Cholaō means to be angry or enraged, often with the connotation of bile-driven anger (from cholē, bile). Jesus uses it in John's Gospel when defending his Sabbath healing: 'I did one work, and you all marvel at it. Moses gave you circumcision... and you circumcise a man on the Sabbath. If on the Sabbath a man receives circumcision... are you angry with me because on the Sabbath I made a man's whole body well?' The rhetorical question exposes the inconsistency of his opponents: they permit surgical circumcision on the Sabbath but rage when Jesus heals, revealing that their anger comes from hostility to Jesus rather than from principled Sabbath observance.