H0505 H0505
Mil (numeral); en dual 'dos mil'; en plural 'miles/millares'; también 'clan, subdivisión tribal'.
Una palabra que cuenta tanto personas como comunidades. En su sentido numérico directo, אֶלֶף significa 'mil' y aparece en censos, recuentos de batalla y mediciones a lo largo de toda la Biblia hebrea. Pero un fascinante sentido secundario --'clan' o 'subdivisión tribal'-- podría replantear algunas de las cifras notoriamente elevadas del Antiguo Testamento. Cuando Gedeón dice en Jue 6:15 'mi אֶלֶף es el más débil de Manasés', se refiere a su clan, no a un millar literal. Algunos eruditos sostienen que muchos totales militares en Números y Crónicas contaban originalmente 'clanes' en vez de 'miles', lo cual reduciría drásticamente las cifras.
Sentidos
1. mil (numeral cardinal) — El numeral cardinal 'mil' (1.000) empleado en conteos, totales de censos, mediciones, cantidades monetarias y expresiones temporales (427 ocurrencias). Abraham recibe אֶלֶף piezas de plata en Gn 20:16; el censo del Éxodo cuenta miles de combatientes (Éx 12:37). El español mil, el francés mille y el alemán tausend lo vierten con transparencia. Aparece en singular, constructo y con preposiciones. 427×
AR["آلاَفٍ", "آلَافٍ", "أَلْفاً", "أَلْفًا", "أَلْفٍ", "أَلْفَ", "مِئَةِ-أَلْفٍ"]·ben["এক-হাজার", "হাজার"]·DE["tausend", "thousands"]·EN["a-thousand", "thousand", "thousands"]·FR["mille", "milliers", "un-mille"]·heb["אלף", "אלפים"]·HI["हज़अर", "हज़ार", "हजार"]·ID["ribu", "seribu"]·IT["migliaia", "mille", "un-mille"]·jav["ewu", "sewu", "èwu"]·KO["천", "천들"]·PT["mil", "milhares"]·RU["тысяч", "тысячи", "тысячу"]·ES["mil", "miles"]·SW["alfuni", "elfu", "maelfu"]·TR["bin"]·urd["اور-تین", "اور-دو", "اور-سات", "اور-پانچ", "اور-چار", "اور-چھ", "ہزار"]
Gen 20:16, Exod 12:37, Exod 38:26, Exod 38:26, Num 1:21, Num 1:23, Num 1:25, Num 1:27, Num 1:29, Num 1:31, Num 1:33, Num 1:35 (+38 más)
2. dos mil (dual) — La forma dual אַלְפַּיִם que significa específicamente 'dos mil' (2.000), usada como cantidad numérica precisa (31 ocurrencias). Nm 4:36 cuenta dos mil setecientos levitas; Nm 35:5 mide dos mil codos de pastizal. El francés deux-mille y el alemán zwei-Tausend preservan la precisión dual, mientras la morfología hebrea (sufijo dual -áyim) marca esta forma como categoría gramatical diferenciada. 31×
AR["أَلفَينِ", "أَلْفانِ", "أَلْفَانِ", "أَلْفَيْ", "أَلْفَيْنِ"]·ben["দুই-হাজার", "দুইহাজার"]·DE["tausend", "tausende", "zwei-Tausend", "zwei-tausend", "zwei-thousands"]·EN["two-thousand", "two-thousands"]·FR["deux-mille", "deux-milliers", "mille"]·heb["אלף", "אלפיים", "אלפים"]·HI["दो-हज़ार", "दो-हजार"]·ID["dua-ribu"]·IT["due-migliaia", "due-mille", "mille"]·jav["kalih-ewu", "kalih-èwu", "kalih-èwunan", "kalih-éwu"]·KO["이-천", "이천", "이천의", "이천이", "천"]·PT["dois-mil", "dois-milhares"]·RU["две-тысячи"]·ES["dos-mil", "dos-miles"]·SW["alpaּyim", "dhiraa-elfu-mbili", "elfu-mbili", "farasi-elfu-mbili", "na-mbili"]·TR["iki-bin"]·urd["دو ہزار", "دو-ہزار"]
Exod 38:29, Num 4:36, Num 4:40, Num 7:85, Num 35:5, Num 35:5, Num 35:5, Num 35:5, Josh 3:4, Josh 7:3, Judg 20:45, 1 Sam 13:2 (+19 más)
3. miles, millares (gran número) — El plural אֲלָפִים que significa 'miles' o 'millares' como cifra redonda elevada, cantidad multiplicada o expresión de abundancia abrumadora (31 ocurrencias). Éx 20:6 promete la lealtad de Dios 'a miles' de generaciones; Rebeca es bendecida para llegar a ser 'millares de millares' (Gn 24:60). El español miles/millares y el francés milliers captan tanto el registro contable como el hiperbólico. 31×
AR["ألُوفٍ", "أُلوفٍ", "أُلُوفٍ", "الأُلُوف", "الأُلُوفِ", "الْأُلُوفِ", "الْـ-أُلُوفِ"]·ben["সহস্রদের", "সহস্রের", "হাজারগুলির", "হাজারদের-এর", "হাজারের"]·DE["der-tausende", "der-thousands", "tausende", "thousands"]·EN["the-thousands", "thousands"]·FR["le-milliers", "mille", "milliers"]·heb["אלף", "אלפים", "ה-אלף", "ה-אלפים"]·HI["-के-हज़ारों", "-हजारों-के", "हज़अरोन-के", "हज़ारों", "हज़ारों-के", "हजारों"]·ID["-seribu", "ribuan", "seribu", "seribu-orang", "seribu-seribu"]·IT["il-migliaia", "migliaia", "mille"]·jav["ing-éwu", "sewu", "sèwon", "sèwu", "sèwu-sèwu", "sèwunan", "èwu", "èwunan"]·KO["그-천들의", "그-천의", "그-천인대들", "천-명-의", "천의"]·PT["milhares", "milhares,", "os-milhares"]·RU["тысяч", "тысячами"]·ES["los-miles", "los-millares", "miles"]·SW["elfu", "kumzunguka", "maelfu", "wa-maelfu"]·TR["-binlerin", "binlerin"]·urd["ہزاروں", "ہزاروں-کے"]
Gen 24:60, Exod 18:21, Exod 18:25, Exod 20:6, Exod 34:7, Num 31:14, Num 31:48, Num 31:52, Num 31:54, Deut 1:15, Deut 5:10, 1 Sam 8:12 (+19 más)
4. clan, subdivisión tribal — Una unidad social y militar --clan, división o contingente dentro de una tribu israelita-- distinta del numeral (18 ocurrencias). En Jue 6:15, Gedeón identifica su אֶלֶף como el más débil de Manasés, claramente refiriéndose a su clan, no a un número. Nm 1:16 y 10:4 emplean el término para subdivisiones tribales. Este sentido tiene profundas implicaciones exegéticas: algunos estudiosos proponen que muchas cifras veterotestamentarias contaban 'clanes' en vez de 'miles'. 18×
AR["(بِـ-أَلْفِهِ)", "(بِـ-أُلُوفِهِ)", "[بِـ-أَلْفِهِ]", "[بِـ-أُلُوفِهِ]", "آلافِ", "أُلُوفُ", "أُلُوفِ", "بِآلافِهِ", "فِي-أُلُوفِ", "لِأُلُوفِ", "لِـ-أُلُوفِ", "مِنْ-أُلُوفِ", "وَ-لِ-أُلُوفِكُمْ"]·ben["[তার-হাজারে]", "আর-তোমাদের-সহস্রগুলি-অনুসারে", "তার-হাজারগুলিতে", "তার-হাজারে", "সহস্র", "সহস্রের", "সহস্রের-জন্য", "হাজার", "হাজারগুলি-থেকে", "হাজারগুলির-প্রতি", "হাজারগুলির-মধ্যে-", "হাজারদের"]·DE["[by-sein-thousands]", "[in-Tausend-his]", "mit-sein-thousands", "tausend", "thousands-von", "ueber-thousands-von", "und-bei-dein-clans", "von-thousands-von"]·EN["(in-thousands-his)", "[by-his-thousands]", "[in-thousand-his]", "among-thousands-of", "and-by-your-clans", "by-his-thousands", "from-thousands-of", "of-thousands-of", "over-thousands-of", "thousands-of", "with-his-thousands"]·FR["(in-milliers-his)", "[by-son-thousands]", "[in-mille-his]", "avec-son-milliers", "dans-milliers-de", "de-milliers-de", "de-thousands-de", "et-par-ton-clans", "milliers-de", "par-son-milliers", "sur-milliers-de", "thousands-de"]·heb["(ב-אלפי-ו)", "[באלפו]", "אלפי", "ב-אלפי", "ב-אלפי-ו", "וּ-לְ-אַלְפֵיכֶם", "ל-אלפי", "מ-אלפי"]·HI["(अपने-हज़अरोन)", "[हज़अर]", "अपने-हज़अरोन", "और-अपने-हजारों-के", "सब-हज़ारों", "हज़ार", "हज़ारों", "हज़ारों-के", "हज़ारों-के-लिए", "हज़ारों-में", "हज़ारों-से", "हजारों-के"]·ID["(dalam-ribuan)", "[dalam-seribuannya]", "atas-ribuan", "bagi-ribuan-ribuan", "beribu-ribunya", "dalam-ribuan", "dan-menurut-ribuan-ribuanmu", "dari-ribuan", "di-antara-ribuan", "ribu", "ribuan", "ribuan-ribuan"]·IT["(in-migliaia-his)", "[by-suo-thousands]", "[in-mille-his]", "con-suo-migliaia", "da-migliaia-di", "da-suo-migliaia", "di-thousands-di", "e-da-tuo-clans", "in-migliaia-di", "migliaia-di", "sopra-migliaia-di", "thousands-di"]·jav["ewon", "ing-antawis-èwunan", "ing-èwunan-nipun", "kanggé-sèwuing", "lan-miturut-èwuan-panjenengan", "mawi-èwu-ipun", "saking-èwon", "sèwu", "èwon-èwon", "èwoning", "èwu-èwu", "èwuning", "éwonipun"]·KO["(그의-천들로)", "[그의-천으로]", "그리고-너희의-천인대들로", "그의-천으로", "삼천", "에-그의-천들로", "에-천들", "에서-천들", "천들(접)", "천들-의", "천들에게-", "천들에서", "천들의"]·PT["(nos-seus-milhares)", "[em-seus-milhares]", "[nos-seus-mil]", "de-milhares-de", "e-por-milhares-vossos", "em-seus-milhares", "entre-milhares-de", "mil-de-", "milhares-de", "para-milhares-de", "pelos-milhares-dele", "sobre-milhares-de"]·RU["(тысячами-своими)", "[тысячей-своих]", "[тысячу-свою]", "для-тысяч", "и-по-тысячам-вашим", "из-тысяч", "над-тысячами", "среди-тысяч", "тысяч", "тысячи", "тысячи-свои"]·ES["(Qeré)", "de-miles-de", "en-miles-suyos", "en-sus-miles", "entre-millares-de", "mil", "miles-de", "millares-de", "sobre-miles-de", "son-los-millares-de", "y-por-vuestros-miles"]·SW["elfu-za", "juu-ya-maelfu-ya", "kutoka-maelfu-ya", "kwa-elfu-yake", "kwa-maelfu-ya", "kwa-maelfu-yake", "maelfu", "maelfu-ya", "miongoni-mwa-maelfu-ya", "na-koo-zenu", "tatu"]·TR["(binlerini)", "-binlerinden", "-binlerine", "-binlerle", "-e-binlerinin", "[binlerini]", "binleri", "binlerinde", "binlerinin", "ve-binler-inize-göre"]·urd["(ہزاروں)", "(ہزاروں-سے)", "[ہزاروں-سے]", "[ہزاروں]", "اسرائیل-کے", "اور-اپنے-ہزاروں-کے-مطابق", "کے-ہزاروں", "ہزار", "ہزاروں", "ہزاروں-اپنے-میں", "ہزاروں-سے", "ہزاروں-میں", "ہزاروں-کے", "ہزاروں-کے-لیے"]
Exod 32:28, Num 1:16, Num 10:4, Num 10:36, Num 31:5, Num 31:48, Deut 33:17, Josh 22:14, Josh 22:21, Josh 22:30, 1 Sam 10:19, 1 Sam 18:7 (+6 más)
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
II. אֶ֫לֶף n.m. Ju 6:15 thousand (אלף MI, SI, Sab. DHMZMG 1875, 615; Arabic أَلْفٌ, Aramaic ܐܳܠܶܦ, אֲלַף, אלפיא; cf. Ethiopic እልፍ mille, myrias)*.—(אָ֑׳)א׳ Gn 20:16 +; sf. אַלְפִּי †Ju 6:15; du. אַלְפַּיִם Nu 4:36 +; pl. אֲלָפִים Ex 18:21 +; cstr. אַלְפֵי Ex 32:28 +; אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13 + 2 times; אֲלָפָיו Qr 1 S 18:7 + 2 times (Kt ־פו)—a thousand. 1. numeral: a. used with noun alone; mostly before…