AR["تَتَجَدَّدِينَ","تَخْدِشُونَ","وَ-تَجَرَّحوا","وَ-مُجَرَّحُونَ","يَجْرَحُونَ-أَنْفُسَهُمْ"]·ben["আঘাত-করবে","এবং-আঘাত-করছে","এবং-তারা-নিজেদের-কেটে-ফেলল","তোমরা-কাটবে","নিজেকে-কাটবে"]·DE["[ומתגדדים]","[יתגדד]","[תתגודדי]","du-soll-schnitt-euch-selbst","und-schnitt-sich-selbst"]·EN["and-cut-themselves","and-gashing-themselves","they-will-cut-themselves","will-you-gash-yourself","you-shall-cut-yourselves"]·FR["[ומתגדדים]","[יתגדד]","[תתגודדי]","et-coupa-eux-mêmes","tu-devra-couper-vous-mêmes"]·heb["ו-התגודדו","ו-מתגודדים","יתגודד","תתגודדו","תתגודדי"]·HI["और-काटे-अपने-को","और-घाव-किए-हुए","काटोगे-अपने-आप-को","घाव-करती-रहोगी","चीरे-काटेंगे-अपने-शरीर"]·ID["dan-menoreh-diri","dan-mereka-melukai-diri","engkau-menggores-diri","kamu-melukai-diri","menoreh-diri"]·IT["e-tagliarsi","e-tagliò-sé-stessi","tagliarsi","tu-dovra-tagliare-voi-stessi"]·jav["kedah-panjenengan-ngiris-badan-panjenengan","lan-nyilet-piyambakipun-piyambak","lan-sampun-ngiris","nyayat-badan","panjenengan-badhe-ngiris-sarira"]·KO["그리고-몸을-베고","그리고-상처를-냈다","몸을-미지","몸을-베리라-너는","몸을-베으리라-너희는"]·PT["e-cortados","e-cortaram-se","se-cortarão","te-cortarás","vos-cortareis"]·RU["будут-делать-нарезы","делайте-нарезов","и-порезали-себя","и-самопорезанные","ты-будешь-делать-нарезы"]·ES["os-haréis-incisiones","se-harán-cortaduras","te-cortarás","y-cortados","y-se-cortaban"]·SW["jikata","kujikata","na-wakajikata","na-wakiwa-wamejikata","utajikata"]·TR["keseceksin-kendini","keseceksiniz-kendinizi","ve-kestiler-kendilerini","ve-çizilmiş","yarılacak"]·urd["اور-زخمی","اور-کاٹے-خود-کو-اُنہوں-نے","اپنے-آپ-کو-زخمی-کرنا","تو-اپنے-آپ-کو-زخمی-کرتی-رہے-گی","خراشیں-گے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [גָּדַד] vb. penetrate, cut (NH id., cut, cut out, Aramaic גְּדַד, ܓܰܕ, Arabic جَدّ cut, cut off; Ethiopic ገደደ in deriv.)— Qal Impf. ψ 94:21 יָג֯וֹדּוּ עַל־נֶפֶשׁ צַדִּיק they attack (penetrate, make inroads upon) the life of a righteous man (Ol proposes יָגוּרוּ cf. 56:7; 59:4 where, however, Che יגודו; si vera l., perhaps denom. from גְּדוּד cf. Ho 6:9 & infr.; cf. also גוד & Köi 356).…